Mr. Chief Justice Wolverton,
after making the foregoing statement of the facts, delivered the opinion.
1. There was submitted by respondent with the case upon the merits a motion to strike out the testimony because the same had not been certified to by the presiding judge within ten days after the entry of decree, [6]*6as required by law, * and another, to require the clerk of the court below to certify up a copy of a nunc pro tunc order entered in pursuance of the stipulation of plaintiff and the defendant Osgood relative to the issues upon the supplemental complaint. The latter motion will be allowed, but the other must be overruled, as the testimony and exhibits are all here, and the delay of a few days by the trial judge in certifying thereto has not deprived respondent of any rights on appeal.
2. The objection is made here for the first time that the supplemental complaint was filed without leave of the court first had and obtained. It was by virtue of such complaint that Neustadter Bros, were made parties to the suit, and, if available at all, the objection should have been made by motion to strike the complaint from the files; but, having answered to the merits, they waived it.
3. It is next contended that it was incompetent for the court to permit the amendment of the supplemental complaint at the trial, and the reason now urged is that it completely changes the cause of suit and makes a new case. The sole ground for the objection urged at the time was that the request came too late for the court to grant the leave or direct the amendment, and it may be questioned whether the appellants can now found the objection upon any other ground. However this may be, we do not think that the weightier reason now relied upon is potent for their purpose. The cause of suit, as stated in the original and supplemental complaint, is, in substance, that the lots were conveyed by plaintiff to Osgood upon his promise to reconvey them at any time she might request, and that he has refused to fulfill his agreement in that respect. There is an element of mala [7]*7fieles in the transaction, and it would seem to sound in tort; but that the transaction is the same as the one attempted to be set up by the amended supplemental complaint no one can doubt. Both complaints set up trust relations between the defendant Osgood and the plaintiff concerning the lots. In the one, he is alleged to have obtained the property through false representations that he would reconvey it at plaintiff’s request; and the other, simply through representations that it was incumbered, and that, if plaintiff would convey to him, he would discharge the incumbrance and reconvey when he had been reimbursed. The allegations in either case are of the same transaction, between the same parties, and the purpose one and the same; that is, to relieve the property of the trust obligations, and to reinstate the plaintiff’s legal title. In this view, the cause of suit was not substantially changed by the amendment, nor can it be considered a new case ; and therefore the objection is not well assigned.
4. The main contention involves the bona fides of the appellants in prosecuting their attachment and the sale of the lots under execution to satisfy their demand against Osgood. The plaintiff has-established by a strong preponderance of evidence the allegations of the complaint, as last amended by leave of the court. The plaintiff, her son and daughter, all testify that the conveyance was made for the sole purpose of securing the defendant Osgood in the repayment of the moneys expended and to be expended by him in relieving the lots from the burden of the taxes and assessments then impressed upon them, and D. W. Welch deposes to an admission by Osgood to the same effect. While Osgood claims that the deed was intended as an absolute conveyance, yet he says the understanding was that it was to be conditional and dependent upon the fact of the subsequent consummation [8]*8of tlie marriage, and that in case the marriage did not take place he should reconvey to plaintiff. This interpretation lends support to the plaintiff’s understanding of the arrangement. It was shown that these lots at the time of the conveyance were worth from $2,500 to $3,000, and that at the date of the trial they were worth $2,500 ; that the defendant Osgood had expended in redeeming them from the tax sale, and other outlays, the sum of $308.76 only. This wide discrepancy between the value of the property and the amount expended by Osgood is a strong circumstance showing that the plaintiff did not intend to invest him with the absolute title to the lots. So we think the allegations of the complaint touching the purpose of the conveyance are fully established.
5. Now, if the defendants, Neustadter Bros., at the time of the commencement of their action against Osgood and the attachment of the lots, were cognizant of the title and equities of the plaintiff therein, they cannot prevail, as whatever rights they have secured by reason of the attachment must be held to be in subordination to the plaintiff’s equities in the premisés. We have the testimony of but two persons touching this phase of the controversy — Bernhardt Neustadter, and the defendant Osgood — which must be read and considered in connection with the surrounding and attendant circumstances. It seems that Osgood, prior to 1895, had incorporated a concern known as the Osgood Mercantile Company, and was the owner of nearly all the capital stock thereof ; but in 1895 he began doing business in his own name, and it was in his individual capacity that the defendants Neustadter Bros, dealt with him, and sold to him the goods and merchandise for the price of which the action was begun, and the lots in question attached. The account commenced July 24,1895, and continued until December 23 of the same year. The Osgood Mercantile Company [9]*9liad acquired some lots in Astoria, and a tract of land outside, which liad been deeded to it by Osgood; but the stock of merchandise had been retransferred from the mercantile company to Osgood, and this was the relative condition of the company and Osgood for more than a year prior to the attachment.
On the eleventh day of January, 1896, the defendant Osgood had a deed of assignment drawn up in Astoria, to O. L. Jacobson, a clerk then in the employ of Neustadter Bros., which embraced his stock of merchandise and the capital stock of the Osgood Mercantile Company, and possibly some other property, and was intended to transfer all his said property, except said lots, in trust, however, for the use and benefit of all the creditors of Osgood, save Neustadter Bros., who held the largest claim against him. The deed of assignment was fully executed, and on the night of the twelfth he went with it to Portland, arriving on the morning of the thirteenth, when he called upon the defendants Neustadter Bros., and related to Bernhardt Neustadter, their general manager, what he had done in the premises, and that a blank had been left for the purpose of filling in their name, if they desired to share in the property assigned, with the other creditors, and also stated that he was the owner of other property not included in the assignment, to wit, the lots in controversy. Osgood and Bernhardt Neustadter shortly after went to the office of the Secretary of the Merchants’ Protective Union, with whom they conferred touching the matter.
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Mr. Chief Justice Wolverton,
after making the foregoing statement of the facts, delivered the opinion.
1. There was submitted by respondent with the case upon the merits a motion to strike out the testimony because the same had not been certified to by the presiding judge within ten days after the entry of decree, [6]*6as required by law, * and another, to require the clerk of the court below to certify up a copy of a nunc pro tunc order entered in pursuance of the stipulation of plaintiff and the defendant Osgood relative to the issues upon the supplemental complaint. The latter motion will be allowed, but the other must be overruled, as the testimony and exhibits are all here, and the delay of a few days by the trial judge in certifying thereto has not deprived respondent of any rights on appeal.
2. The objection is made here for the first time that the supplemental complaint was filed without leave of the court first had and obtained. It was by virtue of such complaint that Neustadter Bros, were made parties to the suit, and, if available at all, the objection should have been made by motion to strike the complaint from the files; but, having answered to the merits, they waived it.
3. It is next contended that it was incompetent for the court to permit the amendment of the supplemental complaint at the trial, and the reason now urged is that it completely changes the cause of suit and makes a new case. The sole ground for the objection urged at the time was that the request came too late for the court to grant the leave or direct the amendment, and it may be questioned whether the appellants can now found the objection upon any other ground. However this may be, we do not think that the weightier reason now relied upon is potent for their purpose. The cause of suit, as stated in the original and supplemental complaint, is, in substance, that the lots were conveyed by plaintiff to Osgood upon his promise to reconvey them at any time she might request, and that he has refused to fulfill his agreement in that respect. There is an element of mala [7]*7fieles in the transaction, and it would seem to sound in tort; but that the transaction is the same as the one attempted to be set up by the amended supplemental complaint no one can doubt. Both complaints set up trust relations between the defendant Osgood and the plaintiff concerning the lots. In the one, he is alleged to have obtained the property through false representations that he would reconvey it at plaintiff’s request; and the other, simply through representations that it was incumbered, and that, if plaintiff would convey to him, he would discharge the incumbrance and reconvey when he had been reimbursed. The allegations in either case are of the same transaction, between the same parties, and the purpose one and the same; that is, to relieve the property of the trust obligations, and to reinstate the plaintiff’s legal title. In this view, the cause of suit was not substantially changed by the amendment, nor can it be considered a new case ; and therefore the objection is not well assigned.
4. The main contention involves the bona fides of the appellants in prosecuting their attachment and the sale of the lots under execution to satisfy their demand against Osgood. The plaintiff has-established by a strong preponderance of evidence the allegations of the complaint, as last amended by leave of the court. The plaintiff, her son and daughter, all testify that the conveyance was made for the sole purpose of securing the defendant Osgood in the repayment of the moneys expended and to be expended by him in relieving the lots from the burden of the taxes and assessments then impressed upon them, and D. W. Welch deposes to an admission by Osgood to the same effect. While Osgood claims that the deed was intended as an absolute conveyance, yet he says the understanding was that it was to be conditional and dependent upon the fact of the subsequent consummation [8]*8of tlie marriage, and that in case the marriage did not take place he should reconvey to plaintiff. This interpretation lends support to the plaintiff’s understanding of the arrangement. It was shown that these lots at the time of the conveyance were worth from $2,500 to $3,000, and that at the date of the trial they were worth $2,500 ; that the defendant Osgood had expended in redeeming them from the tax sale, and other outlays, the sum of $308.76 only. This wide discrepancy between the value of the property and the amount expended by Osgood is a strong circumstance showing that the plaintiff did not intend to invest him with the absolute title to the lots. So we think the allegations of the complaint touching the purpose of the conveyance are fully established.
5. Now, if the defendants, Neustadter Bros., at the time of the commencement of their action against Osgood and the attachment of the lots, were cognizant of the title and equities of the plaintiff therein, they cannot prevail, as whatever rights they have secured by reason of the attachment must be held to be in subordination to the plaintiff’s equities in the premisés. We have the testimony of but two persons touching this phase of the controversy — Bernhardt Neustadter, and the defendant Osgood — which must be read and considered in connection with the surrounding and attendant circumstances. It seems that Osgood, prior to 1895, had incorporated a concern known as the Osgood Mercantile Company, and was the owner of nearly all the capital stock thereof ; but in 1895 he began doing business in his own name, and it was in his individual capacity that the defendants Neustadter Bros, dealt with him, and sold to him the goods and merchandise for the price of which the action was begun, and the lots in question attached. The account commenced July 24,1895, and continued until December 23 of the same year. The Osgood Mercantile Company [9]*9liad acquired some lots in Astoria, and a tract of land outside, which liad been deeded to it by Osgood; but the stock of merchandise had been retransferred from the mercantile company to Osgood, and this was the relative condition of the company and Osgood for more than a year prior to the attachment.
On the eleventh day of January, 1896, the defendant Osgood had a deed of assignment drawn up in Astoria, to O. L. Jacobson, a clerk then in the employ of Neustadter Bros., which embraced his stock of merchandise and the capital stock of the Osgood Mercantile Company, and possibly some other property, and was intended to transfer all his said property, except said lots, in trust, however, for the use and benefit of all the creditors of Osgood, save Neustadter Bros., who held the largest claim against him. The deed of assignment was fully executed, and on the night of the twelfth he went with it to Portland, arriving on the morning of the thirteenth, when he called upon the defendants Neustadter Bros., and related to Bernhardt Neustadter, their general manager, what he had done in the premises, and that a blank had been left for the purpose of filling in their name, if they desired to share in the property assigned, with the other creditors, and also stated that he was the owner of other property not included in the assignment, to wit, the lots in controversy. Osgood and Bernhardt Neustadter shortly after went to the office of the Secretary of the Merchants’ Protective Union, with whom they conferred touching the matter. Subsequently Neustadter consulted his attorney, and as a result C. L. Jacobson accepted the deed of assignment without the insertion of Neustadter Bros.’ name in the blank; and the action was commenced against Osgood. upon the demand of Neustadter Bros., and, on the same day, on his return to said office, the summons and complaint were served [10]*10on Mm. After the assignment had been fully completed, and the attachment made, Jacobson sent a Mr. Waldman to Astoria to take charge of the store and merchandise, and a couple of days thereafter Osgood was employed, at a salary of $60 per month, to assist in the sale of the goods.
Mr. Neustadter testifies in regard to- the matter, in substance, as follows : That on January 10 he sent Mr. Osgood a statement showing that his account was past due, with a request for a remittance; that Osgood did not answer, but came to Portland later, and said he had received some letters from creditors, asking for payment of accounts past due, and that, rather than be crowded by any one creditor, he desired to arrange matters for all, and made a statement of his assets and liabilities. Neustadter, further testifying, says : “I told him that I did not think, from the statement that he then made, that that was sufficient for our claim; he owed us $1,261.85, and I decided that I wanted additional security ; and he said he had two lots in Astoria, worth about $2,000, and he would be willing to turn those in. He said, ‘There may be some objections raised.’ I told him, ‘All right,’ we would go over to Mr. Sabin’s (that was in our office); and we went over to Mr. Sabin’s, and I consulted Mr. Sabin on the matter, and he thought he would take the matter under advisement. And in the afternoon I saw Mr. Greene, and consulted with him, and he thought the only way, or best plan, would be to attach the property for the purpose of obtaining additional security. I instructed Mr. Greene then to levy or attach the property in Astoria, and he done so.” He further testifies in answer to interrogatories as follows : “Q. At that time, what did he say to you about his real estate or property in Astoria, if anything? A. He told me that his real estate was unimcumbered, that [11]*11he owned two lots in Astoria, that it was unincumbered, and that there was no indebtedness thereon whatsoever. Q,. Had he ever prior to that time stated anything to your firm about these lots? A. No, sir. Q. Did you at that time, or did you before that time, know anything about - his claiming to own these lots? A. Yes, sir; I knew it by his personal, verbal statement that he made that he owned two lots, and also through the mercantile agency. I had a report on the financial standing of Mr. Osgood from the mercantile agency, and that report stated that he owned, among other property, two lots in Astoria. Q,. You say Mr. Osgood said to you at that time that he would be willing to give you security on the two lots, but there would be objections made to it. Did he say who would make the objections? What did he say about that? A. I told him, if there was any objection by any one, that I would prefer that he wouldn’t talk about the matter. Q,. Did he say his wife would not sign a mortgage on the lots? A. Yes, sir. Q. What else was said about that, if anything? A. There was nothing of any nature said in this matter whatsoever, excepting— We had very little conversation on the matter, and I told him I desired to know but very little of his domestic affairs; that he had come to Portland on a business proposition, and all we desired, — if he had any trouble with any of the creditors, that we desired protection in the matter.” Pie then states that it is not true that he entered into any conspiracy or scheme with Osgood to levy on the lots in question, as alleged in the supplemental complaint, and that his only purpose in such levying was to protect their claim.
