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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 O’BRIEN & ASSOCIATES, INC., 3 Plaintiff/Appellee, 4 v. NO. 30,724
5 BEHLES LAW FIRM, P.C., a New Mexico 6 Professional Corporation, RON MILLER, 7 CPA, a New Mexico Professional Corporation,
8 Defendants/Appellants.
9 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SIERRA COUNTY 10 Edmund H. Kase III, District Judge
11 Atkinson, Thal & Baker, P.C. 12 Douglas A. Baker 13 Justin D. Rodriguez 14 Albuquerque, NM
15 for Appellee
16 Behles Law Firm, P.C. 17 Jennie Deden Behles 18 Eric N. Ortiz 19 Albuquerque, NM
20 for Appellants
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1 MEMORANDUM OPINION 2 BUSTAMANTE, Judge. 3 The district court ruled that Appellants Behles Law Firm and Ron Miller, CPA, 4 did not have an enforceable interest in Appellee O’Brien & Associates’ property. We 5 affirm. 6 A. Procedural and Factual Background 7 This case began life as an effort by O’Brien to cancel liens on a certain parcel 8 of real property so that it could be sold.1 The complaint alleged that Appellants 9 claimed their interest in the property “by way of a security agreement.” Appellants 10 answered asserting that they also claimed an interest in the property pursuant to “a 11 transcript of judgment against [Ron] Green and Riverside Properties which was 12 properly perfected as against the real estate.” 13 The prior judgment Appellants relied on was entered in a collection action filed 14 in 2004 against Ron Green and an entity called Riverside Properties Corporation. 15 Appellants in that case sought to collect sums owed them for professional services
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16 Early in the litigation, the parties entered into a stipulated motion allowing sale 17 of the real estate free and clear of liens. The proceeds of the sale were to be placed 18 into the court registry pending final determination of the validity, priority, and extent 19 of the parties’ claims. After the sale, the parties undertook to litigate the validity and 20 intent of their claims that, per the stipulated order, attached to the proceeds of the sale.
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1 rendered. The suit also sought to foreclose on a series of security interests granted to 2 them as security for the fees owed. One of the security agreements covered “and [sic] 3 undivided one-half (½) interest in all of Riverside Properties Corporation’s interest 4 in assignment of the Molly Doolittle contract on real property and water rights.” The 5 suit was filed and the judgment was entered as a matter of agreement between 6 Appellants and Ron Green. The judgment resulted in the entry and recording of the 7 transcript of judgment referred to in Appellants’ answer in this case. 8 The real estate was initially purchased by O’Brien from Molly Doolittle in 9 1999. Though the record is not entirely clear, it appears that in early 2002 O’Brien 10 entered into an arrangement with Ron Green to help with development of the property. 11 By August 22, 2002, the arrangement changed, resulting in execution of a Realtors 12 Association of New Mexico Real Estate Contract for sale of an undescribed piece of 13 realty by O’Brien to an entity called Del Rio Corporation. The buyer’s signature was 14 provided by “Ron Green - Manager.” The August 22, 2002, contract was not intended 15 to be a final contract and was not recorded. Ron Green was supposed to, but did not, 16 prepare final documents and set up an escrow on behalf of Del Rio Corporation. The 17 district court found that Del Rio Corporation did not fulfill the terms of the August 22, 18 2002, contract and was in default as of 2003.
