1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 6 * * *
7 PARADISE HARBOR PLACE TRUST, Case No. 2:22-CV-313 JCM (EJY)
8 Plaintiff(s), ORDER
9 v.
10 BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
11 Defendant(s).
12 13 Presently before the court is defendant Bank of America N.A.’s motion to dismiss 14 plaintiff Paradise Harbor Place Trust’s complaint. (ECF No. 25). Plaintiff filed a response (ECF 15 No. 26), to which defendant replied (ECF No. 27). 16 I. Background 17 This matter arises from a dispute regarding the foreclosure sale of real property located at 18 2601 Vendange Place, Henderson, Nevada, 89044 (the “property”). (ECF No. 5 at 1). In 2008, a 19 deed of trust was recorded against the property. (ECF No. 1). In summer of 2012, non-party 20 Vendange Place Trust purchased the property at a foreclosure sale for $6,350.00 and then 21 transferred it to plaintiff. (ECF No. 25). On August 29, 2012, the deed of trust was assigned to 22 defendant. (ECF No. 1). 23 In 2019, in another matter between these parties concerning the property, this court held 24 that “the homeowners association’s non-judicial foreclosure sale conducted on June 8, 2012[,] 25 did not extinguish the deed of trust, and the property located at 2601 Vendange Place in 26 Henderson, Nevada remains subject to the deed of trust.” Bank of America, N.A. v. Madeira 27 Canyon Homeowners’ Association et al., Case No. 2:16-cv-00444-APG-NJK, ECF No. 86 (D. 28 Nev. Nov. 13, 2019). 1 On October 27, 2021, defendant caused a notice of default and election to cause sale of 2 the property under the deed of trust to be recorded because no payments had been made on the 3 deed of trust since 2010. See (ECF No. 1). Then, on January 31, 2022, defendant recorded a 4 notice of trustee’s sale for the property. (Id.) 5 On January 28, 2022, plaintiff brought this suit in Nevada state court asserting claims 6 against BANA for 1) quiet title/declaratory relief, 2) slander of title, 3) fraud/misrepresentation, 7 4) recission, and 5) unjust enrichment. (ECF No. 1-1). Defendant then timely removed this 8 matter to this court. (ECF No. 1). Defendant now seeks to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. 9 (ECF No. 25). 10 II. Legal Standard 11 A court may dismiss a complaint for “failure to state a claim upon which relief can be 12 granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A properly pled complaint must provide “[a] short and plain 13 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2); Bell 14 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). While Rule 8 does not require detailed 15 factual allegations, it demands “more than labels and conclusions” or a “formulaic recitation of 16 the elements of a cause of action.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citation 17 omitted). 18 “Factual allegations must be enough to rise above the speculative level.” Twombly, 550 19 U.S. at 555. Thus, to survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual 20 matter to “state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citation 21 omitted). 22 In Iqbal, the Supreme Court clarified the two-step approach district courts are to apply 23 when considering motions to dismiss. First, the court must accept as true all well-pled factual 24 allegations in the complaint; however, legal conclusions are not entitled to the assumption of 25 truth. Id. at 678–79. Mere recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported only by 26 conclusory statements, do not suffice. Id. at 678. 27 Second, the court must consider whether the factual allegations in the complaint allege a 28 plausible claim for relief. Id. at 679. A claim is facially plausible when the plaintiff’s complaint 1 alleges facts that allow the court to draw a reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for 2 the alleged misconduct. Id. at 678. 3 Where the complaint does not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of 4 misconduct, the complaint has “alleged—but not shown—that the pleader is entitled to relief.” 5 Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). When the allegations in a complaint have not crossed the 6 line from conceivable to plausible, plaintiff's claim must be dismissed. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 7 570. 8 The Ninth Circuit addressed post-Iqbal pleading standards in Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 9 1202, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011). The Starr court stated, in relevant part: First, to be entitled to the presumption of truth, allegations in a complaint or counterclaim 10 may not simply recite the elements of a cause of action, but must contain sufficient 11 allegations of underlying facts to give fair notice and to enable the opposing party to defend itself effectively. Second, the factual allegations that are taken as true must 12 plausibly suggest an entitlement to relief, such that it is not unfair to require the opposing party to be subjected to the expense of discovery and continued litigation. 