On cross-examination, he testifies as follows : “Q. You say that when you asked him if he had any other property, he said he had two lots, but there might be objections to this ; he was willing to deed them, but there [12]*12miglit be objections to his deeding them or mortgaging them to you? A. Likely his wife wouldn’t sign them. Q,. He said that? A. No, sir ; that was my opinion. Q,. There might be objections? A. Yes, sir; but he didn’t say who. Q,. Then you told him if there was liable to be any objection, you would rather he wouldn’t talk to you about it? A. Yes, sir. Q. Why did you say that? A. I didn’t desire to know anything at all of his domestic affairs. Q,. You didn’t want him to tell you who the party was that would be liable to object, did you? A. No, I didn’t. Q,. You were wanting to get security for your claim? A. Yes, sir. Q,. But, when he told you that there was liable to be objection to his deeding them to you, you told him that if there was, you would prefer he wouldn’t talk about it? A. Yes, sir. Q,. Now, this is what was the matter, wasn’t it, Mr. Neustadter : That you didn’t want to be placed in the position of haying notice of the claim of anybody else ? You wanted to keep yourself in a position so that you couldn’t say you knew anything about'anybody else’s claim? A. Yes, sir. Q,. You wanted to keep yourself in a position so that you would not know anything about any claim that she had ? A. Yes, sir.” Later on he says that he did not know that she had any claim, and when interrogated critically about what knowledge, if any, he had of such claim, testifies positively that he was entirely without any knowledge or intimation that she had any equities or rights whatever in the property; that he had no knowledge that Osgood intended to, or was going to, make the assignment to Jacobson until he came to Portland with it, and that the suggestion of the assignment to Jacobson came from Osgood ; that the assignment did not provide for the claim of Neustadter Bros., and the reason why they did not put their claim in the assignment was because it was not adequate to satisfy their entire indebted[13]*13ness. He further testifies that Osgood telegraphed for Jacobson to come down in October, 1895, and that Jacobson then had a conversation with Osgood, which was related to the witness upon his return, whereby Osgood assured Jacobson that if he had any trouble whatever, Neustadter Bros, “would be pretty well taken care of,” and that after the conversation with Jacobson in October they sold goods to Osgood in reliance on his ownership of the lots in controversy.
Osgood testifies to the transaction substantially as related by Bernhardt Neustadter. He says, in substance, that he made statements touching the ownership of the lots to the commercial agencies and to Neustadter Bros, in October, 1895, and again to Neustadter Bros, at the time he put up the property in trust for the benefit of his creditors; that he had a dispatch from an eastern firm, saying they would draw on him for $5,000 if their claim was not paid; that Neustadter Bros, sent a man down in October, whom he told at the time that he owned the lots free from all incumbrances; that on the morning of the eleventh of January he received a letter from Neustadter Bros., asking for money, and he went through his books, and found he owed about $5,000, which would be due and payable in March, so he made the transfer; that he told Neustadter Bros, he had included all his creditors, excepting them, and was willing to include them; that Mr. Neustadter said he did not consider the merchandise sufficient for the protection of all Ms creditors ; that he told Mr. Neustadter his wife had left him in December, and she might make trouble, and Mr. Neustadter said he did not want to hear about that part of it; that he was to call at the office of the Secretary of the Merchants’ Protective Union at 4 o’clock, and when he went there an attachment was served on him. Literally speaking, he says later: “I consulted with this confi[14]*14dential clerk [meaning Jacobson] in October, when he was here, when he wanted me to transfer it; and I showed then to him the state of my affairs on account of these eastern people, and told him, if I had to do it, I would do so, and, according to the understanding I had that day, I did.” On redirect examination he testifies as follows : “Q,. You then,, before you saw Neustadter Bros., went and made a trust deed, by which you conveyed all of your property, excepting lots 1 and 2 in block 55, to a trustee for the benefit of all your creditors excepting them, and that trustee was a man employed in their store ? A. That is what I said, — that he was the party that was down here before. Q,. Why, before consulting them, did you make the transfer of all of your property, for the security and benefit of your other creditors, to a trustee who was in the employ of them,— one of their clerks, — without including them ? A. For the very reason I stated when he was down here in October : I wanted to turn it over then to protect them against these eastern parties.” The witness further testifies that he saw Neustadter Bros, first because they were the principal creditors concerned, and that they afterwards saw the Secretary of the Merchants’ Protective Union as to the other creditors; that he had never at any time informed Neustadter Bros, of any interest or claim his wife had or made to the lots in question, and that, so far as he knew, they were entirely innocent of any knowledge of her claim and demand as set up in the complaint.