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1 Ostensibly—though again the record is less than clear—Riverside Properties 2 was an entity created by Ron Green to fulfill the buyer’s obligation under the August 3 22, 2002, contract. The district court found that there was no written assignment of 4 the August 22, 2002, contract by Del Rio Corporation to Riverside Properties or any 5 other entity. Riverside Properties’ certificate of incorporation was revoked by the 6 State of New Mexico effective March 31, 2003, and was never reinstated. 7 The district court entered a number of findings of fact concerning the formation 8 of Riverside Properties and the actions it took after formation. The gist of the findings 9 is that Ron Green forged Shelby Phillips’ name on the creation documents as well as 10 the security agreements relied on by Appellants in their collection action. The district 11 court found that Ron Green had no authority to sign Shelby Phillips’ name to any of 12 the documents bearing his name. The district court also found that at some point 13 Appellants became aware that Ron Green had falsely signed and forged Shelby 14 Phillips’ name to all the documents and that Appellants continued to use and rely on 15 the documents knowing that they were forged. Finally, the district court found that 16 Riverside Properties never owed Appellants any money. 17 The district court found that “Ron Green, individually, was never intended to 18 be an owner of the property or to be bound by the August 22, 2002[,] contract.” The 19 district court also found that Ron Green never owned any interest in the Molly
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1 Doolittle contract or the property. The district court also found that “Behles and 2 Miller stipulated to this Court that Ron Green did not have any interest in the property 3 and/or that any such interest in the property had been abandoned prior to or as a result 4 of the bankruptcy.” 5 B. Appellants’ Evidentiary Issues Cannot be Addressed 6 The Appellants’ brief in chief presents a convoluted melange of evidence-based 7 issues and legal issues. Appellants indiscriminately interweave challenges to the 8 district court’s findings of fact with assertions that the district court should have found 9 other facts alongside arguments concerning evidentiary rulings. The mix would be 10 difficult to follow even if the parties had practiced good briefing techniques in 11 compliance with the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Unfortunately for this Court, 12 Appellants have wholly failed to comply with the rules. Appellants’ briefing renders 13 it virtually impossible to review their assertions because they fail to properly cite to 14 the record and fail to present the pertinent evidence as a whole. See Wachocki v. 15 Bernalillo Cnty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 2010-NMCA-021, ¶ 15, 147 N.M. 720, 228 P.3d 504, 16 aff’d,2011-NMSC-039, 150 N.M. 650, 265 P.3d 701. As we reminded the bar in 17 Wachocki, the only way to properly support a challenge to the sufficiency of the 18 evidence is to provide appropriate “citations to authorities, record proper, transcript 19 of proceedings or exhibits relief on.” Rule 12-213(A)(4) NMRA. Where a party fails
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1 to appropriately cite to the record, the Court need not consider unsupported 2 arguments. Wachocki, 2010-NMCA-021, ¶ 15. 3 In this case, this Court is doubly hampered in its efforts to review and resolve 4 the issues. First, Appellants have not provided us a transcript of the trial proceedings. 5 Lack of a transcript creates obvious problems for the Court and for the parties in 6 deciphering what evidence the district court heard and relied on in its rulings. It also 7 makes it impossible for Appellants to include as they must “the substance of all the 8 evidence bearing upon a proposition” if they wish to challenge the district court’s 9 findings of fact. Martinez v. Sw. Landfills, Inc., 115 N.M. 181, 186, 848 P.2d 1108, 10 1113 (Ct. App. 1993). We did receive recordings of the trial but Appellants wholly 11 failed to provide citations to the recordings. Second, Appellants did not provide us 12 any of the exhibits admitted at trial. This created obvious difficulties for this Court 13 in deciding the case. Even after the Court alerted the Appellants to the problem, they 14 did nothing to remedy the problem. Finally, out of an abundance of caution, the Court 15 took it upon itself to have the exhibits transported.2 16 Appellants’ briefs—obviously—include no citations to the trial testimony and 17 other trial proceedings. Appellants do cite to large sections of the record proper at
2 18 We hereby deny Appellants’ Motion to Set Aside Order and/or Response to 19 Order Concerning Exhibits” filed in response to our “Order Concerning Trial 20 Exhibits.”
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1 times, but the references are to court monitor logs and are not helpful or relevant. At 2 other points, Appellants attempt to cite to trial testimony contained in the record 3 proper, but the citations are of no use because there is no reference to a record proper 4 page. We will not search a 5000-plus page record proper to do what is Appellants’ 5 job. 6 As a result of Appellants’ failure in connection with their briefing, all of their 7 evidentiary-based arguments are deemed waived. We will not entertain any of them 8 substantively. Wachocki, 2010-NMCA-021, ¶ 17. As a result, the district court’s 9 findings of fact will stand unchallenged. In addition, we will not consider any 10 arguments that the district court improperly excluded evidence or failed to make or 11 adopt other findings of fact. 12 C. General Challenges 13 Appellants make three preliminary legal arguments concerning the district 14 court’s findings of fact which we will deal with before moving on to the substantive 15 issues in the case. Appellants contend that the district court committed reversible 16 error by: (1) adopting O’Brien’s requested findings and conclusions “wholesale” and 17 with no evidence of independent consideration; (2) adopting “antagonistic” findings, 18 and (3) reversing a judgment entered earlier in the case by a “separate court.” We are 19 not persuaded.
