UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS URBANA DIVISION
RONALD PALM, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) 23-2174 ) FELICIA ADAMS, et al. ) ) Defendants. )
MERIT REVIEW ORDER Plaintiff, proceeding pro se and presently incarcerated at Danville Correctional Center, was granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis. The case is now before the Court for a merit review of Plaintiff’s claims. The Court must “screen” Plaintiff’s complaint, and through such process to identify and dismiss any legally insufficient claim, or the entire action if warranted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. A claim is legally insufficient if it “(1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.” Id. The Court accepts the factual allegations as true, liberally construing them in the plaintiff's favor. Turley v. Rednour, 729 F.3d 645, 649 (7th Cir. 2013). Conclusory statements and labels are insufficient—the facts alleged must “state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.” Alexander v. U.S., 721 F.3d 418, 422 (7th Cir. 2013) (citation omitted). Plaintiff alleges that he is a member of the Islam faith. Plaintiff alleges that Christian inmates are permitted to earn sentence credits under Illinois law for their participation in a religious program run by Divine Hope Seminary, a non-accredited program. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Atkins and Miller denied his requests to earn sentence credits via participation in Islamic correspondence courses offered through the also non-accredited Tayba Foundation. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants’ refusal to permit him access to a comparable program through which he can earn sentence credits violates the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) and the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment. Prison officials potentially violate RLUIPA and the Free Exercise Clause when their
actions substantially burden an inmate’s sincerely held religious beliefs. 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc– 1(a); Thompson v. Holm, 809 F.3d 376, 379-80 (7th Cir. 2016). Plaintiff does not allege that Defendants prevented him from participating in the Islamic correspondence course or that participation is a central tenet of his faith. Absent more information regarding how the denials affected Plaintiff’s ability to practice his religion, the Court finds that Plaintiff fails to state a claim under RLUIPA or the Free Exercise Clause. Prison officials, however, may not favor one religion over another without a legitimate secular reason, regardless of whether their actions impose a substantial burden on an inmate’s ability to practice his religion. Kaufman v. McCaughtry, 419 F.3d 678, 683 (7th Cir. 2005) (“The
Establishment Clause also prohibits the government from favoring one religion over another without a legitimate secular reason.”); Kaufman v. Pugh, 733 F.3d 692, 696 (7th Cir. 2013) (“[T]he Establishment Clause may be violated even without a substantial burden on religious practice…”). The Court finds that Plaintiff’s allegations that Defendants permit Christian inmates the ability to earn sentence credits through completion of religious programs while denying other religions the ability to do the same states a plausible claim under the Establishment Clause. Because Plaintiff’s claims may involve allegations that implicate the duration of his sentence, Plaintiff’s exclusive remedy may be a habeas corpus action, Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 500 (1973) (habeas corpus is the exclusive remedy for individuals challenging a fact or duration of confinement and seeking immediate or speedier release from custody), but that determination should await a more developed record. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED: 1. Pursuant to its merit review of the Complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the court finds that the plaintiff states a First Amendment Establishment Clause claim against Defendants Atkins and Miller. Any additional claims shall not be included in the case, except at the court’s discretion on motion by a party for good cause shown or pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15. 2. This case is now in the process of service. The plaintiff is advised to wait until counsel has appeared for the defendants before filing any motions, in order to give notice to the defendants and an opportunity to respond to those motions. Motions filed before defendants' counsel has filed an appearance will generally be denied as premature. The plaintiff need not submit any evidence to the court at this time, unless otherwise directed by the court. 3. The court will attempt service on the defendants by mailing each defendant a waiver of service. The defendants have 60 days from the date the waiver is sent to file an answer. If the defendants have not filed answers or appeared through counsel within 90 days of the entry of this order, the plaintiff may file a motion requesting the status of service. After the defendants have been served, the court will enter an order setting discovery and dispositive motion deadlines. 4. With respect to a defendant who no longer works at the address provided by the plaintiff, the entity for whom that defendant worked while at that address shall provide to the clerk said defendant's current work address, or, if not known, said defendant's forwarding address. This information shall be used only for effectuating service. Documentation of forwarding addresses shall be retained only by the clerk and shall not be maintained in the public docket nor disclosed by the clerk. 5. The defendants shall file an answer within 60 days of the date the waiver is sent by the clerk. A motion to dismiss is not an answer. The answer should include all defenses appropriate under the Federal Rules. The answer and subsequent pleadings shall be to the issues and claims stated in this opinion. In general, an answer sets forth the defendants' positions. The court does not rule on the merits of those positions unless and until a motion is filed by the defendants. Therefore, no response to the answer is necessary or will be considered. 6. This district uses electronic filing, which means that, after defense counsel has filed an appearance, defense counsel will automatically receive electronic notice of any motion or other paper filed by the plaintiff with the clerk. The plaintiff does not need to mail to defense counsel copies of motions and other papers that the plaintiff has filed with the clerk. However, this does not apply to discovery requests and responses. Discovery requests and responses are not filed with the clerk. The plaintiff must mail his discovery requests and responses directly to defendants' counsel. Discovery requests or responses sent to the clerk will be returned unfiled, unless they are attached to and the subject of a motion to compel.
