Overton v. Garland

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: February 16, 2024
• Docket: 22-1249
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 16 2024 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

AOUA NATOMA OVERTON, No. 22-1249 Agency No. Petitioner, A096-433-169 v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted October 5, 2023** Las Vegas, Nevada

Before: RAWLINSON and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and PREGERSON, District Judge.***

Aoua Natoma Overton (“Overton”), a native and citizen of Mali, petitions

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Dean D. Pregerson, United States District Judge for the Central District of California, sitting by designation. for review of a decision from the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) denying

her motion to reopen. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review the

BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion and will uphold the

BIA’s decision unless it acted “arbitrarily, irrationally, or contrary to law.”

Ghahremani v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 993, 997 (9th Cir. 2007) (citation omitted). We

deny the petition for review.

Generally, a movant is limited to one motion to reopen, which must be filed

“within 90 days of the date of entry of a final administrative order of removal.” 8

U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(A), (c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). However, equitable

tolling of the deadlines and numerical limits for a motion to reopen is “available

when a petitioner is prevented from filing because of deception, fraud, or error,

which includes receiving ineffective assistance of counsel, as long as the petitioner

acts with due diligence in discovering the deception, fraud, or error.” Perez-

Camacho v. Garland, 54 F.4th 597, 606 (9th Cir. 2022) (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted). The equitable tolling period ends when the petitioner

“definitively learns of the harm resulting from counsel’s deficiency, or obtains

‘vital information bearing on the existence of [the] claim.’” Avagyan v. Holder,

646 F.3d 672, 679 (9th Cir. 2011) (citation omitted). In many cases, equitable

tolling ceases when the movant “obtains a complete record of his immigration

proceedings and is able to review that information with competent counsel.” Id.

2 22-1249 Overton definitively learned of potential ineffective assistance by prior

counsels on November 12, 2018, when she met with current counsel and “[he]

explained [his] initial conclusions to [Overton] and explained that [he] would now

be recommending that she file a motion to reopen based on multiple grounds

including based on deficient performance of [her] prior counsels.” The

supplemental evidence and argument submitted to the BIA to support the motion to

reopen specifically states, “[Overton] definitively learned of prior counsels’ errors

on November 12, 2018 . . . .” However, Overton did not file her motion to reopen

until February 21, 2019. We agree with the BIA’s determination that “[e]ven if the

filing deadline were tolled until discovery of the alleged ineffectiveness, [the

motion to reopen] would still be untimely,” as it was filed more than 90 days after

Overton learned of prior counsels’ alleged ineffective assistance.

To the extent that Overton now argues that tolling is warranted until some

other unspecified date, this argument was never presented to the BIA and is,

therefore, waived. See Santos-Zacaria v. Garland, 598 U.S. 411, 423 (2023)

(holding that, although 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1)’s exhaustion requirement is not

jurisdictional, it is still subject to the rules regarding waiver and forfeiture);

Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 550 (9th Cir. 2023) (declining to

3 22-1249 consider issue that the petitioner failed to exhaust before the BIA).1

The stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

1 Because the BIA’s dispositive determination that the motion to reopen was untimely is not arbitrary, irrational, or contrary to law, we need not review its determination regarding Overton’s claims of ineffective assistance of counsel.

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