[Cite as Parallel Homes, L.L.C. v. Stephens, 2014-Ohio-840.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
PARALLEL HOMES, LLC., : APPEAL NO. C-130292 TRIAL NO. 12CV-29420 Plaintiff-Appellant, :
vs. : O P I N I O N. ANTONIO STEPHENS, :
Defendant-Appellee, :
and :
NAKKIYA A. GROOMES, :
Defendant. :
Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: March 7, 2014
Heyman Law, LLC, and D. Andrew Heyman, for Plaintiff-Appellant,
Antonio Stephens, pro se.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
D INKELACKER , Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant Parallel Homes, LLC, (“PHL”) appeals a judgment entered
in favor of defendant-appellee Antonio Stephens on a counterclaim he had filed in PHL’s
eviction action. We find merit in PHL’s sole assignment of error, and we reverse the trial
court’s judgment.
{¶2} PHL filed a complaint for eviction against Stephens and defendant Nakkiya A.
Groomes. It also sought damages for past-due rent, late fees, lost rent and repairs. At a
subsequent hearing, the magistrate issued a decision granting the eviction and ordering
restitution of the leased premises. The magistrate’s decision also stated that “[t]he claim for
money is continued for the filing of an answer or default judgment.”
{¶3} Subsequently, Stephens, acting pro se, filed an answer and counterclaim,
which stated: “There is a dispute on money owed and why its [sic] not owed. They also
changed the locks and took belongings out of the property and ranshacked [sic] the property
before the date of the eviction.” He requested a judgment of $3,000.
{¶4} Stephens did not include a certificate of service with the answer and
counterclaim. The clerk did not issue service to PHL’s counsel of record, but instead sent
the answer and counterclaim by certified mail directly to PHL at the address listed on the
complaint. An individual at PHL signed for the certified mailing of Stephen’s answer and
counterclaim.
{¶5} At PHL’s request, the magistrate continued the originally scheduled trial date
to January 28, 2013. Stephens and Groomes appeared for trial on that date. Counsel for
PHL did not appear, but filed another motion for a continuance on the ground that PHL’s
witness was unavailable. The magistrate denied the motion and dismissed PHL’s claim for
damages.
{¶6} The magistrate then heard testimony on Stephens’s counterclaim. Stephens
and Grooms testified that, in anticipation of the eviction, they had begun moving their
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
belongings out of the leased premises. Two days before the eviction date, they returned to
the residence to find that the locks had been changed. They contacted the landlord, who
supplied them with a new key. When they were able to reenter the residence, they
discovered that many of their belongings were missing and that someone had ransacked the
premises. While they did not have receipts for the missing property, Stephens and Groomes
provided photographs of the residence and an itemized list of the missing items.
{¶7} The magistrate granted judgment to Stephens on his counterclaim in the
amount of $3,000. In response to PHL’s request for findings of fact and conclusions of law,
the magistrate stated that the counterclaim was uncontested and that Stephens had proved
his claim “by a preponderance of the evidence.”
{¶8} PHL filed objections to the magistrate’s decision. It argued that Stephens had
not served PHL’s counsel as required by Civ.R. 5. PHL’s counsel said that because of the
failure of service and because the clerk of courts had incorrectly listed another attorney as
PHL’s counsel of record, he was unaware of the counterclaim and did not know that it would
be tried on the January 28 trial date.
{¶9} The trial court held a hearing on the objections. At the hearing, PHL’s
counsel asserted that because he was never served with and was unaware of the
counterclaim, he reasonably believed that the only issue to be tried at the January 28 trial
was PHL’s claim for money damages. Counsel further stated that he had anticipated that if
the magistrate did not grant a continuance, she would, at most, have dismissed PHL’s claim
for money damages without prejudice.
{¶10} The trial court overruled PHL’s objections and adopted the magistrate’s decision. It stated that counsel had “actively represented his client throughout the pretrial
proceedings.” Therefore, counsel “knew or should have known that the Clerk would not
have set this matter for trial without a filed response from the defendants.” Because PHL
had “legal notice” of the answer and counterclaim, the court granted judgment in favor of
Stephens on his counterclaim. This appeal followed.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶11} In its sole assignment of error, PHL contends that the trial court erred in overruling its objections and adopting the magistrate’s decision. It argues that the trial
court should not have proceeded with a trial on the merits of the counterclaim when it did
not include proof of service as required by Civ.R. 5(B)(3). This assignment of error is well
taken.
