Oakland Police and Fire Retire v. Mayer Brown, LLP

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJune 28, 2017
Docket16-2983
StatusPublished

This text of Oakland Police and Fire Retire v. Mayer Brown, LLP (Oakland Police and Fire Retire v. Mayer Brown, LLP) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Oakland Police and Fire Retire v. Mayer Brown, LLP, (7th Cir. 2017).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 16‐2983 OAKLAND POLICE & FIRE RETIREMENT SYSTEM, et al., Plaintiffs‐Appellants,

v.

MAYER BROWN, LLP, Defendant‐Appellee. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 15 C 6742 — Robert W. Gettleman Judge. ____________________

ARGUED MARCH 30, 2017 — DECIDED JUNE 28, 2017 ____________________

Before POSNER, MANION, and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge. This appeal began with a $1.5 bil‐ lion (with a “b”) mistake in documenting a commercial trans‐ action. The central question is who might be held legally re‐ sponsible for that mistake. General Motors, represented by the Mayer Brown law firm, entered into two separate secured transactions in which the JP Morgan bank acted as agent for two different groups of lenders. The first loan (structured as a secured lease) was made in 2001 and the second in 2006. In 2 No. 16‐2983

2008, the 2001 secured lease was maturing and needed to be paid off. The closing for the 2001 payoff required the lenders to release their security interests in the collateral securing the transaction. The big mistake was that the closing papers for the 2001 deal accidentally also terminated the lenders’ secu‐ rity interests in the collateral securing the 2006 loan. No one noticed—not Mayer Brown and not JP Morgan’s counsel. But after General Motors filed for bankruptcy protection several months later in 2009, General Motors and JP Morgan noticed the error. Although the security for the plaintiffs’ 2006 loan had been terminated, the plaintiffs in this case (members of the consortium of lenders on the 2006 loan) were not in‐ formed until years later. These lenders brought this suit as‐ serting legal malpractice and negligent misrepresentation. But they sued not JP Morgan or its law firm, who would seem to be the most obvious defendants under the circumstances, but borrower General Motors’ law firm—Mayer Brown. The district court dismissed for failure to state a claim, holding that Mayer Brown did not owe a duty to plaintiffs, who are third‐party non‐clients. Oakland Police & Fire Retire‐ ment System v. Mayer Brown, LLP, No. 15 C 6742, 2016 WL 3459714, at *6 (N.D. Ill. June 22, 2016). Plaintiffs appealed, ar‐ guing that Mayer Brown owed them a duty of due care. Plain‐ tiffs offer three theories: (a) JP Morgan was a client of Mayer Brown in unrelated matters and thus not a third‐party non‐ client; (b) even if JP Morgan was a third‐party non‐client, Mayer Brown assumed a duty to JP Morgan by drafting the closing documents; and (c) the primary purpose of the Gen‐ eral Motors‐Mayer Brown relationship was to influence JP Morgan. We agree with Judge Gettleman that Mayer Brown No. 16‐2983 3

did not owe a duty to plaintiffs under any of these theories. We affirm the judgment dismissing the case. I. Factual and Procedural History We begin with the terms of the two transactions that led to this case and the mistake that might cost plaintiffs a great deal of money. We then review briefly the relevant portions of other lawsuits associated with this case. A. The 2001 Synthetic Lease A syndicate of lenders represented by JP Morgan entered into a secured financial agreement with General Motors in 2001 for $300 million. We call this transaction the 2001 Syn‐ thetic Lease. General Motors was represented by Mayer Brown in negotiating, documenting, and closing the deal. JP Morgan was represented by the Simpson, Thacher, and Bart‐ lett law firm. The arrangement required General Motors to sell twelve real estate properties to the lenders, who then leased those same properties back to General Motors. In es‐ sence, General Motors secured a loan with its real estate prop‐ erties. The security interests were perfected by UCC‐1 financ‐ ing statements. On October 31, 2008, the lease matured, and General Motors was scheduled to pay the remaining balance of the lease—$150 million. B. The 2006 Term Loan In 2006, General Motors borrowed $1.5 billion from a dif‐ ferent group of over 400 lenders, including plaintiffs Oakland Police and Fire Retirement System and the Employees’ Retire‐ ment System of the City of Montgomery. Again, JP Morgan acted as agent and held the security interests. The collateral for the loan was recorded in a UCC‐1 financing statement. We refer to this as the 2006 Term Loan. The 2001 Synthetic Lease 4 No. 16‐2983

