Olsen v. Hortica Insurance Company

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: February 15, 2022
• Docket: 5:21-cv-03891
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 SAN JOSE DIVISION 7 8 DAVID OLSEN, Case No. 5:21-cv-03891-EJD

9 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO DISMISS 10 v.

11 HORTICA INSURANCE COMPANY, Re: Dkt. No. 9 Defendant. 12

13 14 Plaintiff David Olsen brings this action asserting violations of the California Fair 15 Employment and Housing Act (“FEHA”) against Defendant Hortica Insurance Company 16 (“Hortica”), a subsidiary of Sentry Insurance Company (“Sentry”), alleging the following claims: 17 (1) hostile work environment harassment in violation of Cal. Gov’t Code § 12940; (2) failure to 18 prevent harassment, discrimination, or retaliation in violation of Cal. Gov’t Code § 12940(k); (3) 19 “disparate treatment” discrimination in violation of Cal. Gov’t Code § 12940(a); and (4) disability 20 discrimination in violation of Cal. Gov’t Code § 12940(m). Compl., Dkt. No. 1-1. Sentry1 moves 21 to dismiss all claims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Def. Sentry Ins. Co.’s Not. 22 of Mot. and Mot. to Dismiss (“Mot.”), Dkt. No. 9. 23 The Court finds the motion appropriate for decision without oral argument pursuant to 24 Civil Local Rule 7-1(b). Having considered the parties’ written submissions, the Court GRANTS 25

26 1 Sentry asserts that Hortica is improperly named as a defendant in this case. Mot. at 1. The 27 complaint appears to treat Hortica and Sentry as a single entity. See Compl. ¶ 4. 1 the motion with leave to amend. 2 I. BACKGROUND 3 Hortica (now Sentry) is an insurance company located in Wisconsin.2 Compl. ¶ 4. Olsen 4 is a California resident. Id. ¶ 3. At some point prior to 2016, Hortica hired Olsen as an insurance 5 broker specializing in horticulture/agriculture insurance. Id. ¶ 5. 6 According to Olsen, at the time he joined Hortica, he “was promised certain employee 7 benefits that never came to fruition.” Id. ¶ 9. He does not describe these benefits. Olsen says that 8 the team of female Hortica employees in charge of his “assimilation” into the company “hated 9 men,” and that “many of the nearly 90% women at the home office disliked working with men.” 10 Id. In particular, Olsen identifies his administrative assistant Ella Exton, underwriter Beth 11 Watson, national director Traci Dooley, and CEO Mona Haberer as among these employees. Id. 12 ¶¶ 10, 12. He says that these women “openly would defame [him] around the office,” and that he 13 “was pigeon[-]holed early as just a ‘man’ and for that reason they hated [him].” Id. ¶ 10. 14 Olsen shared his territory with Nicole Akemon, who he says “took an immediate and 15 hostile dislike” to him and “worked every angle to get [him] fired and sabotage his career” 16 because he is a “white Caucasian.” Id. ¶ 11. Olsen says that Hortica management “stripped” him 17 of his territory leads and gave his accounts and commissions to Akemon instead. Id. ¶ 12. 18 In 2016, Sentry merged with Hortica, after which Olsen alleges his situation grew worse. 19 Id. ¶ 13. His new Japanese-American supervisor, Bob Otsuka, “help[ed] to aid and abet the 20 pervasive antiwhite-male attitude within the company creating a hostile work environment” for 21 him. Id. Olsen says that Otsuka would “yell, scream, and [make] up false accusations against” 22 him. Id. ¶ 15. There are no details concerning the content of these statements. Olsen suggests 23 that Otsuka facilitated “hostile and untrue claims” that Exton made against Olsen. Id. According 24 to Olsen, Exton “was caught lying” about him and his work on more than one occasion, although 25 he does not provide details about what those purported lies involved. Id. 26

27 2 The Court has diversity jurisdiction over this matter. Dkt. No. 1. 1 In 2018, Olsen “sent a note demanding fair and equal treatment” and that as a result, 2 Dooley traveled to California to apologize to him on behalf of the company. Id. Olsen says that 3 Dooley “admitted . . . that the hostile work environment was ‘her idea,’” that she thought he would 4 “never make it,” and that she “preferred” Akemon. Id. Olsen alleges that Sentry gave him “some 5 house accounts” to “smooth things out,” and that “things seemed to be getting better.” Id. ¶ 16. 6 This lasted until 2020, when Olsen says that Otsuka began “concocting lies, slander, libel and 7 defamation of character” in order to force Olsen to quit, so that Otsuka and “the female leaders in 8 the organization could take back [Olsen’s] accounts.” Id. ¶ 17. Again, there are no details about 9 what these alleged falsehoods entailed. Olsen says that Otsuka was “allowed and even encouraged 10 to fully retaliate against” him, but there are no details about who encouraged Otsuka or what that 11 retaliation entailed. Id. ¶ 16. Olsen complained to Human Resources, but he was only offered the 12 services of an in-house psychiatrist, and no action was taken to address what he believed was a 13 hostile work environment. Id. 14 At another unspecified time, Olsen requested child bonding leave under the California 15 Family Leave Act to spend time with his newborn son, but that request was denied. Id. ¶ 18. He 16 says he was threatened with termination of an “unexplained absence” despite having a doctor’s 17 note confirming the birth of his son, which included the dates of absence. Id. 18 Olsen alleges that he suffered emotional and psychological abuse while employed at 19 Hortica/Sentry and became physically ill from the hostile work environment and retaliation. Id. ¶¶ 20 19-20. He further alleges that in October 2020, he requested that Sentry “trigger a caveat” in his 21 employment agreement that allowed him to “separate” from the company and buy his clients back. 22 Id. ¶ 20. Instead, Olsen says, Sentry terminated him and stole his accounts. Id. 23 On November 4, 2020, Olsen filed a complaint with the Department of Fair Employment 24 and Housing (“DFEH”). Compl., Ex. A at ECF 25. In the DFEH complaint, he alleges that he 25 experienced discrimination and harassment and checked the boxes for the following reasons: Baby 26 Bonding Leave, Color, Race, Sex/Gender, Sexual harassment – hostile environment, and Other. 27 Id. at ECF 27. He wrote next to Other: “Slander, Libel, Defamation & emotional & Psychological 1 Abuse In the Course of employment.” Id. The DFEH complaint also alleges that as a result, he 2 was denied baby bonding leave, denied equal pay, denied hire or promotion, denied work 3 opportunities or assignments, forced to quit, and terminated. Id.at ECF 28. The DFEH issued an 4 immediate Right to Sue notice on November 4, 2020. Id. at ECF 24. 5 On April 19, 2021, Olsen filed suit in Monterey County Superior Court. Compl. On May 6 24, 2021, Sentry removed the action to federal court. Dkt. No. 1. On June 1, 2021, Sentry filed 7 the motion to dismiss now before the Court. Dkt. No. 9. 8 II. LEGAL STANDARD 9 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a) requires a plaintiff to plead each claim with enough 10 specificity to “give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which 11 it rests.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (internal quotations omitted). A 12 complaint which falls short of the Rule 8(a) standard may therefore be dismissed if it fails to state 13 a claim upon which relief can be granted. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). “Dismissal under Rule 14 12(b)(6) is appropriate only where the complaint lacks a cognizable legal theory or sufficient facts 15 to support a cognizable legal theory.” Mendiondo v. Centinela Hosp. Med. Ctr., 521 F.3d 1097, 16 1104 (9th Cir. 2008). When deciding whether to grant a motion to dismiss, the Court must accept 17 as true all “well pleaded factual allegations” and determine whether the allegations “plausibly give 18 rise to an entitlement to relief.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). The Court must also 19 construe the alleged facts in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Love v. United States, 915 20 F.2d 1242, 1245 (9th Cir. 1989). While a complaint need not contain detailed factual allegations, 21 it “must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is 22 plausible on its face.’” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Bell Atl. Corp., 550 U.S. at 570). 23 A court generally may not consider any material beyond the pleadings when ruling on a 24 Rule 12(b)(6) motion. If matters outside the pleadings are considered, “the motion must be treated 25 as one for summary judgment under Rule 56.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d). However, documents 26 appended to the complaint, incorporated by reference in the complaint, or which properly are the 27 subject of judicial notice may be considered along with the complaint when deciding a Rule 1 12(b)(6) motion. Khoja v. Orexigen Therapeutics, 899 F.3d 988, 998 (9th Cir. 2018); see also Hal 2 Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner & Co., Inc., 896 F.2d 1542, 1555 n.19 (9th Cir. 1990). 3 Likewise, a court may consider matters that are “capable of accurate and ready determination by 4 resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned.” Roca v. Wells Fargo Bank, 5 N.A., No. 15-cv-02147-KAW, 2016 WL 368153, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 1, 2016) (quoting Fed. R. 6 Evid. 201(b)). 7 III. DISCUSSION 8 A. Sentry’s Request for Judicial Notice 9 Sentry requests the Court take judicial notice of two documents: (1) a California Secretary 10 of State Application to Register a Foreign Limited Liability Company (LLC) for Olsen & Olsen 11 Insurance Services, LLC, dated November 9, 2020; and (2) a WHOIS Database search result for 12 OLSEN-INSURANCE.COM. Dkt. No. 9-4. Olsen does not object to Sentry’s request. See Plf. 13 David Olsen’s Opp’n to Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss (“Opp’n”), Dkt. No. 13. However, because the 14 Court need not rely on these documents to rule on the motion to dismiss, the Court denies the 15 request to take judicial notice as moot. 16 B. Sentry’s Obligation to Meet and Confer 17 Olsen contends that Sentry’s motion to dismiss “should fail” because defense counsel did 18 not contact plaintiff’s counsel to meet and confer prior to filing the motion. Opp’n at 3. Olsen 19 asserts that such a meet and confer is required under Judge Saundra Brown Armstrong’s Standing 20 Order for Civil Cases. Id. This case is not and has never been assigned to Judge Armstrong, and 21 consequently, her Standing Order does not apply to this action. However, the undersigned’s own 22 Standing Order for Civil Cases does apply here, and the Court expects all parties to familiarize 23 themselves with its requirements. 24 C. Claim 1: Hostile Work Environment Harassment 25 1. Statute of limitations 26 Sentry argues that based on California Government Code § 12960(e)’s three-year statute of 27 limitations, Olsen must allege facts sufficient to state a claim for harassment that occurred after 1 November 4, 2017—three years before he received his right to sue notice from the DFEH. Mot. at 2 5. However, Sentry says that the complaint alleges that things were “better” between 2018 and 3 2020, and the sole allegation within the statute of limitations period concerns Otsuka’s attempt to 4 “force Plaintiff to quit.” Id. (citing Compl. ¶ 16). Because this allegation lacks support in any 5 facts suggesting that Otsuka’s conduct is attributable to Olsen’s status as a “white, Caucasian 6 male,” Olsen has failed to state a claim. Id. at 5–6. 7 Sentry is correct that the three-year statute of limitations prevents Olsen from pursuing 8 claims based on conduct or events that occurred prior to November 4, 2017. See Cal. Gov’t Code 9 § 12960(e)(5). The complaint as currently pled does not provide a clear timeline of events, but it 10 appears to concern in large part conduct prior to November 4, 2017. Compl. ¶¶ 9-15. Olsen’s 11 opposition does not address the statute of limitations question at all, and the Court thus 12 understands him to have conceded the issue. See Opp’n. To the extent Olsen seeks to base his 13 claims on pre-November 4, 2017 conduct, those claims are time-barred. 14 2. Failure to state a claim 15 “FEHA prohibits harassment of an employee.” Lawler v. Montblanc N. Am., LLC, 704 16 F.3d 1235, 1244 (9th Cir. 2013); see also Cal. Gov’t Code § 12940(j). Under FEHA, a plaintiff 17 must demonstrate that “(1) she is a member of a protected group; (2) she was subjected to 18 harassment because she belonged to this group; and (3) the alleged harassment was so severe that 19 it created a hostile work environment.” Lawler, 704 F.3d at 1242. “Harassment cannot be 20 occasional, isolated, sporadic, or trivial; rather the plaintiff must show a concerted pattern of 21 harassment of a repeated, routine or a generalized nature.” Aguilar v. Avis Rent A Car Sys., Inc., 22 21 Cal. 4th 121, 131 (1999) (internal alterations and citations omitted). 23 Actions are not FEHA harassment if they are mere “commonly necessary personnel 24 management actions.” Lawler, 704 F.3d at 1244. Such actions may include “hiring and firing, job 25 or project assignments, office or work station assignments, promotion or demotion, performance 26 evaluations, the provision of support, the assignment or non-assignment of supervisory functions, 27 deciding who will and who will not attend meetings, deciding who will be laid off, and the like . . . 1 .” Janken v. GM Hughes Elecs., 46 Cal. App. 4th 55, 64–65, 80 (1996). Harassment, on the other 2 hand, “consists of actions outside the scope of job duties which are not of a type necessary to 3 business and personnel management.” Lawler, 704 F.3d at 1245 (quoting Reno v. Baird, 18 Cal. 4 4th 640 (1998)) (internal quotation marks omitted). This does not mean that employers can act 5 discriminatorily and cloak their actions in the garb of the management exception; rather, “[t]hese 6 actions may retrospectively be found discriminatory if based on improper motives, but in that 7 event the remedies provided by the FEHA are those for discrimination, not harassment.” Janken, 8 46 Cal. App. 4th at 65. 9 The parties do not dispute that Olsen has adequately pled that he belongs to at least one 10 protected class. However, Sentry contends that Olsen has not pled sufficient facts to support his 11 claim of harassment. Mot. at 6–7. 12 The Court agrees with Sentry. Olsen has generally pled that he was subject to some kind 13 of harassment, including other employees and his supervisor making untrue statements about him. 14 Compl. ¶¶ 10, 14, 15. However, there are no specific details about what those allegedly untrue 15 statements consisted of. The Court therefore cannot say whether this behavior qualifies as 16 harassment, much less whether it was so severe that it could have created a hostile work 17 environment. See, e.g., Kelly-Zurian v. Wohl Shoe Co., 22 Cal. App. 4th 397 (1994), as modified 18 (Mar. 4, 1994) (“When the workplace is permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule and 19 insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim’s employment 20 and create an abusive working environment, the law is violated.” (internal quotation marks 21 omitted)); Thompson v. City of Monrovia, 186 Cal. App. 4th 860, 876–77 (2010) (hostile work 22 environment harassment claim requires conduct that “would have interfered with a reasonable 23 employee’s work performance and would have seriously affected the psychological well-being of 24 a reasonable employee” (internal quotation marks omitted)). The assessment of whether conduct 25 qualifies as harassment under this standard is based on the totality of the circumstances, including: 26 “(1) the nature of the unwelcome . . . acts or works . . . ; (2) the frequency of the offensive 27 encounters; (3) the total number of days over which all of the offensive conduct occur[red]; and 1 (4) the context in which the . . . harassing conduct occurred.” See Ortega v. Neil Jones Food Co., 2 12-CV-05504-LHK, 2014 WL 232358, at *8 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 21, 2014) (quoting Fisher v. San 3 Pedro Peninsula Hosp., 214 Cal. App. 3d 590, 609 (1989)). There are no such facts pled here. 4 Moreover, there are no facts in the complaint from which the Court may infer that the 5 harassment occurred because Olsen was a member of a protected group. Olsen says that “the team 6 of women that were in charge of his assimilation into the company[] hated men,” but he again 7 offers little to no facts that would support that allegation. Compl. ¶ 9. He alleges that “[t]his team 8 of women made it very clear on multiple occasions and it was shared around the office that many 9 of the nearly 90% women at the home office disliked working with men.” Id. But this vague 10 allegation again is devoid of factual details about what exactly was said that would lead one to 11 conclude that others at the company were biased against men. There are no facts connecting 12 Olsen’s negative experience with his gender or race, only Olsen’s generalized personal 13 conclusions. While the Court must accept as true all “well-pleaded factual allegations,” Iqbal, 556 14 U.S. at 664, it is “not bound to accept as true a legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation.” 15 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. 16 Olsen argues that his complaint has pled every element of a harassment claim, Opp’n at 4– 17 6, but the federal pleading standard requires more. “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause 18 of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 19 Threadbare recitals based on mere conclusory statements are all Olsen has pled here. 20 Accordingly, the Court dismisses the claim for hostile work environment harassment. 21 D. Claim 3: Disparate Treatment (Discrimination) 22 The California Supreme Court has explained that “[b]ecause of the similarity between state 23 and federal employment discrimination laws, California courts look to pertinent federal precedent 24 when applying our own statutes.” Guz v. Bechtel Nat’l, Inc., 24 Cal. 4th 317, 354 (2000). To 25 establish a prima facie case of discrimination under FEHA, a plaintiff must provide evidence 26 showing “(1) he was a member of a protected class, (2) he was qualified for the position he sought 27 or was performing competently in the position he held, (3) he suffered an adverse employment 1 action, such as termination, demotion, or denial of an available job, and (4) some other 2 circumstance suggests discriminatory motive.” Id. at 355; see also Cal. Gov. Code § 12940(a); 3 Fonseca v. Sysco Food Servs. of Ariz., Inc., 374 F.3d 840, 847 (9th Cir. 2004). An inference of 4 discrimination can be established by “showing the employer had a continuing need for [the 5 plaintiff employee’s] skills and services in that their various duties were still being performed . . . 6 or by showing that others not in [the plaintiff’s] protected class were treated more favorably.” 7 Diaz v. Eagle Produce, Ltd., 521 F.3d 1201, 1207–08 (9th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks 8 and citation omitted). 9 The Ninth Circuit “define[s] ‘adverse employment action’ broadly.” Fonseca, 374 F.3d at 10 847. An employment action is adverse if it materially affects the compensation, terms, conditions, 11 or privileges of employment. Chuang v. Univ. of Cal. Davis, Bd. of Trs., 225 F.3d 1115, 1126 12 (9th Cir. 2000). A decrease in pay is not a prerequisite for demonstrating an adverse employment 13 action. See Ray v. Henderson, 217 F.3d 1234, 1241 (9th Cir. 2000) (citing St. John v. Emp’mt 14 Dev. Dep’t, 642 F.2d 273, 274 (9th Cir. 1981)) (holding that “a transfer to another job of the same 15 pay and status” may be an adverse employment action). Rather, the Ninth Circuit has recognized 16 that “[t]ransfers of job duties and undeserved performance ratings, if proven, would constitute 17 ‘adverse employment decisions.’” Id. (citing Yartzoff v. Thomas, 809 F.2d 1371, 1376 (9th Cir. 18 1987)). However, “mere ostracism” by co-workers does not constitute an adverse employment 19 action. Id. 20 Sentry asserts that Olsen has failed to state a claim for discrimination because he admits in 21 the complaint that he sought to leave Sentry, undermining the only adverse action pled in the 22 complaint: termination. Mot. at 7–8. Sentry argues that it terminated Olsen because he sought to 23 establish a competing business, not because it harbored discriminatory animus against him. Id. 24 But that is a factual defense that does not directly address the adequacy of the complaint’s allegations 25 so much as it offers an alternative reason for why Olsen cannot prevail on the merits. 26 Nevertheless, the Court finds that Olsen has not stated a claim for discrimination under 27 FEHA. As to the first element of a discrimination claim, again, the parties do not dispute that 1 Olsen is a member of a protected class—specifically, at least based on gender. As to the third 2 element, it appears that Olsen has pled at least two adverse employment actions that fall within the 3 applicable statute of limitations period3: (1) the denial of Olsen’s request for baby bonding leave, 4 and (2) termination. Compl. ¶¶ 18, 20; see also id. ¶¶ 33-34. However, Olsen has not adequately 5 pled the second and fourth elements. The complaint is devoid of any facts demonstrating that 6 Olsen was qualified for his position or otherwise performing competently. And again, Olsen does 7 not plead any facts that tie the adverse actions to any of his alleged protected classifications. 8 There are no facts in the complaint from which it may be inferred that Sentry denied Olsen baby 9 bonding leave or terminated him because of his gender or race. 10 Accordingly, the Court dismisses the discrimination claim. 11 E. Claim 4: (Disability Discrimination) 12 Sentry argues that the Court should dismiss Olsen’s disability discrimination claim for two 13 reasons: Olsen failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, and the complaint fails to allege facts 14 sufficient to plead a disability discrimination claim. Mot. at 8–10. The Court first considers the 15 exhaustion issue. 16 “In order to bring a civil action under FEHA, the aggrieved person must exhaust the 17 administrative remedies provided by law.” Rodriguez v. Airborne Express, 265 F.3d 890, 896 (9th 18 Cir. 2001) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “Exhaustion in this context requires 19 filing a written charge with DFEH within one year of the alleged unlawful employment 20 discrimination, and obtaining notice from DFEH of the right to sue.” Id. “The scope of the 21 written administrative charge defines the permissible scope of the subsequent civil action,” and 22 “[a]llegations in the civil complaint that fall outside of the scope of the administrative charge are 23 barred for failure to exhaust.” Id. 24 Here, Olsen’s DFEH complaint alleges that he was subject to discrimination and 25 harassment, and he checked only the boxes for the following reasons: Baby Bonding Leave, Color, 26

27 3 See supra Section III.C.1. 1 Race, Sex/Gender, Sexual harassment – hostile environment, and Other. Compl., Ex. A at ECF 2 27. He did not check the box for Disability. Id. In his opposition, Olsen argues only that he 3 checked the “Other” box, noting that he suffered emotional and psychological abuse, and that he 4 therefore pled disability discrimination in his DFEH complaint. Opp’n at 8. That argument is 5 simply not consistent with the face of the DFEH complaint. Next to the Other box, Olsen wrote 6 in: “Slander, Libel, Defamation & emotional & Psychological Abuse In the Course of 7 employment.” Compl., Ex. A at ECF 27. That written statement is a description of what Olsen 8 alleges he has experienced; it does not describe a physical or mental disability as defined in 9 California Government Code § 12926(j) or (m). 10 Accordingly, the Court finds that Olsen failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, and 11 his disability discrimination claim is therefore barred. The Court therefore need not reach the 12 question of whether Olsen adequately states a claim for disability discrimination under Rule 13 12(b)(6). 14 F. Claim 2: Failure to Prevent Harassment, Discrimination, or Retaliation 15 Under FEHA, it is unlawful for an employer “to fail to take all reasonable steps necessary 16 to prevent discrimination and harassment from occurring.” Cal. Gov’t Code § 12940(k). To 17 prevail on a claim asserted under this section, a plaintiff must establish three essential elements: 1) 18 the plaintiff was subjected to discrimination, harassment, or retaliation; 2) the defendant failed to 19 take all reasonable steps to prevent discrimination, harassment, or retaliation; and 3) the 20 defendant’s failure caused the plaintiff to suffer injury, damage, loss, or harm. Lelaind v. City and 21 Cty. of San Francisco, 576 F. Supp.2d 1079, 1103 (N.D. Cal. 2008) (citing California Civil Jury 22 Instructions (BAJI) 12.11). 23 Because Olsen has not adequately alleged facts from which the Court may infer that he 24 was subject to discrimination, harassment, or retaliation based on his gender or race for the 25 reasons described above, the Court likewise finds that he has not stated facts sufficient for a claim 26 for failure to prevent harassment, discrimination, or retaliation. Carter v. Cal. Dep’t of Veterans 27 Affairs, 38 Cal. 4th 914, 925 n.4 (2006) (noting that courts have required a finding of actual 1 discrimination or harassment under FEHA before a plaintiff may prevail under section 12940(k)). 2 || Accordingly, the Court dismisses the retaliation claim. 3 || IV. CONCLUSION 4 For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS the motion to dismiss with leave to amend 5 to address the deficiencies described above, with the exception of the disability discrimination 6 || claim. Olsen shall file an amended complaint by March 1, 2022. 7 IT IS SO ORDERED. 8 Dated: February 15, 2022 9 10 EDWARD J. DAVILA United States District Judge 12

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Z 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 || Case No.: 5:21-cv-03891-EJD ORDER GRANTING MOT. TO DISMISS