Oakhill Invest., L.L.C. v. Toe

2025 Ohio 4691
CourtOhio Court of Appeals
DecidedOctober 10, 2025
DocketL-25-00035
StatusPublished

This text of 2025 Ohio 4691 (Oakhill Invest., L.L.C. v. Toe) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Ohio Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Oakhill Invest., L.L.C. v. Toe, 2025 Ohio 4691 (Ohio Ct. App. 2025).

Opinion

[Cite as Oakhill Invest., L.L.C. v. Toe, 2025-Ohio-4691.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY

Oakhill Investment, LLC Court of Appeals No. L-25-00035

Appellee Trial Court No. CVI-24-17167

v.

Helena Toe, et al. DECISION AND JUDGMENT

Appellant Decided: October 10, 2025

*****

Douglas A. Wilkins, for appellee.

Karin L. Coble, for appellant.

George Thomas and B. Noah Woods, for amicus curiae, The Fair Housing Center.

***** OSOWIK, J.

{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a judgment by the Toledo Municipal Court, Housing

Division, which granted the motion filed in the small-claims division by plaintiff-appellee

Oak Hill Investment, LLC to disqualify attorney Rashad Z. Daoudi from representing

defendant-appellant Helena K. Toe for violating Prof.Cond.R. 7.3(a). The codefendant Kamah D. Venn and amicus curaie The Fair Housing Center are not parties to this

appeal.1 For the reasons set forth below, this court reverses the trial court’s judgment.

{¶ 2} Appellant sets forth two assignments of error:

1. The trial court abused its discretion by disqualifying Toe’s counsel of choice. 2. The trial court erred as a matter of law by disqualifying Daoudi on the basis that he acted with impropriety.

I. Background

{¶ 3} After appellant vacated a Toledo, Ohio residential unit she rented from

appellee, on September 25, 2024, appellee sent appellant and Venn, the guarantor/co-

signer, an itemization totaling $2,840 allegedly owed to appellee.2 When neither

appellant nor the guarantor paid within 10 days per the letter, on October 29, 2024,

appellee filed a small-claims complaint against appellant and Venn, the guarantor, in

Toledo Municipal Court for $2,840. Under R.C. 1925.04(B), the matter was immediately

set for a trial on December 3, 2024.

{¶ 4} The events that occurred outside of the small-claims courtroom on

December 3, 2024, prior to the start of the trial are the subject of appellee’s motion to

disqualify attorney Daoudi.

1 This appeal is about the act of solicitation by attorney Daoudi and not the public policy importance of that solicitation advanced in the briefs by appellant and the amicus curiae. 2 The itemization listed $1,680 for cleaning and repairs plus $1,410 for late fees and rent totaling $3,090. After deducting the $250 security deposit, the net total was $2,840. 2. {¶ 5} As is common practice at Toledo Municipal Court, parties and their

attorneys3 congregate in the hallway outside of the small-claims courtroom waiting to be

called in. Because settlement of small claims matters are encouraged under R.C. 1925.03,

negotiations may occur while the parties wait. Appellant waited alone in the hallway, and

appellee’s representative waited in the hallway with two attorneys: lead attorney Michael

O’Neill and attorney Douglas A. Wilkins, who signed and filed the complaint for

damages and the motion that is the subject of this appeal. Before approaching appellant to

discuss the case, attorney O’Neill saw attorney Daoudi in the same hallway, who was not

interacting with appellant. Attorney Daoudi was representing an unrelated client in an

unrelated matter that also involved appellee. When attorney O’Neill asked attorney

Daoudi if he was representing appellant or Venn in this matter, he denied it and didn’t

seem familiar with their case.

{¶ 6} Attorney O’Neill then proceeded to discuss resolving the case with appellant

in a nearby consultation room behind a closed door. At some point during that discussion

attorney O’Neill opened the door and exited the room, leaving appellant inside and the

door open. While attorney O’Neill discussed resolving the case in the hallway with his

client, attorney Daoudi, uninvited, entered the consultation room where appellant sat and

initiated a discussion with appellant.

{¶ 7} According to appellant, attorney Daoudi asked her if she had any questions

about appellee’s case against her. At some point during the discussion, appellant agreed

3 Under R.C. 1925.01(D), attorneys are permitted, but not required, to represent parties to small-claim matters. 3. to have attorney Daoudi represent her pro bono. No pro bono representation agreement,

which would specify the terms of attorney Daoudi’s representation of appellant, is in the

record. Appellant admits she did not know attorney Daoudi prior to meeting him on

December 3, 2024, although, contrary to attorney O’Neill’s affidavit, attorney Daoudi

claims he was “aware” of appellant’s case before the two met based on his experience “as

a clerk in small claims court and . . . knowledge about housing law and Plaintiff’s leases.”

{¶ 8} Nevertheless, we know appellant did not approach attorney Daoudi for

representation in this matter on December 3, because appellant admits she waited alone in

the hallway during which it was observed that she had no interaction with attorney

Daoudi, who was also present. Appellant further admits attorney Daoudi entered the

consultation room while attorney O’Neill was absent and initiated the ensuing discussion

that led to agreeing he represent her pro bono.

{¶ 9} Upon attorney O’Neill’s return to the consultation room, attorney Daoudi

announced he was representing appellant. Apparently, no further discussion to resolve the

case occurred, and everyone returned to the hallway to await the case to be called. When

the case was called before the small-claims magistrate, the December 3, 2024 journalized

entry does not indicate that attorney Daoudi verbally entered his appearance on behalf of

appellant or that he planned to assert counterclaims on her behalf or that he intended to

seek to transfer of the small-claims case to the regular docket under R.C. 1925.10.

Rather, the magistrate’s entry merely indicates, and the trial court affirms in a later

judgment entry, the matter was continued to January 14, 2025, which was subsequently

4. vacated and reset for March 11, to obtain completed service of process on Venn, who was

not present on December 3.

{¶ 10} Twenty days after first meeting appellant, attorney Daoudi entered his

appearance on behalf of appellant.

{¶ 11} Then on January 7, 2025, appellant, through attorney Daoudi, filed a

motion to assert counterclaims of unjust enrichment and breach of contract and to

specifically assert prayers for relief of $522.28 in damages under R.C. 5321.16(A) and

(C) and for attorney fees of $200.00 under R.C. 5321.16(B).

{¶ 12} On the next day appellee filed a motion to disqualify attorney Daoudi for

violating Prof.Cond.R. 7.3(a), regarding solicitation of clients, which states:

A lawyer shall not by in-person . . . contact solicit professional employment when a significant motive for the lawyer’s doing so is the lawyer’s pecuniary gain, unless either of the following applies: (1) the person contacted is a lawyer; (2) the person contacted has a family, close personal, or prior professional relationship with the lawyer.

To support the motion, appellee pointed to attorney O’Neill’s affidavit that attorney

Daoudi initiated in-person contact with appellant to solicit his services. Appellee also

pointed to appellant’s own motion to assert counterclaims showing attorney Daoudi’s

motive for pecuniary gain from the solicitation is the prayer for relief for attorney fees,

regardless of his initial motive.

{¶ 13} In response, appellant did not deny that attorney Daoudi solicited her for

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Spivey v. Bender
601 N.E.2d 56 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 1991)
Horen v. Board of Education
882 N.E.2d 14 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2007)
Dawn G. v. Michael L.G., Unpublished Decision (9-17-2004)
2004 Ohio 4920 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2004)
Whitehall v. Olander
2017 Ohio 2869 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2017)
Hatch v. Hatch
2019 Ohio 1414 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2019)
Columbus Bar Assn. v. Bahan (Slip Opinion)
2020 Ohio 434 (Ohio Supreme Court, 2020)
Starner v. Johnson
2020 Ohio 4580 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2020)
Johnson v. Abdullah (Slip Opinion)
2021 Ohio 3304 (Ohio Supreme Court, 2021)
Royal Indemnity Co. v. J. C. Penney Co.
501 N.E.2d 617 (Ohio Supreme Court, 1986)
Mentor Lagoons, Inc. v. Rubin
510 N.E.2d 379 (Ohio Supreme Court, 1987)
Parks v. Aburahma
2022 Ohio 4253 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2022)
Reid v. Reid
2023 Ohio 3140 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2023)
155 N. High, Ltd. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co.
1995 Ohio 85 (Ohio Supreme Court, 1995)
Christe v. GMS Mgt. Co., Inc.
2000 Ohio 351 (Ohio Supreme Court, 2000)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
2025 Ohio 4691, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/oakhill-invest-llc-v-toe-ohioctapp-2025.