and 2006 Term Loan were secured by different real estate properties for the benefit of two different groups of lenders. C. Mayer Brown’s Mistake In the month leading up to the maturity date, General Mo‐ tors instructed Mayer Brown to prepare the documents to pay off the 2001 Synthetic Lease. At closing, when General Motors paid the $150 million balance, JP Morgan, as agent for the lenders, would release the real estate serving as security. Mayer Brown prepared a closing checklist and drafted the rel‐ evant documents, including a UCC‐3 termination statement. A termination statement is a filing required to terminate a se‐ curity interest that has been perfected by a UCC‐1 filing. See 6 Del. Code §§ 9‐509 & 9‐513 (Delaware enactment of Uniform Commercial Code §§ 9‐509 & 9‐513). According to plaintiffs’ complaint, Mayer Brown mistakenly included the unrelated 2006 Term Loan UCC‐1 document as one of the financing statements to be terminated in paying off the 2001 Synthetic Lease. Mayer Brown thus prepared a UCC‐3 termination state‐ ment for the collateral for the $1.5 billion Term Loan. Mayer Brown provided the draft to JP Morgan’s counsel to review. Without catching the error, JP Morgan authorized the release of the collateral. Consequently, the $1.5 billion security inter‐ est for the plaintiff’s 2006 Term Loan was released along with the security interests for the remaining $150 million in the 2001 Synthetic Lease. The plaintiffs’ complaint offers the following autopsy of the error, which we accept for purposes of the motion to dis‐ miss: a senior Mayer Brown partner was responsible for su‐ pervising the work on the closing. He instructed an associate No. 16‐2983 5

to prepare the closing checklist. The associate, in turn, relied on a paralegal to identify the relevant UCC‐1 financing state‐ ments. As a cost‐saving measure, the paralegal used an old UCC search on General Motors and included the 2006 Term Loan. Another paralegal tasked with preparing the termina‐ tion statements recognized that the 2006 Term Loan had been included by mistake and informed the associate of the prob‐ lem, but he ignored the discrepancy. The erroneous checklist and documents were then sent to Simpson Thacher for re‐ view. The supervising partner at Mayer Brown never caught the error, nor did anyone else. With JP Morgan’s authoriza‐ tion, the 2001 Synthetic Lease payoff closed on October 30, 2008. D. The General Motors Bankruptcy In June 2009, less than a year after the 2001 Synthetic Lease payoff, General Motors filed for bankruptcy protection. Be‐ tween October 2008 and June 2009, however, General Motors continued to follow the terms of the 2006 Term Loan. Only during the bankruptcy proceedings did someone discover that the UCC‐3 termination statement had been filed in error for the collateral securing the 2006 Term Loan. Plaintiffs allege that JP Morgan chose not to tell the lenders. However, the bankruptcy court ordered General Motors to repay the 2006 Term Loan with interest, and General Motors complied in July 2009. The bankruptcy court thus treated the lenders as if they were still secured lenders, subject to the Creditors’ Commit‐ tee’s right to challenge the perfection of the security interest. Official Comm. of Unsecured Creditors v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (In re Motors Liquidation Co. I), 486 B.R. 596, 615, 617–18, 648 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2013). 6 No. 16‐2983

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (Supreme Court, 2007)
Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (Supreme Court, 2009)
Bonte v. U.S. Bank, N.A.
624 F.3d 461 (Seventh Circuit, 2010)
Treat v. TOM KELLEY BUICK PONTIAC GMC, INC.
646 F.3d 487 (Seventh Circuit, 2011)
Greycas, Inc. v. Theodore S. Proud
826 F.2d 1560 (Seventh Circuit, 1987)
Nelson v. Quarles and Brady, LLP
2013 IL App (1st) 123122 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 2013)
DeLuna v. Burciaga
857 N.E.2d 229 (Illinois Supreme Court, 2006)
First Midwest Bank, N.A. v. Stewart Title Guaranty Co.
843 N.E.2d 327 (Illinois Supreme Court, 2006)
Geaslen v. Berkson, Gorov & Levin, Ltd.
613 N.E.2d 702 (Illinois Supreme Court, 1993)
Fox v. Seiden
887 N.E.2d 736 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 2008)
Orr v. Shepard
524 N.E.2d 1105 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1988)
Kelley v. Carbone
837 N.E.2d 438 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 2005)
Gold v. Vasileff
513 N.E.2d 446 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1987)
FIRST NAT'L BK. OF MOLINE v. Califf, Harper, Fox & Dailey
548 N.E.2d 1361 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1989)
Jewish Hosp. v. BOARTMEN'S NAT. BANK
633 N.E.2d 1267 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1994)
Fitch v. McDermott, Will and Emery, LLP
929 N.E.2d 1167 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 2010)
Pelham v. Griesheimer
440 N.E.2d 96 (Illinois Supreme Court, 1982)
McLane v. Russell
546 N.E.2d 499 (Illinois Supreme Court, 1989)
Simon v. Wilson
684 N.E.2d 791 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1997)
Freedom Mortgage Corp. v. Burnham Mortgage, Inc.
720 F. Supp. 2d 978 (N.D. Illinois, 2010)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
Oakland Police and Fire Retire v. Mayer Brown, LLP, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/oakland-police-and-fire-retire-v-mayer-brown-llp-ca7-2017.