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS URBANA DIVISION
RONALD PALM, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) 23-2174 ) FELICIA ADAMS, et al. ) ) Defendants. )
MERIT REVIEW ORDER Plaintiff, proceeding pro se and presently incarcerated at Danville Correctional Center, was granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis. The case is now before the Court for a merit review of Plaintiff’s claims. The Court must “screen” Plaintiff’s complaint, and through such process to identify and dismiss any legally insufficient claim, or the entire action if warranted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. A claim is legally insufficient if it “(1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.” Id. The Court accepts the factual allegations as true, liberally construing them in the plaintiff's favor. Turley v. Rednour, 729 F.3d 645, 649 (7th Cir. 2013). Conclusory statements and labels are insufficient—the facts alleged must “state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.” Alexander v. U.S., 721 F.3d 418, 422 (7th Cir. 2013) (citation omitted). Plaintiff alleges that he is a member of the Islam faith. Plaintiff alleges that Christian inmates are permitted to earn sentence credits under Illinois law for their participation in a religious program run by Divine Hope Seminary, a non-accredited program. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Atkins and Miller denied his requests to earn sentence credits via participation in Islamic correspondence courses offered through the also non-accredited Tayba Foundation. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants’ refusal to permit him access to a comparable program through which he can earn sentence credits violates the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) and the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment. Prison officials potentially violate RLUIPA and the Free Exercise Clause when their
actions substantially burden an inmate’s sincerely held religious beliefs. 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc– 1(a); Thompson v. Holm, 809 F.3d 376, 379-80 (7th Cir. 2016). Plaintiff does not allege that Defendants prevented him from participating in the Islamic correspondence course or that participation is a central tenet of his faith. Absent more information regarding how the denials affected Plaintiff’s ability to practice his religion, the Court finds that Plaintiff fails to state a claim under RLUIPA or the Free Exercise Clause. Prison officials, however, may not favor one religion over another without a legitimate secular reason, regardless of whether their actions impose a substantial burden on an inmate’s ability to practice his religion. Kaufman v. McCaughtry, 419 F.3d 678, 683 (7th Cir. 2005) (“The
Establishment Clause also prohibits the government from favoring one religion over another without a legitimate secular reason.”); Kaufman v. Pugh, 733 F.3d 692, 696 (7th Cir. 2013) (“[T]he Establishment Clause may be violated even without a substantial burden on religious practice…”). The Court finds that Plaintiff’s allegations that Defendants permit Christian inmates the ability to earn sentence credits through completion of religious programs while denying other religions the ability to do the same states a plausible claim under the Establishment Clause. Because Plaintiff’s claims may involve allegations that implicate the duration of his sentence, Plaintiff’s exclusive remedy may be a habeas corpus action, Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 500 (1973) (habeas corpus is the exclusive remedy for individuals challenging a fact or duration of confinement and seeking immediate or speedier release from custody), but that determination should await a more developed record. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED: 1. Pursuant to its merit review of the Complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the court finds that the plaintiff states a First Amendment Establishment Clause claim against Defendants Atkins and Miller. Any additional claims shall not be included in the case, except at the court’s discretion on motion by a party for good cause shown or pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15. 2. This case is now in the process of service. The plaintiff is advised to wait until counsel has appeared for the defendants before filing any motions, in order to give notice to the defendants and an opportunity to respond to those motions. Motions filed before defendants' counsel has filed an appearance will generally be denied as premature. The plaintiff need not submit any evidence to the court at this time, unless otherwise directed by the court. 3. The court will attempt service on the defendants by mailing each defendant a waiver of service. The defendants have 60 days from the date the waiver is sent to file an answer. If the defendants have not filed answers or appeared through counsel within 90 days of the entry of this order, the plaintiff may file a motion requesting the status of service. After the defendants have been served, the court will enter an order setting discovery and dispositive motion deadlines. 4. With respect to a defendant who no longer works at the address provided by the plaintiff, the entity for whom that defendant worked while at that address shall provide to the clerk said defendant's current work address, or, if not known, said defendant's forwarding address. This information shall be used only for effectuating service. Documentation of forwarding addresses shall be retained only by the clerk and shall not be maintained in the public docket nor disclosed by the clerk. 5. The defendants shall file an answer within 60 days of the date the waiver is sent by the clerk. A motion to dismiss is not an answer. The answer should include all defenses appropriate under the Federal Rules. The answer and subsequent pleadings shall be to the issues and claims stated in this opinion. In general, an answer sets forth the defendants' positions. The court does not rule on the merits of those positions unless and until a motion is filed by the defendants. Therefore, no response to the answer is necessary or will be considered. 6. This district uses electronic filing, which means that, after defense counsel has filed an appearance, defense counsel will automatically receive electronic notice of any motion or other paper filed by the plaintiff with the clerk. The plaintiff does not need to mail to defense counsel copies of motions and other papers that the plaintiff has filed with the clerk. However, this does not apply to discovery requests and responses. Discovery requests and responses are not filed with the clerk. The plaintiff must mail his discovery requests and responses directly to defendants' counsel. Discovery requests or responses sent to the clerk will be returned unfiled, unless they are attached to and the subject of a motion to compel. Discovery does not begin until defense counsel has filed an appearance and the court has entered a scheduling order, which will explain the discovery process in more detail. 7. Counsel for the defendants is hereby granted leave to depose the plaintiff at his place of confinement. Counsel for the defendants shall arrange the time for the deposition. 8. The plaintiff shall immediately notify the court, in writing, of any change in his mailing address and telephone number. The plaintiff's failure to notify the court of a change in mailing address or phone number will result in dismissal of this lawsuit, with prejudice. 9. If a defendant fails to sign and return a waiver of service to the clerk within 30 days after the waiver is sent, the court will take appropriate steps to effect formal service through the U.S. Marshals service on that defendant and will require that defendant to pay the full costs of formal service pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(d)(2). 10. The clerk is directed to enter the standard qualified protective order pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. 11. The clerk is directed to attempt service on Felicia Atkins and Marcia Miller pursuant to the standard procedures. Entered this 18th day of October, 2023.
s/Sara Darrow SARA DARROW CHIEF U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE