This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-1704
Pamela Powell, individually, and on behalf of her minor child, Grace Powell Hernandez, Appellant,
vs.
Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Human Services, Respondent,
Carver County, Respondent.
Filed March 9, 2015 Affirmed Chutich, Judge
Carver County District Court File No. 10-CV-14-407
Pamela Powell, Chanhassen, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, Patricia A. Sonnenberg, Assistant Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent Commissioner of Minnesota Department of Human Services)
Mark Metz, Carver County Attorney, Dawn M. O’Rourke, Assistant County Attorney, Chaska, Minnesota (for respondent Carver County)
Considered and decided by Rodenberg, Presiding Judge; Cleary, Chief Judge; and
Chutich, Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
CHUTICH, Judge
Appellant Pamela Powell challenges the district court’s dismissal of her appeal for
lack of subject-matter jurisdiction because of her failure to timely serve respondents
Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Human Services (the commissioner) and
Carver County. Because we conclude that Powell failed to serve the commissioner and
Carver County within the permitted timeframe of Minnesota Statutes section 256.045,
subdivision 7 (2012), we affirm.
FACTS
In July 2013, Carver County sent Powell a written notice sanctioning her
Minnesota Family Investment Program benefits because she failed to comply with the
employment plan that Carver County had created for her. Powell had previously met
with a Carver County job counselor to develop an employment plan but refused to
comply with the plan, claiming that it needed to include the same educational component
as her previous plan in Freeborn County.
Powell appealed Carver County’s decision to the Minnesota Department of
Human Services. A human-services judge held a two-day evidentiary hearing and issued
a recommended order affirming Carver County’s decision. The human-services judge
determined that it was within Carver County’s discretion to develop an employment plan
distinct from Freeborn County and that Powell’s failure to comply with Carver County’s
plan warranted sanctions.
2 On March 12, 2014, the commissioner adopted the human-services judge’s
recommended order. The commissioner’s final order was mailed to Powell, and a
document was attached informing Powell that she could (1) request reconsideration, or
(2) appeal to the district court. It further explained that if she appealed, she was required
to serve a notice of appeal “upon the other parties and the Commissioner” within 30 days
of the date of the decision. The document also referred her to the statutory requirements
for filing an appeal.
Powell appealed the commissioner’s order to the district court. On April 10, 2014,
Powell hand-delivered a document titled “Notice of Late or Incomplete Household
Report Form” to a Carver County agent. Powell had written on the top of the document,
“THESE MATTERS ARE STAYED ON APPEAL!!” That same day, Powell also filed a
22-page notice of appeal with the district court.
On April 21, 2014, the district court sent Powell a discrepancy notice, stating that
she needed to complete and file affidavits of service on the defendants. On May 15,
2014, Powell completed affidavits of service to show that she had served notices of
appeal on both defendants by mail on May 15.
Carver County moved to dismiss Powell’s appeal for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction, arguing that she did not timely serve Carver County or the commissioner
within 30 days as required by Minnesota Statutes section 256.045, subdivision 7. The
district court granted Carver County’s motion to dismiss, concluding that Powell had
failed to serve either Carver County or the commissioner with a notice of appeal by the
statutory deadline of April 14, 2014. The district court calculated the April 14 statutory
3 deadline by adding 33 days1 to March 12—the date that the commissioner signed the
final order.
The district court acknowledged that Powell had properly filed a notice of appeal
with the district court but concluded that her obligations to serve the defendants with
notices of appeal were separate requirements that she did not complete. The district court
then dismissed Powell’s appeal for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Powell appealed.
DECISION
Powell argues that the district court erred when it dismissed her appeal. Carver
County and the commissioner contend, and we agree, that Powell’s failure to timely serve
the respondents with a notice of appeal properly resulted in the dismissal of her appeal.
When an aggrieved party fails to appeal a state agency decision within the
statutorily prescribed time limits, the appeal is properly dismissed for a lack of
jurisdiction. Reynolds, 737 N.W.2d at 369. Subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of
law that this court reviews de novo. Tischer v. Hous. & Redevelopment Auth. of
Cambridge, 693 N.W.2d 426, 428 (Minn. 2005).
Minnesota Statutes section 256.045, subdivision 7, states that
any party who is aggrieved by an order of the commissioner of human services . . . may appeal the order to the district court of the county responsible for furnishing assistance . . . by serving a written copy of a notice of appeal upon the commissioner and any adverse party of record
1 Because the commissioner’s signed order was issued by mail, Powell had three additional days to serve the respondents. Reynolds v. Minn. Dept. of Human Servs., 737 N.W.2d 367, 370 (Minn. App. 2007) (concluding that Minnesota Rule of Civil Procedure 6.05 extends the 30-day timeline in section 256.045, subdivision 7, by three days when the commissioner issues a decision by mail).
4 within 30 days after the date the commissioner issued the order.
The commissioner’s order was an agency decision, and it was signed on March 12,
2014. Powell, as the aggrieved party appealing, had 33 days to serve the commissioner
and any adverse party with a notice of appeal. See Minn. Stat. § 256.045, subd. 7; Minn.
R. Civ. P. 6.05. Thirty-three days, added to the March 12 signing date, meant that Powell
was required to serve the commissioner and Carver County with a notice of appeal by
April 14, 2014.
Powell did not serve either Carver County or the commissioner with a notice of
appeal by April 14. And failure to appeal an agency’s decision within the timeframe
provided in the statute results in a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction. See Reynolds, 737
N.W.2d at 369. Accordingly, the district court properly dismissed Powell’s appeal for a
lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
Powell contends that the notice of appeal she filed on April 10 with the district
court simultaneously satisfied her requirement to serve respondents. But as the district
court notes, service and filing are separate requirements. See, e.g., Minn. R. Civ. P. 5
(“Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Papers”). Moreover, the plain language of
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-1704
Pamela Powell, individually, and on behalf of her minor child, Grace Powell Hernandez, Appellant,
vs.
Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Human Services, Respondent,
Carver County, Respondent.
Filed March 9, 2015 Affirmed Chutich, Judge
Carver County District Court File No. 10-CV-14-407
Pamela Powell, Chanhassen, Minnesota (pro se appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, Patricia A. Sonnenberg, Assistant Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent Commissioner of Minnesota Department of Human Services)
Mark Metz, Carver County Attorney, Dawn M. O’Rourke, Assistant County Attorney, Chaska, Minnesota (for respondent Carver County)
Considered and decided by Rodenberg, Presiding Judge; Cleary, Chief Judge; and
Chutich, Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
CHUTICH, Judge
Appellant Pamela Powell challenges the district court’s dismissal of her appeal for
lack of subject-matter jurisdiction because of her failure to timely serve respondents
Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Human Services (the commissioner) and
Carver County. Because we conclude that Powell failed to serve the commissioner and
Carver County within the permitted timeframe of Minnesota Statutes section 256.045,
subdivision 7 (2012), we affirm.
FACTS
In July 2013, Carver County sent Powell a written notice sanctioning her
Minnesota Family Investment Program benefits because she failed to comply with the
employment plan that Carver County had created for her. Powell had previously met
with a Carver County job counselor to develop an employment plan but refused to
comply with the plan, claiming that it needed to include the same educational component
as her previous plan in Freeborn County.
Powell appealed Carver County’s decision to the Minnesota Department of
Human Services. A human-services judge held a two-day evidentiary hearing and issued
a recommended order affirming Carver County’s decision. The human-services judge
determined that it was within Carver County’s discretion to develop an employment plan
distinct from Freeborn County and that Powell’s failure to comply with Carver County’s
plan warranted sanctions.
2 On March 12, 2014, the commissioner adopted the human-services judge’s
recommended order. The commissioner’s final order was mailed to Powell, and a
document was attached informing Powell that she could (1) request reconsideration, or
(2) appeal to the district court. It further explained that if she appealed, she was required
to serve a notice of appeal “upon the other parties and the Commissioner” within 30 days
of the date of the decision. The document also referred her to the statutory requirements
for filing an appeal.
Powell appealed the commissioner’s order to the district court. On April 10, 2014,
Powell hand-delivered a document titled “Notice of Late or Incomplete Household
Report Form” to a Carver County agent. Powell had written on the top of the document,
“THESE MATTERS ARE STAYED ON APPEAL!!” That same day, Powell also filed a
22-page notice of appeal with the district court.
On April 21, 2014, the district court sent Powell a discrepancy notice, stating that
she needed to complete and file affidavits of service on the defendants. On May 15,
2014, Powell completed affidavits of service to show that she had served notices of
appeal on both defendants by mail on May 15.
Carver County moved to dismiss Powell’s appeal for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction, arguing that she did not timely serve Carver County or the commissioner
within 30 days as required by Minnesota Statutes section 256.045, subdivision 7. The
district court granted Carver County’s motion to dismiss, concluding that Powell had
failed to serve either Carver County or the commissioner with a notice of appeal by the
statutory deadline of April 14, 2014. The district court calculated the April 14 statutory
3 deadline by adding 33 days1 to March 12—the date that the commissioner signed the
final order.
The district court acknowledged that Powell had properly filed a notice of appeal
with the district court but concluded that her obligations to serve the defendants with
notices of appeal were separate requirements that she did not complete. The district court
then dismissed Powell’s appeal for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Powell appealed.
DECISION
Powell argues that the district court erred when it dismissed her appeal. Carver
County and the commissioner contend, and we agree, that Powell’s failure to timely serve
the respondents with a notice of appeal properly resulted in the dismissal of her appeal.
When an aggrieved party fails to appeal a state agency decision within the
statutorily prescribed time limits, the appeal is properly dismissed for a lack of
jurisdiction. Reynolds, 737 N.W.2d at 369. Subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of
law that this court reviews de novo. Tischer v. Hous. & Redevelopment Auth. of
Cambridge, 693 N.W.2d 426, 428 (Minn. 2005).
Minnesota Statutes section 256.045, subdivision 7, states that
any party who is aggrieved by an order of the commissioner of human services . . . may appeal the order to the district court of the county responsible for furnishing assistance . . . by serving a written copy of a notice of appeal upon the commissioner and any adverse party of record
1 Because the commissioner’s signed order was issued by mail, Powell had three additional days to serve the respondents. Reynolds v. Minn. Dept. of Human Servs., 737 N.W.2d 367, 370 (Minn. App. 2007) (concluding that Minnesota Rule of Civil Procedure 6.05 extends the 30-day timeline in section 256.045, subdivision 7, by three days when the commissioner issues a decision by mail).
4 within 30 days after the date the commissioner issued the order.
The commissioner’s order was an agency decision, and it was signed on March 12,
2014. Powell, as the aggrieved party appealing, had 33 days to serve the commissioner
and any adverse party with a notice of appeal. See Minn. Stat. § 256.045, subd. 7; Minn.
R. Civ. P. 6.05. Thirty-three days, added to the March 12 signing date, meant that Powell
was required to serve the commissioner and Carver County with a notice of appeal by
April 14, 2014.
Powell did not serve either Carver County or the commissioner with a notice of
appeal by April 14. And failure to appeal an agency’s decision within the timeframe
provided in the statute results in a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction. See Reynolds, 737
N.W.2d at 369. Accordingly, the district court properly dismissed Powell’s appeal for a
lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
Powell contends that the notice of appeal she filed on April 10 with the district
court simultaneously satisfied her requirement to serve respondents. But as the district
court notes, service and filing are separate requirements. See, e.g., Minn. R. Civ. P. 5
(“Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Papers”). Moreover, the plain language of
section 256.045, subdivision 7, explicitly required Powell to serve a written copy of her
notice of appeal on the commissioner and any other adverse party of record. Powell did
not serve either the commissioner or Carver County within the permitted time period.
Powell further argues that she properly served Carver County with a notice of
appeal on April 10 when she hand-delivered a document titled “Notice of Late or
5 Incomplete Household Report Form” to an agent of Carver County. At the top of this
document, Powell had written, “THESE MATTERS ARE STAYED ON APPEAL!!”
The document Powell delivered to Carver County on April 10 was a social-
services notice informing Powell that her medical services were subject to termination.
Powell claims that her handwritten notations at the top of the document were sufficient to
transform it into a notice of appeal. We disagree. Section 256.045, subdivision 7,
required Powell to serve an actual notice of appeal on the respondents: a document
unrelated to her appeal with her handwritten notations was simply not sufficient to place
Carver County on notice of her appeal. We recognize that Powell is proceeding without
an attorney, and while some leeway is given to a person who represents herself, we may
not excuse her failure to comply with this fundamental procedural requirement. See State
v. Seifert, 423 N.W.2d 368, 372 (Minn. 1988).
Powell also claims that the district court judge was biased and the dismissal of her
claim should be reversed because the judge was a former Carver County assistant
attorney, the judge colluded with the respondents, the judge engaged in a fraud and
cover-up throughout her appeal, and the judge was appointed by the governor.
These allegations of judicial bias are meritless. The law presumes that a district
court judge can put aside previous legal employment and whatever loyalties it may have
created. In re Jacobs, 791 N.W.2d 300, 302 (Minn. App. 2010), aff’d, 802 N.W.2d 748
(Minn. 2011). And nothing in the record shows that the judge was biased here: the
district court heard Powell’s arguments, allowed her to submit evidence, and properly
dismissed her appeal for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
6 Powell’s dissatisfaction with the district court judge appears to stem from the
adverse ruling she received. But receiving an adverse ruling is not a proper basis for
imputing bias to the district court judge. Ag Servs. of Am., Inc. v. Schroeder, 693 N.W.2d
227, 236-37 (Minn. App. 2005). Moreover, judicial bias does not exist merely because a
governor appoints a district court judge; the law directs the governor to do so. Minn.
Stat. § 480B.01, subd. 1 (2014).
Powell asserts several additional arguments as to why the district court erred in
dismissing her appeal, but all of these arguments are without merit. Accordingly, we
conclude that the district court properly dismissed her appeal for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction.
Affirmed.