We are satisfied, from the particular methods employed and adopted by the parties as a means to the accomplishment of the alleged purpose they had in view, and from the manner of the testimony they have given touching the transactions, that Neustadter Bros, not only had notice of facts and circumstances of such nature as put them [15]*15upon their inquiry regarding the interest and equities of the plaintiff in and to the lots, but that they had actual knowledge thereof prior to the commencement of their action against Osgood, and the attachment of the property. Almost from the time of the marriage between Osgood and wife they got along together badly, and during the summer months, and in September, their domestic tribulations were accelerated to such an extent that it had become apparent they could not much longer live together ; and it was in the October following that Jacobson went to Astoria in answer to a telegram addressed to Neustadter Bros. New York creditors had written Osgood for payment upon demands past due, which was the prime cause of sending the telegram. At this time it seems that an understanding had been reached that Neustadter Bros, “would be pretty well taken care of.” Without further converse between the parties, so far as the record shows, Osgood had the deed of assignment drawn up for the benefit of all his creditors, excepting Neustadter Bros., and included therein all his property except the lots in controversy. True, he told Bernhardt Neustadter when he went to Portland that he had left a blank in the instrument, wherein their firm name could be inserted, if they desired to share with the other creditors ; but they concluded that the security was not .sufficient for all. The idea of including the lots in the assignment seems not to have been talked of. Bernhardt Neustadter said he told Osgood that, from the statement he had made, he did not think there was sufficient merchandise to satisfy their claim, and that they wanted additional security ; so he concluded, after taking advice, that they would not participate in the assignment, but would attach the lots — just the course, it would seem from Osgood’s acts, that he purposed they should take.
The most singular coincidence of the transaction is [16]*16that the assignment was made to a trusted clerk of Neustadter Bros., — a person in their employ and under their direction. Virtually, they acquired entire control of all the property of Osgood, except the lots, through the assignment; and yet they assert that they neither had nor acquired any interest therein by reason of the trust relations created by the deed. Further than this, when Jacobson assumed control of the stock of merchandise, Osgood was at once employed to assist in the sale thereof, at a salary of $60 per month. Now, if we read the testimony of Bernhardt Neustadter in connection with this plan or scheme thus adopted by the parties for-providing Neustadter Bros, and the other creditors with security for their demands, wherein he says, “I told him (Osgood), if there was axxy objection by axxy oxxe, that I woxxld prefer that he wouldn’t talk aboxxt the matter, ’ ’ aixd his eqxxivocal statements about the source axxd nature of the supposed objections to deeding the lots, the conclxxsioix is almost irresistible that he kxxew of the eqxxities, and even the exact claim, asserted to the property by the plaixxtiff. It is more reasonable to suppose that Osgood had made a full statemexxt of the whole matter to the representatives of the firm, and that the particular course was pursued in the light of that knowledge.
6. The knowledge of Neustadter Bros, touching the plaixxtiff’s equities ixx the lots makes them guilty of bad faith in the-attachment thereof : Rhodes v. McGarry, 19 Or. 222 (23 Pac. 971) ; Meier v. Hess, 23 Or. 599 (32 Pac. 755). We said in Raymond v. Flavel, 27 Or. 219, 241 (40 Pac. 158), that: “If a person has actual knowledge of latent equities, and purchases notwithstanding, the presumption of mala fides is irresistible, or, rather, he takes the estate laden with the equities, and stands in no better position than his grantor. The attempt to [17]*17claim as an innocent purchaser is the fraud of which the equitable owner may complain.” It is evident that the credit given by Neustadter Bros, to Osgood was not .based on his ownership of the lots, because they only claim having knowledge of the title standing in his name in October, and the major-part of the account had then been contracted.
The court below did not find that Osgood had been reimbursed from the rents and profits for his outlay in the payment of taxes and assessments, but it allowed to plaintiff the excess of such payments as alimony, and directed a reconveyance. This appears to be equitable, in view of the testimony, and the decree of the court below will therefore be affirmed. Affirmed.