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1 First, the record available to us on its face indicates that the district court 2 exercised independent judgment in arriving at its decision. The district court adopted 3 the majority of O’Brien’s proposed findings of fact, but not all of them. The rejected 4 proposed findings reflected a theory of the case against Appellants (that Appellants 5 themselves were guilty of fraud because they continued to rely on forged documents 6 after they became aware of the forgery) that the district court rejected. Other rejected 7 findings reflect an alternative theory of O’Brien’s requesting payment in full of 8 amounts due on the real estate contract if the district court found that the contract had 9 somehow survived. The district court also rejected a number of O’Brien’s requested 10 findings concerning Carl Kelly Construction, a party not involved in this appeal. 11 Thus, the district court acted in accordance with our caution that district courts 12 “should generally avoid verbatim adoption” of findings and conclusions submitted by 13 parties. Pollock v. Ramirez, 117 N.M. 187, 192, 870 P.2d 149, 154 (Ct. App. 1994). 14 More importantly, there is no indication that the district court’s findings are not 15 supported by substantial evidence. As such, even if the district court had adopted 16 O’Brien’s findings verbatim, there would be no reversible error. Id. 17 Second, the district court’s findings are not “antagonistic” or conflicting. We 18 perceive the findings as a stepped response to Appellants’ theories of recovery. In this 19 sense, they are analogous to pleading causes of action in the alternative. Thus, for
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1 example, it is not inconsistent for the district court to find that a real estate contract 2 failed to pass any title because of defects in its form but, in the alternative, also find 3 that—if the contract could be held to be effective—that it was later properly 4 terminated. Further, even if we were to find that certain of the district court’s findings 5 were erroneous, reversal would not be required. In keeping with our general 6 presumption of correctness, if erroneous findings are not necessary to “support the 7 judgment . . . and other valid material findings uphold the trial court’s decision, the 8 trial court’s decision will not be overturned.” Normand ex rel. Normand v. Ray, 109 9 N.M. 403, 411, 785 P.2d 743, 751 (1990). In any event, as we shall see, Appellants’ 10 own approach and theory on appeal obviate most, if not all, of the concerns they raise. 11 Appellants’ third general assault on the district court’s findings is difficult to 12 parse. At one point, Appellants seem to argue that the district court could not reverse 13 a summary judgment entered earlier in the same case but by a predecessor judge. If 14 this is Appellants’ argument, they are wrong. The general rule is that a grant or denial 15 of summary judgment is an interlocutory order subject to reconsideration 16 “notwithstanding the fact that a different judge had issued that ruling.” Tabet Lumber 17 Co. v. Romero, 117 N.M. 429, 431, 872 P.2d 847, 849 (1994). 18 At another point, Appellants seem to argue that the district court’s findings 19 somehow work to undermine or reverse the judgment previously entered against Ron
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1 Green and Riverside Properties. The judgment in the other case—or, more 2 particularly the transcript of judgment issued in the case—form a large part of 3 Appellants’ basis for their claims in this case. Without citation to the record, 4 Appellants assert that the district court “in its wholesale adoption of [O’Brien’s] 5 findings and conclusions ruled the judgment was void.” Without citation to the 6 record, it is difficult to decipher the argument, and we are tempted to simply refuse to 7 deal with it for the same reason. Instead, we reject the argument as irrelevant to our 8 resolution of the case. 9 Appellants’ theory of the case—as best we can decipher it—was that the 10 judgment entered in their collection action against Ron Green and Riverside Properties 11 created an enforceable lien on the vendee’s interest Green and Riverside held under 12 the August 22, 2002, real estate contract. Appellants’ theory was that their lien 13 attached to the vendee’s interests before the real estate contract was properly 14 terminated and that they could not be deprived of their lien by any termination of the 15 real estate contract which might occur during, or as a result of, this litigation. They 16 also argued below that the attempted termination of the August 22, 2002, real estate 17 contract was ineffective because the notice and demand was served on Del Rio 18 Corporation rather than Riverside Properties. Appellants asserted below that 19 Riverside Properties was the successor to Del Rio Corporation’s interest as purchaser
