Parma v. Lyba

2020 Ohio 3034

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: May 21, 2020
• Docket: 108762
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Parma v. Lyba, 2020-Ohio-3034.]

COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

CITY OF PARMA, :

Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 108762 v. :

IHOR LYBA , :

Defendant-Appellant. :

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 21, 2020

Criminal Appeal from the Parma Municipal Court Case No. 18TRC08462

Appearances:

Timothy Dobeck, City of Parma Prosecuting Attorney, and John L. Reulbach, Jr., Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.

Samuel W. Basta, for appellant.

SEAN C. GALLAGHER, P.J.:

Ihor Lyba appeals his conviction for operating a vehicle while under

the influence of alcohol or drugs (“OVI”) under Parma Codified Ordinances

333.01(a)(1)(A). Finding no reversible error, we affirm. At 2:15 a.m. one night in July 2018, Lyba and his brother crashed

their vehicle into a light pole in front of a convenience store located across the street

from a bowling alley. The bowling alley was closing at that time, and there were 20

to 30 people leaving the establishment and milling about the parking lot, several of

whom witnessed the events as they unfolded. Those witnesses, after hearing the

collision, saw Lyba and his brother try to enter the closed (and locked) convenience

store.

After the unsuccessful attempt to enter the convenience store, Lyba’s

brother drove the duo into the bowling alley’s parking lot, squealing the vehicle’s

tires as they proceeded into the lot. After stopping, Lyba’s brother exited the vehicle

and tried speaking with some of the people in the parking lot. Both Lyba and his

brother speak Ukrainian and were not understood by the witnesses. Lyba then

jumped into the driver’s seat of their vehicle, which has a manual transmission.

According to the witnesses, it appeared as though Lyba was not well versed in its

operation. At first, Lyba was revving the engine and appeared to be trying to engage

reverse. Instead, the vehicle lurched forward toward a crowd of onlookers. Lyba

managed to get the car moving in reverse for 20 to 30 feet, but it either stalled or

Lyba slammed on the brakes as the vehicle jumped a curb and nearly collided with

some fleeing pedestrians.

Parma police officers arrived on scene at that point. One of the

officers spoke Ukrainian and was able to loosely communicate with Lyba, who was

slurring his speech, gazing into the distance, and otherwise being noncompliant with the officers. Lyba was wearing nothing but his underwear at the time, had bloodshot

eyes, and smelled of alcohol. He was immediately arrested for reckless operation of

a vehicle. The officers arrested Lyba with the intent to conduct field sobriety tests at

the station after removing Lyba from what was then described as a “tense” situation.

It seems the crowd was less than pleased with Lyba and his brother’s conduct. Field

sobriety tests bolstered the officers’ conclusion that Lyba was intoxicated. Lyba

refused the breathalyzer, and he was ultimately convicted of the OVI.

In the first two assignments of error, Lyba claims that (1) the officers

lacked probable cause to arrest him because none of the officers actually witnessed

Lyba’s criminal conduct and (2) the officers lacked probable cause to arrest Lyba

because they failed to advise him of the constitutional privilege against self-

incrimination at the time of his arrest. Neither argument is supported with

authority or analysis upon which we could conclude that error occurred. App.R.

16(A)(7). Instead, Lyba provides blanket references to Maumee v. Weisner, 87 Ohio

St.3d 295, 297, 720 N.E.2d 507 (1999), and Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86

S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). Neither decision is applicable to the facts of this

case.

In Weisner, the issue was whether a reliable informant’s statements

to dispatch demonstrated reasonable suspicion for an officer to conduct an

investigative stop of the defendant’s vehicle under Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct.

1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968). Weisner at 299. In contrast, Lyba was arrested after

driving his vehicle in a crowded parking lot — the officers did not conduct an investigatory stop of Lyba’s vehicle. The officers arrived on scene for the sole

purpose of investigating the suspected OVI. Weisner has no bearing on the facts as

presented in this particular case.

Lyba’s reliance on Miranda is also misplaced. Miranda involves the

privilege against self-incrimination and whether non-Mirandized statements

should be excluded from trial. See generally id. Lyba claims that the officers lacked

probable cause to arrest him at the scene of the crime because they failed to

immediately advise Lyba of his constitutional right after Lyba was placed under

arrest. The decision to arrest Lyba was not based on any statements against his own

interest — the arrest was entirely based on the officers’ observations and statements

from witnesses. Miranda is equally inapplicable.

In light of the fact that responding officers arrived at the scene to find

Lyba visibly intoxicated and in the driver’s seat of the vehicle that had been recently

driven by Lyba, according to the bystanders, the officers had probable cause to arrest

Lyba. It is well settled in cases such as these that a warrantless arrest of an

intoxicated driver is permitted if the facts and circumstances permit a police officer

to reasonably conclude that a defendant was operating a motor vehicle while under

the influence of alcohol or drugs shortly before the officer arrived to the scene.

Oregon v. Szakovits, 32 Ohio St.2d 271, 291 N.E.2d 742 (1972); see also State v.

Henderson, 51 Ohio St.3d 54, 56, 554 N.E.2d 104 (1990); Cleveland v. Giering,

2017-Ohio-8059, 98 N.E.3d 1131, ¶ 15 (8th Dist.). The first and second assignments

of error are overruled. In the third and final assignment of error, Lyba claims the trial court

erred in concluding that he drove the vehicle from the convenience store into the

bowling alley parking lot when in fact Lyba’s brother drove the vehicle at that

particular time. Lyba is essentially questioning a fact of no consequence. Lyba does

not dispute the basic facts underlying his conviction for the OVI. Even if we agreed

with Lyba’s proposition as set forth in the third assignment of error, it is undisputed

that Lyba was seen driving the vehicle in the bowling alley’s parking lot and it is also

undisputed that Lyba was intoxicated when officers arrived at the scene and

removed Lyba from the driver’s seat of the vehicle. Any error in the court’s recitation

of the timeline of events in which Lyba was also allegedly identified as the driver of

the vehicle from the convenience store to the bowling alley is, at best, harmless error.

Crim.R. 52(A). The third assignment of error is overruled.

The conviction is affirmed.

It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

municipal court to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

SEAN C. GALLAGHER, PRESIDING JUDGE

MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J., and RAYMOND C. HEADEN, J., CONCUR