12-4644-ag (L) Patel v. Holder
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
AMENDED SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 7th day of May, two thousand fourteen.
Present: ROBERT A. KATZMANN, Chief Judge, JOHN M. WALKER, JR., CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY, Circuit Judges, ________________________________________________
MITABEN NARANDAS PATEL, KETANKUMAR BABUBHAI PATEL,
Petitioners,
v. Nos. 12-4644-ag, 13-623-ag
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.1 ________________________________________________
For Petitioners: RENEE HYKEL CUDDY (John J. Hykell, on the brief), Philadelphia, PA.
1 The Clerk of the Court is directed to amend the caption as set forth above. For Respondent: KRISTIN MORESI, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division (Stuart F. Delery, Assistant Attorney General; Shelley Goad, Assistant Director, on the brief), U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
ON CONSIDERATION of these petitions for review of decisions of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED that
petition 12-4644 is GRANTED, the corresponding decision of the BIA is VACATED, the case
is REMANDED for proceedings consistent with this order, and petition 13-623 is DENIED as
moot.
Petitioners Mitaben Narandas Patel and Ketankumar Babubhai Patel, wife and husband
and natives and citizens of India, petition for review of two decisions of the BIA entered on
November 5, 2012 and January 22, 2013, respectively. In its first decision, the BIA denied the
Patels’ motion to remand and affirmed a October 1, 2010 decision of an Immigration Judge
(“IJ”), who had found the Patels statutorily ineligible for adjustment of status under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1255(i) and ordered the Patels removed. In its second decision, the BIA denied the Patels’
motion for reconsideration. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts,
procedural history, and issues presented for review.
Where, as here, “the BIA adopts the decision of the IJ and merely supplements the IJ’s
decision, . . . we review the decision of the IJ as supplemented by the BIA.” Yan Chen v.
Gonzalez, 417 F.3d 268, 271 (2d Cir. 2005). Although we generally lack jurisdiction to review a
discretionary denial of an application for adjustment of status, see 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i),
we may review the decisions here regarding the Patels’ statutory eligibility for such relief. See
id. § 1252(a)(2)(D) (permitting review of questions of law); Sepulveda v. Gonzales, 407 F.3d 59,
2 62–63 (2d Cir. 2005) (holding statutory eligibility to be a question of law). We review the factual
findings underlying the agency’s denial of adjustment of status for substantial evidence. See 8
U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Yanqin Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir. 2009). Under this
standard, “the administrative findings of fact are conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator
would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B). Accordingly, we
must defer to the agency’s choice between competing views of the evidence “so long as the
deductions are not ‘illogical or implausible.’” Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.
2007) (quoting Anderson v. City of Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 557 (1985)).
Under 8 U.S.C. § 1255(i), certain otherwise ineligible aliens may obtain adjustment of
status if, among other things, the alien “is physically present in the United States on December
21, 2000.” Id. § 1255(i)(1)(C). The Department of Justice Executive Office for Immigration
Review has promulgated regulations governing the “[e]videntiary requirement to demonstrate
physical presence on December 21, 2000.” 8 C.F.R. § 1245.10(n). Here, the agency denied the
Patels’ application for adjustment of status on the ground that “[t]he regulation enumerates the
type of evidence required to satisfy the requirement” of showing physical presence on December
21, 2000, and “none of the evidence submitted by the [Patels] . . . is sufficient to meet the
regulation.” No. 13-623, Cert. Admin. R. 25. The agency reasoned that the evidence submitted
constituted “witness statements rather than official records maintained by a government or
business.” Id. The IJ likewise afforded little or no weight to the testimony, letters, affidavits, and
other evidence the Patels presented on the ground that the Patels “did not provide any of the
records set forth in the regulation.” Id. at 187.
3 The agency’s reading of the governing regulation is mistaken. The regulation does not
“enumerate[] the type of evidence required” so as to limit acceptable evidence to “official
records maintained by a government or business.” Instead, the regulation enumerates certain
types of official documentary evidence—including “Service [immigration] documentation,”
“other government documentation,” and “non-government documentation”—that applicants
“may submit.” 8 C.F.R. § 1245.10(n)(2)–(4). The regulation makes clear, however, that “[t]he
adjudicator will evaluate all evidence on a case-by-case basis.” Id. § 1245.10(n)(5)(i) (emphasis
added).
To be sure, the regulation also provides that “[t]he adjudicator . . . will not accept a
personal affidavit attesting to physical presence on December 21, 2000, without requiring an
interview or additional evidence to validate the affidavit.” Id. But this provision does not support
the agency’s position. To begin with, the provision confirms that applicants are permitted to
submit evidence other than official government or business documentation. Moreover, the Patels
did not rely solely on unvalidated affidavits. To the contrary, both applicants testified before the
IJ about Mitaben’s physical presence on December 21, 2000, as well as about other factual
information set forth in the various letters, affidavits, and other documents the Patels submitted.
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12-4644-ag (L) Patel v. Holder
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
AMENDED SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 7th day of May, two thousand fourteen.
Present: ROBERT A. KATZMANN, Chief Judge, JOHN M. WALKER, JR., CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY, Circuit Judges, ________________________________________________
MITABEN NARANDAS PATEL, KETANKUMAR BABUBHAI PATEL,
Petitioners,
v. Nos. 12-4644-ag, 13-623-ag
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.1 ________________________________________________
For Petitioners: RENEE HYKEL CUDDY (John J. Hykell, on the brief), Philadelphia, PA.
1 The Clerk of the Court is directed to amend the caption as set forth above. For Respondent: KRISTIN MORESI, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division (Stuart F. Delery, Assistant Attorney General; Shelley Goad, Assistant Director, on the brief), U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
ON CONSIDERATION of these petitions for review of decisions of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED that
petition 12-4644 is GRANTED, the corresponding decision of the BIA is VACATED, the case
is REMANDED for proceedings consistent with this order, and petition 13-623 is DENIED as
moot.
Petitioners Mitaben Narandas Patel and Ketankumar Babubhai Patel, wife and husband
and natives and citizens of India, petition for review of two decisions of the BIA entered on
November 5, 2012 and January 22, 2013, respectively. In its first decision, the BIA denied the
Patels’ motion to remand and affirmed a October 1, 2010 decision of an Immigration Judge
(“IJ”), who had found the Patels statutorily ineligible for adjustment of status under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1255(i) and ordered the Patels removed. In its second decision, the BIA denied the Patels’
motion for reconsideration. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts,
procedural history, and issues presented for review.
Where, as here, “the BIA adopts the decision of the IJ and merely supplements the IJ’s
decision, . . . we review the decision of the IJ as supplemented by the BIA.” Yan Chen v.
Gonzalez, 417 F.3d 268, 271 (2d Cir. 2005). Although we generally lack jurisdiction to review a
discretionary denial of an application for adjustment of status, see 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(i),
we may review the decisions here regarding the Patels’ statutory eligibility for such relief. See
id. § 1252(a)(2)(D) (permitting review of questions of law); Sepulveda v. Gonzales, 407 F.3d 59,
2 62–63 (2d Cir. 2005) (holding statutory eligibility to be a question of law). We review the factual
findings underlying the agency’s denial of adjustment of status for substantial evidence. See 8
U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Yanqin Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir. 2009). Under this
standard, “the administrative findings of fact are conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator
would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B). Accordingly, we
must defer to the agency’s choice between competing views of the evidence “so long as the
deductions are not ‘illogical or implausible.’” Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.
2007) (quoting Anderson v. City of Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 557 (1985)).
Under 8 U.S.C. § 1255(i), certain otherwise ineligible aliens may obtain adjustment of
status if, among other things, the alien “is physically present in the United States on December
21, 2000.” Id. § 1255(i)(1)(C). The Department of Justice Executive Office for Immigration
Review has promulgated regulations governing the “[e]videntiary requirement to demonstrate
physical presence on December 21, 2000.” 8 C.F.R. § 1245.10(n). Here, the agency denied the
Patels’ application for adjustment of status on the ground that “[t]he regulation enumerates the
type of evidence required to satisfy the requirement” of showing physical presence on December
21, 2000, and “none of the evidence submitted by the [Patels] . . . is sufficient to meet the
regulation.” No. 13-623, Cert. Admin. R. 25. The agency reasoned that the evidence submitted
constituted “witness statements rather than official records maintained by a government or
business.” Id. The IJ likewise afforded little or no weight to the testimony, letters, affidavits, and
other evidence the Patels presented on the ground that the Patels “did not provide any of the
records set forth in the regulation.” Id. at 187.
3 The agency’s reading of the governing regulation is mistaken. The regulation does not
“enumerate[] the type of evidence required” so as to limit acceptable evidence to “official
records maintained by a government or business.” Instead, the regulation enumerates certain
types of official documentary evidence—including “Service [immigration] documentation,”
“other government documentation,” and “non-government documentation”—that applicants
“may submit.” 8 C.F.R. § 1245.10(n)(2)–(4). The regulation makes clear, however, that “[t]he
adjudicator will evaluate all evidence on a case-by-case basis.” Id. § 1245.10(n)(5)(i) (emphasis
added).
To be sure, the regulation also provides that “[t]he adjudicator . . . will not accept a
personal affidavit attesting to physical presence on December 21, 2000, without requiring an
interview or additional evidence to validate the affidavit.” Id. But this provision does not support
the agency’s position. To begin with, the provision confirms that applicants are permitted to
submit evidence other than official government or business documentation. Moreover, the Patels
did not rely solely on unvalidated affidavits. To the contrary, both applicants testified before the
IJ about Mitaben’s physical presence on December 21, 2000, as well as about other factual
information set forth in the various letters, affidavits, and other documents the Patels submitted.
The IJ did not find the Patels’ testimony to be incredible. See 8 U.S.C. §1229a(c)(4)(C) (“[I]f no
adverse credibility determination is explicitly made, the applicant or witness shall have a
rebuttable presumption of credibility on appeal.”).
In support of their motion to remand the case to the IJ, the Patels also submitted
additional affidavits from Praveen Lal and Dr. Babubhai Patel, both of whom had been
unavailable for the initial hearing before the IJ but offered to testify in re-opened proceedings if
4 asked. The BIA disregarded these offers of testimony as “not material to the ultimate outcome of
this case” because they were “not the type of documentation that is required to establish physical
presence contemplated under [the regulation].” No. 13-623, Cert. Admin. R. 26. But live
testimony from Lal and Dr. Patel, if credited, could have validated those witnesses’ prior written
statements attesting to Mitaben’s physical presence in the United States. See 8 C.F.R. §
1245.10(n)(5)(i) (contemplating validation of an affidavit through “an interview”). Indeed, even
apart from the prior written statements, testimony from Lal and Dr. Patel could have
independently supported the Patels’ claims. The agency’s finding of immateriality thus was
mistaken.
We have considered all of the agency’s remaining arguments and find them to be without
merit. Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, petition 12-4644 is GRANTED, the
corresponding decision of the BIA is VACATED, the case is REMANDED for proceedings
consistent with this order, and petition 13-623 is DENIED as moot.
FOR THE COURT: CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK