UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK TODD O'LEE, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 97-1965 SENTARA HOSPITAL, d/b/a Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Norfolk. John A. MacKenzie, Senior District Judge. (CA-96-840-2)
Argued: January 26, 1998
Decided: April 3, 1998
Before RUSSELL,* WIDENER, and WILKINS, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________________________________________
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL
ARGUED: Christopher Colt North, Newport News, Virginia, for Appellant. William E. Rachels, Jr., WILLCOX & SAVAGE, P.C., Norfolk, Virginia, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Susan R. Blackman, WILLCOX & SAVAGE, P.C., Norfolk, Virginia, for Appellee. _________________________________________________________________ *Judge Russell participated in the hearing of this case at oral argument but died prior to the time the decision was filed. The decision is filed by a quorum of the panel. See 28 U.S.C.A.§ 46(d) (West 1993). Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See Local Rule 36(c).
_________________________________________________________________
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Patrick Todd O'Lee appeals an order of the district court granting summary judgment to Sentara Hospital (Sentara) on O'Lee's claim of age discrimination in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employ- ment Act (ADEA) of 1967. See 29 U.S.C.A.§§ 621-34 (West 1985 & Supp. 1997). Finding no error, we affirm.
I.
Prior to his termination in 1995, O'Lee was employed by Sentara as a perfusionist. In this capacity, O'Lee operated a heart-lung bypass machine during open-heart surgeries. On August 2, 1995, O'Lee assisted an open-heart surgery. After the surgery ended at 5:15 p.m., O'Lee remained in the hospital for approximately one and one-half hours. During that time, O'Lee periodically checked the status of the patient, who had not yet been transferred out of the operating room. When O'Lee believed that the patient was about to be transferred to the intensive care unit, he left the hospital. Before departing, O'Lee informed the charge nurse that he was leaving, that another perfusion- ist was on call, and that O'Lee could be reached on his beeper if needed.
At 7:00 p.m., the patient's condition deteriorated. The charge nurse attempted to reach O'Lee on Sentara's paging system, but, receiving no response, beeped the on-call perfusionist. The on-call perfusionist did not arrive at the hospital until 40 minutes later, during which time doctors kept the patient alive with manual chest compressions. Although the patient was successfully placed on bypass, he died later that evening.
Pamela Robertson, then director of Sentara's Cardiac Vascular Transplant Operating Center, evaluated whether Sentara should take
2 disciplinary action against O'Lee for his unavailability following the surgery. Because Sentara had no written policy regarding how soon after an operation a perfusionist may leave the hospital, Robertson obtained statements from the other perfusionists regarding their stan- dards of postoperative care. All of the staff perfusionists stated that they would not leave the operating room or its adjoining rooms, let alone the hospital, until after the patient had been safely transferred from the operating room to the appropriate postoperative care unit. Robertson also consulted other members of the operating room team regarding their expectations of perfusionists following surgery. Each of these individuals stated that by leaving the operating room too soon, a perfusionist compromises the ability of the operating room team to provide the required clinical care in the event the patient's condition becomes unstable before transfer. Based on Robertson's interviews, Sentara discharged O'Lee for failing to maintain accept- able standards of work performance.
In August 1996, O'Lee filed this action alleging that Sentara dis- charged him because of his age, rather than his job performance, in violation of the ADEA. Following discovery, the district court granted Sentara's motion for summary judgment. This appeal fol- lowed.
II.
We review de novo an order of the district court granting summary judgment. See Nguyen v. CNA Corp., 44 F.3d 234, 236 (4th Cir. 1995). In so doing, we must view all reasonable inferences drawn from the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, and determine whether any material issues of fact exist for trial. See id. at 236-37.
To prevail in a suit under the ADEA, O'Lee must prove that but for Sentara's discriminatory intent, he would not have been dis- charged. See Conkwright v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 933 F.2d 231, 233 (4th Cir. 1991). O'Lee can achieve this result in one of two ways. He can offer direct evidence that Sentara would not have discharged him but for his age; or he can invoke a variant of the burden-shifting scheme articulated in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). See Conkwright, 933 F.2d at 233-34. Because O'Lee has
3 offered no direct evidence of age discrimination by Sentara, we exam- ine O'Lee's case under McDonnell Douglas.
The first stage of the McDonnell Douglas paradigm requires O'Lee to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination. Once O'Lee proves a prima facie case, the burden of articulating a legitimate, non- discriminatory explanation for its action shifts to Sentara during the second stage of the paradigm. See EEOC v. Clay Printing Co., 955 F.2d 936, 941 (4th Cir. 1992). If Sentara successfully carries this bur- den, then the third stage requires O'Lee to demonstrate by a prepon- derance of the evidence that Sentara's proffered reason was pretextual. See id.
O'Lee can establish a prima facie case of age discrimination by demonstrating
that (1) he was in the age group protected by the ADEA; (2) he was discharged or demoted; (3) at the time of his dis- charge or demotion, he was performing his job at a level that met his employer's legitimate expectations; and (4) his dis- charge occurred under circumstances that raise a reasonable inference of unlawful age discrimination.
Halperin v. Abacus Tech. Corp., 128 F.3d 191, 201 (4th Cir. 1997). Although the district court concluded that O'Lee had failed to show that he was meeting Sentara's legitimate expectations at the time of his discharge, for purposes of this opinion we assume that O'Lee established a prima facie case of age discrimination.
In response to O'Lee's prima facie case of age discrimination, Sen- tara explains that it discharged O'Lee because his unavailability on the evening of August 2 compromised patient care and demonstrated his failure to maintain acceptable standards of work performance. O'Lee maintains that Sentara's articulated nondiscriminatory reason is pretextual.
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK TODD O'LEE, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 97-1965 SENTARA HOSPITAL, d/b/a Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Norfolk. John A. MacKenzie, Senior District Judge. (CA-96-840-2)
Argued: January 26, 1998
Decided: April 3, 1998
Before RUSSELL,* WIDENER, and WILKINS, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________________________________________
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL
ARGUED: Christopher Colt North, Newport News, Virginia, for Appellant. William E. Rachels, Jr., WILLCOX & SAVAGE, P.C., Norfolk, Virginia, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Susan R. Blackman, WILLCOX & SAVAGE, P.C., Norfolk, Virginia, for Appellee. _________________________________________________________________ *Judge Russell participated in the hearing of this case at oral argument but died prior to the time the decision was filed. The decision is filed by a quorum of the panel. See 28 U.S.C.A.§ 46(d) (West 1993). Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See Local Rule 36(c).
_________________________________________________________________
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Patrick Todd O'Lee appeals an order of the district court granting summary judgment to Sentara Hospital (Sentara) on O'Lee's claim of age discrimination in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employ- ment Act (ADEA) of 1967. See 29 U.S.C.A.§§ 621-34 (West 1985 & Supp. 1997). Finding no error, we affirm.
I.
Prior to his termination in 1995, O'Lee was employed by Sentara as a perfusionist. In this capacity, O'Lee operated a heart-lung bypass machine during open-heart surgeries. On August 2, 1995, O'Lee assisted an open-heart surgery. After the surgery ended at 5:15 p.m., O'Lee remained in the hospital for approximately one and one-half hours. During that time, O'Lee periodically checked the status of the patient, who had not yet been transferred out of the operating room. When O'Lee believed that the patient was about to be transferred to the intensive care unit, he left the hospital. Before departing, O'Lee informed the charge nurse that he was leaving, that another perfusion- ist was on call, and that O'Lee could be reached on his beeper if needed.
At 7:00 p.m., the patient's condition deteriorated. The charge nurse attempted to reach O'Lee on Sentara's paging system, but, receiving no response, beeped the on-call perfusionist. The on-call perfusionist did not arrive at the hospital until 40 minutes later, during which time doctors kept the patient alive with manual chest compressions. Although the patient was successfully placed on bypass, he died later that evening.
Pamela Robertson, then director of Sentara's Cardiac Vascular Transplant Operating Center, evaluated whether Sentara should take
2 disciplinary action against O'Lee for his unavailability following the surgery. Because Sentara had no written policy regarding how soon after an operation a perfusionist may leave the hospital, Robertson obtained statements from the other perfusionists regarding their stan- dards of postoperative care. All of the staff perfusionists stated that they would not leave the operating room or its adjoining rooms, let alone the hospital, until after the patient had been safely transferred from the operating room to the appropriate postoperative care unit. Robertson also consulted other members of the operating room team regarding their expectations of perfusionists following surgery. Each of these individuals stated that by leaving the operating room too soon, a perfusionist compromises the ability of the operating room team to provide the required clinical care in the event the patient's condition becomes unstable before transfer. Based on Robertson's interviews, Sentara discharged O'Lee for failing to maintain accept- able standards of work performance.
In August 1996, O'Lee filed this action alleging that Sentara dis- charged him because of his age, rather than his job performance, in violation of the ADEA. Following discovery, the district court granted Sentara's motion for summary judgment. This appeal fol- lowed.
II.
We review de novo an order of the district court granting summary judgment. See Nguyen v. CNA Corp., 44 F.3d 234, 236 (4th Cir. 1995). In so doing, we must view all reasonable inferences drawn from the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, and determine whether any material issues of fact exist for trial. See id. at 236-37.
To prevail in a suit under the ADEA, O'Lee must prove that but for Sentara's discriminatory intent, he would not have been dis- charged. See Conkwright v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 933 F.2d 231, 233 (4th Cir. 1991). O'Lee can achieve this result in one of two ways. He can offer direct evidence that Sentara would not have discharged him but for his age; or he can invoke a variant of the burden-shifting scheme articulated in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). See Conkwright, 933 F.2d at 233-34. Because O'Lee has
3 offered no direct evidence of age discrimination by Sentara, we exam- ine O'Lee's case under McDonnell Douglas.
The first stage of the McDonnell Douglas paradigm requires O'Lee to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination. Once O'Lee proves a prima facie case, the burden of articulating a legitimate, non- discriminatory explanation for its action shifts to Sentara during the second stage of the paradigm. See EEOC v. Clay Printing Co., 955 F.2d 936, 941 (4th Cir. 1992). If Sentara successfully carries this bur- den, then the third stage requires O'Lee to demonstrate by a prepon- derance of the evidence that Sentara's proffered reason was pretextual. See id.
O'Lee can establish a prima facie case of age discrimination by demonstrating
that (1) he was in the age group protected by the ADEA; (2) he was discharged or demoted; (3) at the time of his dis- charge or demotion, he was performing his job at a level that met his employer's legitimate expectations; and (4) his dis- charge occurred under circumstances that raise a reasonable inference of unlawful age discrimination.
Halperin v. Abacus Tech. Corp., 128 F.3d 191, 201 (4th Cir. 1997). Although the district court concluded that O'Lee had failed to show that he was meeting Sentara's legitimate expectations at the time of his discharge, for purposes of this opinion we assume that O'Lee established a prima facie case of age discrimination.
In response to O'Lee's prima facie case of age discrimination, Sen- tara explains that it discharged O'Lee because his unavailability on the evening of August 2 compromised patient care and demonstrated his failure to maintain acceptable standards of work performance. O'Lee maintains that Sentara's articulated nondiscriminatory reason is pretextual.
In order to demonstrate pretext, O'Lee must prove that Sentara's reason was false and that age discrimination motivated Sentara's action. See id. at 201 & n.15. O'Lee contends that Sentara discharged
4 him not because of his job performance, but because it had an age- biased agenda, including a desire to eliminate older, nondegreed per- fusionists from the hospital staff. Apparently, formal degree programs are relatively new in the perfusion field, and O'Lee became a perfu- sionist by virtue of on-the-job training in the early 1970s, before the existence of the formal programs. O'Lee maintains that Sentara's desire to eliminate older perfusionists is evident in statements made by his fellow perfusionists and in Sentara's more favorable treatment of a younger perfusionist.
O'Lee contends that the age-biased sentiments held by the younger, degreed staff perfusionists contaminated Robertson's decisionmaking process and induced her to conclude that Sentara should discharge O'Lee. According to O'Lee, the perfusionists that Robertson inter- viewed intentionally concocted the standard of performance regarding postoperative care because they wanted older, nondegreed perfusion- ists, like O'Lee, removed from the staff. Even if this is so, however, it makes no difference. It is undisputed that Robertson had no reason to believe that the standard of care set forth by the perfusionists--and confirmed by others Robertson interviewed--was not the actual stan- dard of care. And, O'Lee does not dispute that Robertson relied on what she believed to be the standard of care in terminating him. Cf. Smith v. Flax, 618 F.2d 1062, 1067 (4th Cir. 1980) (explaining that in determining whether an employer's articulated reasons for dis- missal are pretextual, the perceptions of the relevant decisionmaker are pertinent).
Next, O'Lee contends that the fact that Sentara allowed a younger perfusionist to resign rather than be terminated demonstrates that Sen- tara desired to eliminate older perfusionists from its staff. We dis- agree. The employment problems that the younger perfusionist experienced at Sentara were associated with her tardiness. Thus, unlike O'Lee, whose violation compromised critical postoperative patient care, the younger perfusionist's tardiness merely prevented the surgeries in which she was participating from beginning on time. Accordingly, O'Lee's situation and that of the younger perfusionist are not sufficiently comparable to provide evidence of pretext.
5 III.
Because O'Lee failed to create a genuine issue of material fact with respect to whether Sentara's nondiscriminatory explanation for its action is a mere pretext for discrimination, we hold that the district court did not err in granting summary judgment to Sentara.*
AFFIRMED _________________________________________________________________ *We grant O'Lee's motions for leave to file attachments to the open- ing and reply briefs and deny Sentara's motions to strike.