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1 under the August 22, 2002, real estate contract. The trial court rejected Appellants’ 2 theory of the case and their factual assertions. 3 On appeal, Appellants narrow their arguments substantially. Appellants inform 4 us that “[f]or purposes of this appeal, Miller et al., focuses on its personal judgment 5 lien held against Ron Green personally, which attached to the subject property when 6 it was recorded in Sierra County, attaching through the purchaser of [the] real estate 7 contract.” At page nine of the brief in chief, Appellants state: “Miller et 8 al[.] . . . abandon[] their interest in the security agreement between Miller et al[.] and 9 Riverside [Properties]. However, it still claims and [sic] interest in Ron Green 10 personally through its recorded transcript originated in Miller v. Green.” And at page 11 twelve of the brief in chief, Appellants state: “Yet, Miller et al. will for purposes for 12 [sic] this appeal, only claim an interest in land through Ron Green.” We take 13 Appellants’ statements as to the theory of their appellate argument at face value and 14 focus on Green’s interest in the property. 15 As a result of Appellants’ focus, the argument that the district court’s ruling 16 invalidated the prior judgment becomes irrelevant. All of the findings which can be 17 read to question the prior judgment involve either: (1) the district court’s finding that 18 the documents creating Riverside Properties and granting the security agreements 19 foreclosed in the prior case were forgeries; or (2) the fact that Riverside Properties’
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1 certificate of incorporation was revoked before any of the security agreements and 2 other documents in favor of Appellants were signed. None of these concerns directly 3 affect Ron Green’s personal interests in the property or his liabilities to Appellants. 4 We now turn to Appellants’ arguments concerning Green’s interest. 5 D. Green’s Interest 6 Appellants make three interrelated arguments with regard to Green’s interest 7 in the August 22, 2002, real estate contract. First, they argue that he was liable on the 8 contract because he signed the real estate contract “as a promoter of a corporation to 9 be formed.” Second, they note that the district court did not enter a finding that Green 10 was in default of the contract or that Green’s interest in the contract was ever 11 effectively terminated. Third, they argue that any termination of Green’s interest in 12 the real estate contract came too late to affect the validity of their lien and was 13 ineffective as to them at any rate because they were not included in the notice of 14 termination. Given our resolution of the issue, we need only address the first 15 contention. 16 We reject Appellants’ argument that Green was a party to the real estate 17 contract on both legal and factual grounds. Though it may be accurate in the abstract 18 to say that a promoter who contracts on behalf of a corporation contemplated, but not 19 yet organized, is personally bound, that abstraction must be tested against the factual
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1 circumstances in each case. Here, the corporation was formed, albeit under a different 2 name than is reflected in the real estate contract. Thus, there was no unidentified 3 principal that Green was acting for. More importantly, the district court found that 4 there was never an intent by the contracting parties that Green have a personal interest 5 in the real estate contract. O’Brien and Green both testified to that effect. Here, 6 O’Brien has never attempted to hold Green personally responsible for the real estate 7 contract. To the contrary, as the district court found, O’Brien did not want Green to 8 have a personal interest and worked to ensure he had no interest in the transaction. 9 To hold that Green had a personal interest contrary to this finding would be to impose 10 a contractual relationship on O’Brien and Green that neither contemplated or intended. 11 Courts should not rewrite contracts or impose a contractual relationship contrary to 12 the parties’ intent. To do so at the request of a stranger to the potential contractual 13 relationship is untenable. 14 All of these findings provide support for the district court’s ultimate decision 15 that Green individually never owned any interest in the Molly Doolittle contract or the 16 real estate contract. If Green had no individual interest in any of O’Brien’s property 17 or the real estate contract, Appellants’ transcript of judgment could not attach to or 18 create a lien on anything related to them.
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1 The case Appellants rely on is not on point. In the case Appellants cite, the 2 person in O’Brien’s position was attempting to impose contractual responsibilities on 3 an undisclosed principal, an entity in Riverside’s position here. Morris Oil Co. v. 4 Rainbow Oilfield Trucking, Inc., 106 N.M. 237, 240-41, 741 P.2d 840, 844-45 (Ct. 5 App. 1987). As noted, Appellants have waived any claim based on any interest 6 Riverside may have claimed. 7 As a closing note, we reiterate that district court’s findings that “Behles and 8 Miller stipulated to [the c]ourt that Ron Green did not have any interest in the property 9 and/or that any such interest in the property had been abandoned prior to or as a result 10 of the bankruptcy.” On its face, this finding seems dispositive of Appellants’ 11 argument on appeal. 12 Appellants do not mention this finding in their briefing. In our view, their 13 failure to do so is sanctionable given their approach to the appeal. 14 O’Brien also inexplicably failed to rely on this finding in its briefing. This 15 failure unduly complicated this Court’s work on the case and undoubtedly imposed 16 undue expense on O’Brien for its representation in this appeal. 17 CONCLUSION 18 For the reasons stated, we affirm the district court.
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1 IT IS SO ORDERED.
2 3 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge
4 WE CONCUR:
5 6 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge
7 8 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge