Oregon State Pharmaceutical Ass'n v. State Public Welfare Commission

432 P.2d 296, 248 Or. 60, 1967 Ore. LEXIS 377
CourtOregon Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 21, 1967
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 432 P.2d 296 (Oregon State Pharmaceutical Ass'n v. State Public Welfare Commission) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Oregon Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Oregon State Pharmaceutical Ass'n v. State Public Welfare Commission, 432 P.2d 296, 248 Or. 60, 1967 Ore. LEXIS 377 (Or. 1967).

Opinion

LUSK, J.

This is a representative suit brought on behalf of proprietors of drug stores and pharmacists, members of the plaintiff, Oregon State Pharmaceutical [64]*64Association, to obtain a declaration that they are entitled to recover from the defendant State Public Welfare Commission the agreed and reasonable value of drugs furnished by them to eligible recipients of public assistance at the request of the Commission. From a decree granting plaintiffs (hereinafter referred to passim as druggists) partial relief both sides have appealed.

Medical assistance under the Public Welfare Law includes the furnishing of “prescribed drugs” to eligible individuals: ORS 414.025 (12), and it is the duty of the Commission to render such assistance “within the limits of funds available therefor”: OES 414.065 (1).

Pursuant to such statutory duty the Commission on June 29, 1961, adopted and promulgated Administrative Order PWC 468. This order, known as the Drug Guide, was adopted after extensive negotiations between representatives of the Pharmaceutical Association, the Oregon Medical Society, and members of the Medical Division of the State Public Welfare Commission. It contains detailed instructions regarding the operation of the Drug Welfare Program. For present purposes it is sufficient to say that drugs are dispensed on prescription of a duly licensed physician or surgeon to persons having a requisition therefor from the county public welfare office. No cash is paid and the Commission, upon being billed by the druggist at the end of the month, pays him the purchase price, which is an established maximum price set forth in the Drug Guide. The Drug Guide states:

“Prices in this schedule are ceiling prices. Where prevailing prices in a community for a particular item are lower than the price here listed, it is understood that the pharmacist will adjust his [65]*65charge to State Public Welfare Commission to give the full benefit of such lower prices. Prices in this schedule are subject to change.”

The Guide was printed and a copy sent to each registered pharmacist in the state. It is not disputed that the prices indicated in the Drug Guide are less than would be charged to the ordinary customer.

This controversy, however, does not involve the reasonableness of the prices, but arises out of the refusal of the Commission to pay the established prices in full. That came about in this way.

Prior to the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1963, the Commission adopted its so-called “Annual Allotment Plan”, which called for a monthly expenditure of $42,028 for drugs during that fiscal year. (For fiscal year 1964-1965, the monthly allotment was $43,723.) It developed, however, that the billings for drugs were exceeding the monthly allotments and for the first four months of the fiscal year the overexpenditure was in excess of $47,000. To meet this “crisis,” as it is referred to in the testimony, the Commission put into effect in November, 1963, a pro rata system under which it continued to authorize the dispensing of drugs beyond its ability to pay for them in full under the Allotment Plan, and during the biennium 1963-1965, up to the time of the commencement of this suit, paid the druggists only that percentage of their charges which the “funds available” bore to the total billings for a particular month. What the Commission considered the “funds available,” as well as our own views on that subject, will be hereinafter explained.

Plaintiffs contend that the Commission acted without authority of law in prorating drug payments in this manner, and is liable to them for moneys so [66]*66withheld. Whether the Commission had such authority is the pivotal question in the ease, but before considering it, we will notice a contention of the defendant that this suit is in effect one against the state and has not been authorized by statute. Plaintiffs answer that the suit is upon a contract and is authorized by OES 30.320, which provides:

“A suit or action may be maintained * * * against the State of Oregon by and through and in the name of the appropriate state agency upon a contract * * * made by such agency and within the scope of its authority, and not otherwise: # * # «

The Commission argues:

“* * * [T]he existence of a contract has not been established. The duty to provide public assistance is purely statutory and not contractual. This duty is imposed by statute in each of the several public assistance programs, and in each program the duty is limited to the extent of available funds. (Citing several sections of the Public Assistance Law.)”

The duty to provide public assistance is imposed by statute on the State Public Welfare Commission, not on the druggists of Oregon. No statute could validly impose upon druggists any burden of furnishing public assistance beyond the burden, common to the citizenry in general, of paying through taxation their proportionate share of the cost of the program. And no statute attempts to do so. It may be, as observed, obiter, by Mr. Justice Douglas concurring in Reitman v. Mulkey, 387 US 369, 386, 87 S Ct 1627, 1636, 18 L ed 2d 830, 840, that drug stores, like telephone companies, are “affected with a public interest in the historic and classical sense,” but even telephone companies are con[67]*67stitutionally entitled to a reasonable return on their investment.

We think it clear that, as the trial judge held, we are dealing here with a unilateral contract, or, to be more exact, a series of such contracts. The Commission, through the Drug Guide, made a continuing offer to the druggists to pay them stipulated prices for drugs dispensed to eligible recipients of public assistance and each and every such transaction carried out by the druggists in accordance with the regulations in the Drug Guide constituted acceptance of the offer and an executed contract supported by a valuable consideration. The offer could be withdrawn at any time as to future transactions and the question whether it was validly withdrawn and a new offer made and accepted is to be determined by what was done and by a construction of certain statutes governing expenditures by the Commission from appropriated funds. We proceed to an examination of these statutes.

Expenditures of appropriations and funds by state officers and agencies are subject to the so-called allotment system delineated in ORS 291.234 to 291.260. Material provisions of the statute are set forth in the margin.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
432 P.2d 296, 248 Or. 60, 1967 Ore. LEXIS 377, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/oregon-state-pharmaceutical-assn-v-state-public-welfare-commission-or-1967.