13 Id. 14 If the court grants a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, it should grant leave to amend 15 unless the deficiencies cannot be cured by amendment. DeSoto v. Yellow Freight Sys., Inc., 957 16 F.2d 655, 658 (9th Cir. 1992). Under Rule 15(a), the court should “freely” give leave to amend 17 “when justice so requires,” and absent “undue delay, bad faith, or dilatory motive on the part of 18 the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by amendments . . . undue prejudice to the 19 opposing party . . . futility of the amendment, etc.” Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962). 20 The court should grant leave to amend “even if no request to amend the pleading was made.” 21 Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (internal quotation marks 22 omitted). 23 III. Discussion 24 Defendant moves to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint for failure to state a claim. Principally, 25 plaintiff claims that a letter (which is neither in this court’s record, nor publicly recorded in any 26 fashion) accelerated the debt sometime in the fall of 2010. (ECF No. 26). Therefore, according 27 to plaintiff, the deed of trust was presumed satisfied ten years later in fall 2020, pursuant to 28 Nevada’s ancient lien statute. See Nev. Rev. Stat. § 106.240. 1 Plaintiff’s argument relies on a tenuous interpretation of Nevada law. It bases its 2 contentions on a “phantom” notice of default that it does not even know with certainty exists in 3 this case, and that this court has already addressed with skepticism. See (ECF No. 16 at 4, fn. 2). 4 Because plaintiff has not, and cannot, show an affirmative recorded acceleration of the debt 5 before the 2021 notice of default, its claims fail as a matter of law and must be dismissed, with 6 prejudice. 7 “Acceleration is seldom implied, and courts usually require that an acceleration be 8 exercised in a manner so clear and unequivocal that it leaves no doubt as to the lender’s 9 intention.” Clayton v. Gardner, 813 P.2d 997, 999 (Nev. 1991). An amorphous allegation that a 10 general practice resulted in a letter being sent to the homeowner is nowhere near the clarity and 11 certainty the Nevada Supreme Court requires for acceleration. 12 The Ninth Circuit has squarely foreclosed plaintiff’s argument. See Daisy Tr. v. Fed. 13 Nat'l Mortg.
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1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 6 * * *
7 PARADISE HARBOR PLACE TRUST, Case No. 2:22-CV-313 JCM (EJY)
8 Plaintiff(s), ORDER
9 v.
10 BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
11 Defendant(s).
12 13 Presently before the court is defendant Bank of America N.A.’s motion to dismiss 14 plaintiff Paradise Harbor Place Trust’s complaint. (ECF No. 25). Plaintiff filed a response (ECF 15 No. 26), to which defendant replied (ECF No. 27). 16 I. Background 17 This matter arises from a dispute regarding the foreclosure sale of real property located at 18 2601 Vendange Place, Henderson, Nevada, 89044 (the “property”). (ECF No. 5 at 1). In 2008, a 19 deed of trust was recorded against the property. (ECF No. 1). In summer of 2012, non-party 20 Vendange Place Trust purchased the property at a foreclosure sale for $6,350.00 and then 21 transferred it to plaintiff. (ECF No. 25). On August 29, 2012, the deed of trust was assigned to 22 defendant. (ECF No. 1). 23 In 2019, in another matter between these parties concerning the property, this court held 24 that “the homeowners association’s non-judicial foreclosure sale conducted on June 8, 2012[,] 25 did not extinguish the deed of trust, and the property located at 2601 Vendange Place in 26 Henderson, Nevada remains subject to the deed of trust.” Bank of America, N.A. v. Madeira 27 Canyon Homeowners’ Association et al., Case No. 2:16-cv-00444-APG-NJK, ECF No. 86 (D. 28 Nev. Nov. 13, 2019). 1 On October 27, 2021, defendant caused a notice of default and election to cause sale of 2 the property under the deed of trust to be recorded because no payments had been made on the 3 deed of trust since 2010. See (ECF No. 1). Then, on January 31, 2022, defendant recorded a 4 notice of trustee’s sale for the property. (Id.) 5 On January 28, 2022, plaintiff brought this suit in Nevada state court asserting claims 6 against BANA for 1) quiet title/declaratory relief, 2) slander of title, 3) fraud/misrepresentation, 7 4) recission, and 5) unjust enrichment. (ECF No. 1-1). Defendant then timely removed this 8 matter to this court. (ECF No. 1). Defendant now seeks to dismiss the complaint in its entirety. 9 (ECF No. 25). 10 II. Legal Standard 11 A court may dismiss a complaint for “failure to state a claim upon which relief can be 12 granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A properly pled complaint must provide “[a] short and plain 13 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2); Bell 14 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). While Rule 8 does not require detailed 15 factual allegations, it demands “more than labels and conclusions” or a “formulaic recitation of 16 the elements of a cause of action.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citation 17 omitted). 18 “Factual allegations must be enough to rise above the speculative level.” Twombly, 550 19 U.S. at 555. Thus, to survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual 20 matter to “state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citation 21 omitted). 22 In Iqbal, the Supreme Court clarified the two-step approach district courts are to apply 23 when considering motions to dismiss. First, the court must accept as true all well-pled factual 24 allegations in the complaint; however, legal conclusions are not entitled to the assumption of 25 truth. Id. at 678–79. Mere recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported only by 26 conclusory statements, do not suffice. Id. at 678. 27 Second, the court must consider whether the factual allegations in the complaint allege a 28 plausible claim for relief. Id. at 679. A claim is facially plausible when the plaintiff’s complaint 1 alleges facts that allow the court to draw a reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for 2 the alleged misconduct. Id. at 678. 3 Where the complaint does not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of 4 misconduct, the complaint has “alleged—but not shown—that the pleader is entitled to relief.” 5 Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). When the allegations in a complaint have not crossed the 6 line from conceivable to plausible, plaintiff's claim must be dismissed. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 7 570. 8 The Ninth Circuit addressed post-Iqbal pleading standards in Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 9 1202, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011). The Starr court stated, in relevant part: First, to be entitled to the presumption of truth, allegations in a complaint or counterclaim 10 may not simply recite the elements of a cause of action, but must contain sufficient 11 allegations of underlying facts to give fair notice and to enable the opposing party to defend itself effectively. Second, the factual allegations that are taken as true must 12 plausibly suggest an entitlement to relief, such that it is not unfair to require the opposing party to be subjected to the expense of discovery and continued litigation. 13 Id. 14 If the court grants a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, it should grant leave to amend 15 unless the deficiencies cannot be cured by amendment. DeSoto v. Yellow Freight Sys., Inc., 957 16 F.2d 655, 658 (9th Cir. 1992). Under Rule 15(a), the court should “freely” give leave to amend 17 “when justice so requires,” and absent “undue delay, bad faith, or dilatory motive on the part of 18 the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by amendments . . . undue prejudice to the 19 opposing party . . . futility of the amendment, etc.” Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962). 20 The court should grant leave to amend “even if no request to amend the pleading was made.” 21 Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (internal quotation marks 22 omitted). 23 III. Discussion 24 Defendant moves to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint for failure to state a claim. Principally, 25 plaintiff claims that a letter (which is neither in this court’s record, nor publicly recorded in any 26 fashion) accelerated the debt sometime in the fall of 2010. (ECF No. 26). Therefore, according 27 to plaintiff, the deed of trust was presumed satisfied ten years later in fall 2020, pursuant to 28 Nevada’s ancient lien statute. See Nev. Rev. Stat. § 106.240. 1 Plaintiff’s argument relies on a tenuous interpretation of Nevada law. It bases its 2 contentions on a “phantom” notice of default that it does not even know with certainty exists in 3 this case, and that this court has already addressed with skepticism. See (ECF No. 16 at 4, fn. 2). 4 Because plaintiff has not, and cannot, show an affirmative recorded acceleration of the debt 5 before the 2021 notice of default, its claims fail as a matter of law and must be dismissed, with 6 prejudice. 7 “Acceleration is seldom implied, and courts usually require that an acceleration be 8 exercised in a manner so clear and unequivocal that it leaves no doubt as to the lender’s 9 intention.” Clayton v. Gardner, 813 P.2d 997, 999 (Nev. 1991). An amorphous allegation that a 10 general practice resulted in a letter being sent to the homeowner is nowhere near the clarity and 11 certainty the Nevada Supreme Court requires for acceleration. 12 The Ninth Circuit has squarely foreclosed plaintiff’s argument. See Daisy Tr. v. Fed. 13 Nat'l Mortg. Ass'n, No. 21-15595, 2022 WL 874634, at *1-2 (9th Cir. Mar. 24, 2022). 14 “[A]cceleration cannot occur until the conclusion of the 35-day period allotted for the borrower 15 to cure the deficiency—and [] this period does not begin to run until the notice of default has 16 been recorded.” Id at *2. Here, there was no notice of default recorded until 2021, meaning the 17 debt would not be extinguished under the ancient lien statute until 2031, if at all. 18 Thus, plaintiff’s complaint must be dismissed. The debt under the deed of trust was 19 never accelerated and plaintiff’s rights to the property are not superior to defendant’s. Since 20 defendant holds a valid interest under the deed of trust, plaintiff’s attendant claims for slander of 21 title, fraud, and equitable relief must also be dismissed. 22 Further, plaintiff fails to state a claim for unjust enrichment. To state a claim for unjust 23 enrichment, a plaintiff must allege (1) a benefit conferred on the defendant by the plaintiff; (2) 24 appreciation of the benefit by the defendant; and (3) acceptance and retention of the benefit by 25 the defendant (4) in circumstances where it would be inequitable to retain the benefit without 26 payment. See Leasepartners Corp., Inc. v. Robert L. Brooks Trust, 942 P.2d 182, 187 (Nev. 27 1997). 28 1 Plaintiff’s claim fails on the fourth factor. It is not inequitable for defendant to retain the 2 conferred benefit. Plaintiff is the record owner of the title, subject to defendant’s valid deed of 3 trust. It has an obligation to maintain the property and to pay the necessary taxes and fees to 4 preserve the property, and it knew of that obligation given that this court has previously 5 determined that defendant’s deed of trust was valid. See Bank of America, N.A. v. Madeira 6 Canyon Homeowners’ Association et al., Case No. 2:16-cv-00444-APG-NJK, ECF No. 86 (D. 7 Nev. Nov. 13, 2019). Plaintiff cannot now claim it is owed recompense for what it was legally 8 obligated to do, nor can it claim it is owed for “improvements” it made to the property when it 9 made those improvements voluntarily. See Restatement (Third) of Restitution and Unjust 10 Enrichment § 2 cmt. d. 11 Although “[t]he court should freely give leave when justice so requires,” the court is not 12 obligated to do so. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). The court need not give leave to amend where “it 13 determines that the pleading could not possibly be cured by the allegation of other facts.” Lopez 14 v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 (9th Cir. 2000) (quoting Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 15 (9th Cir. 1995)). Thus, “leave to amend may be denied if it appears to be futile or legally 16 insufficient.” Miller v. Rykoff-Sexton, Inc., 845 F.2d 209, 214 (9th Cir. 1988) (citing Gabrielson 17 v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 785 F.2d 762, 766 (9th Cir. 1986)). The standard to be applied 18 when determining the legal sufficiency of a proposed amendment is identical to that on a motion 19 to dismiss for failure to state a claim. Id. 20 Determining that plaintiff’s claims fail as a matter of law, the court finds that granting 21 plaintiff leave to amend would be futile. There was never a recorded acceleration of the deed of 22 trust. Given that, plaintiff cannot state a claim for relief, and defendant holds a valid interest in 23 the property. The court thus dismisses the complaint in its entirety, with prejudice. 24 IV. Conclusion 25 Accordingly, 26 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED that defendant’s motion to 27 dismiss (ECF No. 25) be, and the same hereby is, GRANTED. 28 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiff's complaint be, and the same hereby 2| 1s, DISMISSED, with prejudice. 3 DATED November 7, 2022. 4 J a itas C. Aalan 5 UNITED*STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
es C. Mahan District Judge -6-