{¶12} Civ.R. 5(A) states that every pleading subsequent to the original complaint “shall be served upon each of the parties[.]” Civ.R. 5(B)(1) further requires service on the
attorney of record if a party is represented by an attorney. The rational for this rule is that a
party represented by counsel usually speaks through counsel, and counsel “is in a better
position to understand the legal import of any documents required to be served on his or
her client and the nature of the action to be taken.” Swander Ditch Landowners’ Assn. v.
Joint Bd. of Huron & Seneca Cty. Commrs., 51 Ohio St.3d 131, 134, 554 N.E.2d 1324 (1990),
syllabus; Roberts v. Skaggs, 176 Ohio App.3d 251, 2008-Ohio-1954, 891 N.E.2d 827, ¶ 12
(1st Dist.).
{¶13} Proper service under the civil rules is mandatory even if a party represented by counsel might otherwise learn of the action taken by the court. Peroz v. Nagel, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 21437, 2003-Ohio-6584, ¶ 10; Jackson v. Davenport, 2d Dist. Greene No. 93
CA 75, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 2683, *5 (June 22, 1994). Thus, if a party is represented by
an attorney of record, service, when required, should be made upon that attorney absent an
express order of the court stating otherwise. Swander Ditch Landowners’ Assn. at syllabus;
Roberts at ¶ 11. Since Stephens failed to serve the answer and counterclaim on PHL’s
attorney of record, the trial court should not have granted judgment on his counterclaim.
{¶14} Additionally, Civ.R. 5(B)(2) describes the ways in which documents may be served. Civ.R. 5(B)(3) provides that “[t]he served document shall be accompanied by a
completed proof of service which shall state the date and manner of service, specifically
identify the division of Civ.R. 5(B)(2) by which the service was made, and be signed in
accordance with Civ.R. 11. Documents filed with the court shall not be considered until
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
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[Cite as Parallel Homes, L.L.C. v. Stephens, 2014-Ohio-840.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
PARALLEL HOMES, LLC., : APPEAL NO. C-130292 TRIAL NO. 12CV-29420 Plaintiff-Appellant, :
vs. : O P I N I O N. ANTONIO STEPHENS, :
Defendant-Appellee, :
and :
NAKKIYA A. GROOMES, :
Defendant. :
Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: March 7, 2014
Heyman Law, LLC, and D. Andrew Heyman, for Plaintiff-Appellant,
Antonio Stephens, pro se.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
D INKELACKER , Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant Parallel Homes, LLC, (“PHL”) appeals a judgment entered
in favor of defendant-appellee Antonio Stephens on a counterclaim he had filed in PHL’s
eviction action. We find merit in PHL’s sole assignment of error, and we reverse the trial
court’s judgment.
{¶2} PHL filed a complaint for eviction against Stephens and defendant Nakkiya A.
Groomes. It also sought damages for past-due rent, late fees, lost rent and repairs. At a
subsequent hearing, the magistrate issued a decision granting the eviction and ordering
restitution of the leased premises. The magistrate’s decision also stated that “[t]he claim for
money is continued for the filing of an answer or default judgment.”
{¶3} Subsequently, Stephens, acting pro se, filed an answer and counterclaim,
which stated: “There is a dispute on money owed and why its [sic] not owed. They also
changed the locks and took belongings out of the property and ranshacked [sic] the property
before the date of the eviction.” He requested a judgment of $3,000.
{¶4} Stephens did not include a certificate of service with the answer and
counterclaim. The clerk did not issue service to PHL’s counsel of record, but instead sent
the answer and counterclaim by certified mail directly to PHL at the address listed on the
complaint. An individual at PHL signed for the certified mailing of Stephen’s answer and
counterclaim.
{¶5} At PHL’s request, the magistrate continued the originally scheduled trial date
to January 28, 2013. Stephens and Groomes appeared for trial on that date. Counsel for
PHL did not appear, but filed another motion for a continuance on the ground that PHL’s
witness was unavailable. The magistrate denied the motion and dismissed PHL’s claim for
damages.
{¶6} The magistrate then heard testimony on Stephens’s counterclaim. Stephens
and Grooms testified that, in anticipation of the eviction, they had begun moving their
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
belongings out of the leased premises. Two days before the eviction date, they returned to
the residence to find that the locks had been changed. They contacted the landlord, who
supplied them with a new key. When they were able to reenter the residence, they
discovered that many of their belongings were missing and that someone had ransacked the
premises. While they did not have receipts for the missing property, Stephens and Groomes
provided photographs of the residence and an itemized list of the missing items.
{¶7} The magistrate granted judgment to Stephens on his counterclaim in the
amount of $3,000. In response to PHL’s request for findings of fact and conclusions of law,
the magistrate stated that the counterclaim was uncontested and that Stephens had proved
his claim “by a preponderance of the evidence.”
