This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-2087
Ofiong Louis Sanders, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed July 13, 2015 Affirmed Chutich, Judge
Dakota County District Court File No. 19HA-CR-12-910
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Kathryn J. Lockwood, Assistant State Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
James C. Backstrom, Dakota County Attorney, Amy A. Schaffer, Assistant County Attorney, Hastings, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Chutich, Presiding Judge; Connolly, Judge; and Kirk,
Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
CHUTICH, Judge
Appellant challenges the denial of his postconviction petition seeking to withdraw
his guilty plea to attempted first-degree burglary. He argues that the factual basis for his
Alford plea was not accurate because it failed to establish the element of intent. Because
the factual basis was sufficient, we affirm.
FACTS
On March 13, 2012, the state filed a complaint charging appellant Ofiong Louis
Sanders with one count of first-degree burglary and two counts of interference with
privacy. The complaint alleged that on January 26, 2012, shortly before 6:00 a.m., a
woman heard movement in the living room of her apartment. She got out of bed and
entered the living room, where she saw an intruder, later identified as Sanders, wearing a
mask and staring at her. She screamed and woke her boyfriend, who ran into the living
room and saw, from the second-floor balcony, Sanders walking with a slight limp in the
middle of the street. After the couple called the police, photographs were taken of a
distinct shoe print left on the balcony railing and in the snow underneath the balcony.
The complaint further alleged that the interference-with-privacy events occurred
on two separate occasions when Sanders was seen standing outside the ground-floor
bedroom window of another couple’s apartment. On February 8, 2012, a woman and her
husband reported that a man was standing outside their bedroom window. On March 7,
2012, the couple again reported that the same man, later identified as Sanders, was
standing outside of their bedroom window. After seeing Sanders, the husband grabbed a
2 baseball bat and went outside. He saw Sanders drive his car around the apartment
building and park the car on the other side of the building. The husband confronted
Sanders about standing outside of the bedroom window, but Sanders said that he was just
getting home from work and did not know what the husband was talking about. Sanders
then entered the apartment building. Sanders was later found to be on the lease with his
parents for an apartment within the same building. The husband also recorded the license
plate number of the car. The car was registered to Sanders’s father. Police photographed
shoeprints in the snow outside of the couple’s bedroom window. After executing a
search warrant, officers found shoes in Sanders’s bedroom of the same size and tread
pattern as the shoeprints left in the snow after the burglary and interference-with-privacy
offenses.
On August 31, 2012, Sanders agreed to enter an Alford plea of guilty to an
amended charge of attempted first-degree burglary in exchange for the state’s dismissal
of the interference-with-privacy charges and an agreed-upon prison term. On the record,
the prosecutor asked Sanders if he had reviewed the reports and evidence against him,
and Sanders acknowledged that he had. The prosecutor set forth the underlying facts for
the burglary and interference-with-privacy charges, explaining the testimony and
evidence that the state would present to the jury at trial. After each factual description,
Sanders acknowledged that the testimony and evidence described would be presented to
the jury. The prosecutor then inquired about Sanders’s previous burglary convictions and
3 asked Sanders if he understood that evidence of the convictions could be presented to the
jury. Sanders responded “yes.” The prosecutor concluded with the following:
[Prosecutor]: So, Mr. Sanders, with the evidence that’s contained in the case that you’ve gone over with your attorney, the evidence that we just discussed, would you agree with me that there’s a substantial likelihood that if the jury heard that evidence and either heard some of your prior record, or maybe they don’t, that’s kind of an unknown at this point, that there’s a substantial likelihood that you would be convicted at trial of attempted burglary in the first degree?
[Sanders]: You never know who’s going to sit on the jury.
[Prosecutor]: So you would agree with me then?
[Sanders]: I would agree with you then.
The district court asked Sanders if he had enough time to consider the agreement
and if he was pleading guilty to take advantage of the agreement. Sanders agreed with
both inquiries. The district court then asked Sanders, “And you feel like you understand
what Alford means and that this is the testimony the state would present? Not that you
necessarily agree with it, but that there’s a substantial likelihood if all that testimony
came in, that a jury would find you guilty of the offense?” Sanders replied, “Yes,
ma’am.” After asking Sanders whether he had any questions for the court, his attorney,
or the prosecutor, the district court accepted Sanders’s guilty plea and sentenced him to
the agreed-upon prison term.
Sanders filed a postconviction petition on August 26, 2014, seeking to withdraw
his plea. Sanders argued that his guilty plea was invalid because the record contained no
reference to the intent element required for attempted first-degree burglary. The district
4 court denied postconviction relief, determining that a strong factual basis and Sanders’s
agreement that the evidence was sufficient to establish his conviction supported the
validity and accuracy of his Alford plea. Sanders appealed.
DECISION
Sanders challenges the district court’s denial of his postconviction petition to
withdraw his Alford plea. A defendant may withdraw a guilty plea at any time if
“withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice.” Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd.
1. A manifest injustice is established if a guilty plea is invalid, which means that the plea
is not “accurate, voluntary and intelligent.” State v. Theis, 742 N.W.2d 643, 646 (Minn.
2007) (quotation omitted). While we review the district court’s ultimate decision to deny
a postconviction petition for an abuse of discretion, the validity of a guilty plea is a
question of law that we review de novo. Barnslater v. State, 805 N.W.2d 910, 913
(Minn. App. 2011).
Sanders challenges only the accuracy of his Alford plea, arguing that it lacked an
adequate factual basis. The requirement that a plea be accurate “protects a defendant
from pleading guilty to a more serious offense than that for which he could be convicted
if he insisted on his right to trial.” State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 94 (Minn. 2010).
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-2087
Ofiong Louis Sanders, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed July 13, 2015 Affirmed Chutich, Judge
Dakota County District Court File No. 19HA-CR-12-910
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Kathryn J. Lockwood, Assistant State Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
James C. Backstrom, Dakota County Attorney, Amy A. Schaffer, Assistant County Attorney, Hastings, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Chutich, Presiding Judge; Connolly, Judge; and Kirk,
Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
CHUTICH, Judge
Appellant challenges the denial of his postconviction petition seeking to withdraw
his guilty plea to attempted first-degree burglary. He argues that the factual basis for his
Alford plea was not accurate because it failed to establish the element of intent. Because
the factual basis was sufficient, we affirm.
FACTS
On March 13, 2012, the state filed a complaint charging appellant Ofiong Louis
Sanders with one count of first-degree burglary and two counts of interference with
privacy. The complaint alleged that on January 26, 2012, shortly before 6:00 a.m., a
woman heard movement in the living room of her apartment. She got out of bed and
entered the living room, where she saw an intruder, later identified as Sanders, wearing a
mask and staring at her. She screamed and woke her boyfriend, who ran into the living
room and saw, from the second-floor balcony, Sanders walking with a slight limp in the
middle of the street. After the couple called the police, photographs were taken of a
distinct shoe print left on the balcony railing and in the snow underneath the balcony.
The complaint further alleged that the interference-with-privacy events occurred
on two separate occasions when Sanders was seen standing outside the ground-floor
bedroom window of another couple’s apartment. On February 8, 2012, a woman and her
husband reported that a man was standing outside their bedroom window. On March 7,
2012, the couple again reported that the same man, later identified as Sanders, was
standing outside of their bedroom window. After seeing Sanders, the husband grabbed a
2 baseball bat and went outside. He saw Sanders drive his car around the apartment
building and park the car on the other side of the building. The husband confronted
Sanders about standing outside of the bedroom window, but Sanders said that he was just
getting home from work and did not know what the husband was talking about. Sanders
then entered the apartment building. Sanders was later found to be on the lease with his
parents for an apartment within the same building. The husband also recorded the license
plate number of the car. The car was registered to Sanders’s father. Police photographed
shoeprints in the snow outside of the couple’s bedroom window. After executing a
search warrant, officers found shoes in Sanders’s bedroom of the same size and tread
pattern as the shoeprints left in the snow after the burglary and interference-with-privacy
offenses.
On August 31, 2012, Sanders agreed to enter an Alford plea of guilty to an
amended charge of attempted first-degree burglary in exchange for the state’s dismissal
of the interference-with-privacy charges and an agreed-upon prison term. On the record,
the prosecutor asked Sanders if he had reviewed the reports and evidence against him,
and Sanders acknowledged that he had. The prosecutor set forth the underlying facts for
the burglary and interference-with-privacy charges, explaining the testimony and
evidence that the state would present to the jury at trial. After each factual description,
Sanders acknowledged that the testimony and evidence described would be presented to
the jury. The prosecutor then inquired about Sanders’s previous burglary convictions and
3 asked Sanders if he understood that evidence of the convictions could be presented to the
jury. Sanders responded “yes.” The prosecutor concluded with the following:
[Prosecutor]: So, Mr. Sanders, with the evidence that’s contained in the case that you’ve gone over with your attorney, the evidence that we just discussed, would you agree with me that there’s a substantial likelihood that if the jury heard that evidence and either heard some of your prior record, or maybe they don’t, that’s kind of an unknown at this point, that there’s a substantial likelihood that you would be convicted at trial of attempted burglary in the first degree?
[Sanders]: You never know who’s going to sit on the jury.
[Prosecutor]: So you would agree with me then?
[Sanders]: I would agree with you then.
The district court asked Sanders if he had enough time to consider the agreement
and if he was pleading guilty to take advantage of the agreement. Sanders agreed with
both inquiries. The district court then asked Sanders, “And you feel like you understand
what Alford means and that this is the testimony the state would present? Not that you
necessarily agree with it, but that there’s a substantial likelihood if all that testimony
came in, that a jury would find you guilty of the offense?” Sanders replied, “Yes,
ma’am.” After asking Sanders whether he had any questions for the court, his attorney,
or the prosecutor, the district court accepted Sanders’s guilty plea and sentenced him to
the agreed-upon prison term.
Sanders filed a postconviction petition on August 26, 2014, seeking to withdraw
his plea. Sanders argued that his guilty plea was invalid because the record contained no
reference to the intent element required for attempted first-degree burglary. The district
4 court denied postconviction relief, determining that a strong factual basis and Sanders’s
agreement that the evidence was sufficient to establish his conviction supported the
validity and accuracy of his Alford plea. Sanders appealed.
DECISION
Sanders challenges the district court’s denial of his postconviction petition to
withdraw his Alford plea. A defendant may withdraw a guilty plea at any time if
“withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice.” Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd.
1. A manifest injustice is established if a guilty plea is invalid, which means that the plea
is not “accurate, voluntary and intelligent.” State v. Theis, 742 N.W.2d 643, 646 (Minn.
2007) (quotation omitted). While we review the district court’s ultimate decision to deny
a postconviction petition for an abuse of discretion, the validity of a guilty plea is a
question of law that we review de novo. Barnslater v. State, 805 N.W.2d 910, 913
(Minn. App. 2011).
Sanders challenges only the accuracy of his Alford plea, arguing that it lacked an
adequate factual basis. The requirement that a plea be accurate “protects a defendant
from pleading guilty to a more serious offense than that for which he could be convicted
if he insisted on his right to trial.” State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 94 (Minn. 2010).
“Accuracy requires that the plea be supported by a proper factual basis, that there must be
sufficient facts on the record to support a conclusion that [the] defendant’s conduct falls
within the charge to which he desires to plead guilty.” State v. Iverson, 664 N.W.2d 346,
349 (Minn. 2003) (quotation omitted). “[C]areful scrutiny of the factual basis for the plea
is necessary within the context of an Alford plea because of the inherent conflict in
5 pleading guilty while maintaining innocence.” Theis, 742 N.W.2d at 648-49. In addition
to the strong-factual-basis requirement, an Alford plea satisfies the accuracy requirement
when the defendant agrees that the evidence is sufficient to support a conviction. Id. at
649.
Sanders pleaded guilty to one count of attempted first-degree burglary, in violation
of Minnesota Statutes section 609.582, subdivision 1(a) (2012). The statute provides that
“[w]hoever enters a building without consent and with intent to commit a crime, or enters
a building without consent and commits a crime while in the building,” commits first-
degree burglary if “the building is a dwelling and another person, not an accomplice, is
present in it when the burglar enters or at any time while the burglar is in the building.”
Id. A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime if “with intent to commit a crime,”
that person takes “a substantial step toward . . . the commission of the crime.” Minn.
Stat. § 609.17, subd. 1 (2012).
Sanders asserts that the factual basis for his plea was inadequate because his
testimony did not establish that he had the requisite intent to commit a burglary or that he
made a substantial step toward committing a burglary. Minnesota law, however, does not
require an expression of intent where the record establishes that a defendant
acknowledged that the state had sufficient evidence to convict the defendant of the
charged crime. See State v. Ecker, 524 N.W.2d 712, 717 (Minn. 1994).
In Ecker, the appellant challenged his guilty plea to first-degree murder, arguing
that it was inaccurate and lacked a sufficient factual basis because he failed to
acknowledge an intent to kill during his plea. Id. at 716. The supreme court concluded
6 that the appellant entered a valid Alford plea and explained that “the primary problem
with [the appellant’s] argument is that Alford . . . and the cases that have followed, allow
[the appellant] to plead guilty without expressing the requisite intent so long as he
believed the state’s evidence was sufficient to convict him.” Id. at 717.
While Sanders acknowledges the finding in Ecker, he nonetheless argues that
nothing in the record shows what evidence the state would present regarding the element
of intent. He contends that the lack of evidence and the failure to mention intent during
the plea hearing demonstrates that Sanders’s Alford plea was inaccurate. The record,
however, supports a finding that the state provided an adequate factual basis. During the
plea colloquy, the prosecutor questioned Sanders about the events of January 26, 2012,
and about the evidence the state was prepared to present at trial. The evidence included
the testimony of the victims, police officers, and representatives of the Minnesota Bureau
of Criminal Apprehension. It also included evidence of Sanders’s criminal history
involving several burglary convictions. When the district court asked Sanders if he
understood what testimony the state would present and if he believed that there was a
substantial likelihood that a jury would find him guilty of attempted first-degree burglary,
Sanders answered in the affirmative.
Even though Sanders was not specifically questioned about his intent to commit
attempted first-degree burglary, the record shows that he pleaded guilty to the crime
based on his admission that a substantial likelihood existed that a jury would convict him.
7 Accordingly, we conclude that an adequate factual basis was established in the record to
support Sanders’s plea of guilty to attempted first-degree burglary.
Affirmed.