{¶8} PHL filed objections to the magistrate’s decision. It argued that Stephens had
not served PHL’s counsel as required by Civ.R. 5. PHL’s counsel said that because of the
failure of service and because the clerk of courts had incorrectly listed another attorney as
PHL’s counsel of record, he was unaware of the counterclaim and did not know that it would
be tried on the January 28 trial date.
{¶9} The trial court held a hearing on the objections. At the hearing, PHL’s
counsel asserted that because he was never served with and was unaware of the
counterclaim, he reasonably believed that the only issue to be tried at the January 28 trial
was PHL’s claim for money damages. Counsel further stated that he had anticipated that if
the magistrate did not grant a continuance, she would, at most, have dismissed PHL’s claim
for money damages without prejudice.
{¶10} The trial court overruled PHL’s objections and adopted the magistrate’s decision. It stated that counsel had “actively represented his client throughout the pretrial
proceedings.” Therefore, counsel “knew or should have known that the Clerk would not
have set this matter for trial without a filed response from the defendants.” Because PHL
had “legal notice” of the answer and counterclaim, the court granted judgment in favor of
Stephens on his counterclaim. This appeal followed.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶11} In its sole assignment of error, PHL contends that the trial court erred in overruling its objections and adopting the magistrate’s decision. It argues that the trial
court should not have proceeded with a trial on the merits of the counterclaim when it did
not include proof of service as required by Civ.R. 5(B)(3). This assignment of error is well
taken.
{¶12} Civ.R. 5(A) states that every pleading subsequent to the original complaint “shall be served upon each of the parties[.]” Civ.R. 5(B)(1) further requires service on the
attorney of record if a party is represented by an attorney. The rational for this rule is that a
party represented by counsel usually speaks through counsel, and counsel “is in a better
position to understand the legal import of any documents required to be served on his or
her client and the nature of the action to be taken.” Swander Ditch Landowners’ Assn. v.
Joint Bd. of Huron & Seneca Cty. Commrs., 51 Ohio St.3d 131, 134, 554 N.E.2d 1324 (1990),
syllabus; Roberts v. Skaggs, 176 Ohio App.3d 251, 2008-Ohio-1954, 891 N.E.2d 827, ¶ 12
(1st Dist.).
{¶13} Proper service under the civil rules is mandatory even if a party represented by counsel might otherwise learn of the action taken by the court. Peroz v. Nagel, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 21437, 2003-Ohio-6584, ¶ 10; Jackson v. Davenport, 2d Dist. Greene No. 93
CA 75, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 2683, *5 (June 22, 1994). Thus, if a party is represented by
an attorney of record, service, when required, should be made upon that attorney absent an
express order of the court stating otherwise. Swander Ditch Landowners’ Assn. at syllabus;
Roberts at ¶ 11. Since Stephens failed to serve the answer and counterclaim on PHL’s
attorney of record, the trial court should not have granted judgment on his counterclaim.
{¶14} Additionally, Civ.R. 5(B)(2) describes the ways in which documents may be served. Civ.R. 5(B)(3) provides that “[t]he served document shall be accompanied by a
completed proof of service which shall state the date and manner of service, specifically
identify the division of Civ.R. 5(B)(2) by which the service was made, and be signed in
accordance with Civ.R. 11. Documents filed with the court shall not be considered until
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
proof of service is endorsed thereon or separately filed.” Because Stephens’s answer and
counterclaim did not include a completed certificate of service, the trial court should not
have considered it. See CitiMortgage, Inc. v. Bumphus, 197 Ohio App.3d 68, 2011-Ohio-
4858, 966 N.E.2d 278, ¶ 76 (6th Dist.); First Resolution Invest. Corp. v. Salem, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 24049, 2008-Ohio-2527, ¶ 7-8; Martin v. Wayne Cty. Natl. Bank Trust &
Invest. Co., 9th Dist. Wayne No. 03CA0079, 2004-Ohio-4194, ¶ 15.
{¶15} We realize that Stephens was acting pro so and was probably unaware of the requirements of Civ.R. 5. But this court cannot waive the requirements of the civil rules
simply because he was acting pro se. Martin at ¶ 16. Pro se litigants are bound by the same
rules and procedures as those litigants who retain counsel. They are not to be accorded
greater rights and must accept the results of their own mistakes and errors. Arkwright Mut.
Ins. Co. v. Toler, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-020589, 2003-Ohio-2202, ¶ 10.
{¶16} Accordingly, we hold that the trial court erred in granting judgment in favor of Stephens on his counterclaim. We sustain PHL’s assignment of error and reverse the trial
court’s judgment on Stephen’s counterclaim.
Judgment reversed.
. HENDON, P.J., and FISCHER, J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.