18‐1012‐cv N.Y. State Elec. & Gas Corp. v. Century Indem. Co. et al.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 2 held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the 3 City of New York, on the 25th day of April, two thousand nineteen. 4 5 PRESENT: GUIDO CALABRESI, 6 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., 7 RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, 8 Circuit Judges. 9 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10 NEW YORK STATE ELECTRIC & 11 GAS CORPORATION, 12 13 Plaintiff‐Appellant, 14 15 v. No. 18‐1012‐cv 16 17 CENTURY INDEMNITY COMPANY, 18 ONEBEACON AMERICA INSURANCE 19 COMPANY, 20 1 Defendants‐Appellees. 2 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3 FOR APPELLANT: DAVID L. ELKIND, Anderson 4 Kill P.C., Washington, DC 5 (Joseph M. Saka, Lowenstein 6 Sandler LLP, Washington, DC, 7 on the brief).
8 FOR APPELLEE CENTURY JONATHAN D. HACKER, 9 INDEMNITY COMPANY: O’Melveny & Myers LLP, 10 Washington, DC (Bradley N. 11 Garcia, O’Melveny & Myers 12 LLP, Washington, DC, Robert 13 F. Walsh, White and Williams 14 LLP, New York, NY, on the 15 brief).
16 FOR APPELLEE ONEBEACON KEVIN J. O’CONNOR, (Peter C. 17 AMERICA INSURANCE Netburn, Michael C. Kinton, on 18 COMPANY: the brief), Hermes, Netburn, 19 O’Connor & Spearing, P.C., 20 Boston, MA.
21 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the
22 Northern District of New York (Thomas J. McAvoy, Judge).
23 New York State Electric & Gas Corporation (NYSEG) appeals from a
24 judgment of the District Court granting summary judgment to Century
25 Indemnity Company and OneBeacon America Insurance Company (together, the
26 Insurers) and dismissing the case. NYSEG brought suit against the Insurers,
2 1 seeking indemnity for costs associated with investigating and remediating
2 contamination at twenty‐two former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. The
3 Insurers contend primarily that they are not obligated to indemnify NYSEG
4 because NYSEG provided them late notice of occurrence. We assume the
5 parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and the record of prior proceedings,
6 to which we refer only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.
7 1. Waiver
8 NYSEG argues that Century and OneBeacon each waived its right to
9 disclaim coverage on late‐notice grounds. To demonstrate waiver, NYSEG
10 “must put forward evidence of a clear manifestation of intent to waive by the
11 other party.” Globecon Grp., LLC v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 434 F.3d 165, 176
12 (2d Cir. 2006) (quotation marks omitted); see also KeySpan Gas E. Corp. v.
13 Munich Reins. Am., Inc., 23 N.Y.3d 583, 591 (2014). NYSEG has not done so.
14 For Century, NYSEG points to a letter drafted by a claims handler for
15 Century’s predecessor. The draft letter disclaimed coverage for all sites,
16 including on late‐notice grounds, but was never sent to NYSEG. NYSEG argues
17 that the decision not to send the letter constituted a waiver. But NYSEG does
3 1 not dispute that the claims handler simply copied and pasted a different
2 disclaimer letter, stopped work without making a coverage decision when he
3 realized that NYSEG had not asked Century to take action on the sites, and never
4 presented the letter to anyone for approval. An unreviewed, unsent letter
5 cannot have “lulled [NYSEG] into sleeping on its rights,” Globecon, 434 F.3d at
6 176 (quotation marks omitted), especially where Century generally reserved its
7 rights under the policy and informed NYSEG that one issue could be “[w]hether
8 late notice bars coverage,” App’x 1176.
9 NYSEG claims that OneBeacon waived its late‐notice defense because it
10 denied coverage on late‐notice grounds under a different policy but did not
11 specifically disclaim coverage on late‐notice grounds under the policy at issue
12 here. But neither NYSEG nor OneBeacon was able to locate the relevant policy
13 until the start of this litigation. OneBeacon therefore did not have knowledge of
14 the facts upon which the existence of its right to disclaim coverage under the
15 relevant policy depended. See S. & E. Motor Hire Corp. v. N.Y. Indem. Co., 255
16 N.Y. 69, 72 (1930) (“[W]aiver is an intentional relinquishment of a right and
17 ordinarily must be predicated upon full knowledge of all the facts upon which
4 1 the existence of the right depends.”); Granite State Ins. Co. v. Transatl. Reins. Co.,
2 19 N.Y.S.3d 13, 18 (1st Dep’t 2015) (waiver could not be established as a matter of
3 law where it was unclear when a party obtained full knowledge of the terms of a
4 reinsurance transaction); cf. Emp’rs Ins. of Wausau v. Duplan Corp., No. 94‐CV‐
5 3143 (CSH), 1999 WL 777976, at *39 n.20 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 1999) (an insurer did
6 not abandon other defenses to missing policy when it argued that no policy had
7 been produced). In any event, OneBeacon explicitly reserved all of its rights
8 under the relevant policy even though it was initially unable to locate it.
9 2. Late Notice of Occurrence
10 Under New York law, compliance with the notice provisions of an
11 insurance contract is a condition precedent to an insurerʹs liability. See
12 Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. Int’l Flavors & Fragrances, Inc., 822 F.2d 267, 271
13 (2d Cir. 1987); Great Canal Realty Corp. v. Seneca Ins. Co., 5 N.Y.3d 742, 743
14 (2005). Both Century’s and OneBeacon’s policies required NYSEG to provide
15 notice of an occurrence. While NYSEG and OneBeacon dispute whether
16 NYSEG owed OneBeacon notice of an occurrence “as soon as practicable” or
17 only once NYSEG reasonably should have known that liability from the
5 1 occurrence was likely to implicate OneBeacon’s policy, we need not resolve the
2 issue because, under either standard, we agree that NYSEG failed to provide
3 timely notice of occurrence to the Insurers.
4 NYSEG reasonably should have known of occurrences at all its MGP sites
5 by July 1991 at the latest. All of NYSEG’s MGP sites had historically engaged in
6 the production of manufactured gas and produced the same contaminating
7 wastes. Evidence of contamination at a number of MGP sites should have
8 alerted NYSEG to the likelihood of contamination at others. In 1981 NYSEG
9 had already signed a consent order with the New York State Department of
10 Environmental Conservation (DEC) to remediate hazardous waste at one of the
11 MGP plants; in 1982 NYSEG notified the United States Environmental Protection
12 Agency that twenty‐two of its MGP sites contained potentially hazardous waste;
13 in December 1986 NYSEG reported contamination at every site for which
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18‐1012‐cv N.Y. State Elec. & Gas Corp. v. Century Indem. Co. et al.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 2 held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the 3 City of New York, on the 25th day of April, two thousand nineteen. 4 5 PRESENT: GUIDO CALABRESI, 6 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., 7 RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, 8 Circuit Judges. 9 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10 NEW YORK STATE ELECTRIC & 11 GAS CORPORATION, 12 13 Plaintiff‐Appellant, 14 15 v. No. 18‐1012‐cv 16 17 CENTURY INDEMNITY COMPANY, 18 ONEBEACON AMERICA INSURANCE 19 COMPANY, 20 1 Defendants‐Appellees. 2 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3 FOR APPELLANT: DAVID L. ELKIND, Anderson 4 Kill P.C., Washington, DC 5 (Joseph M. Saka, Lowenstein 6 Sandler LLP, Washington, DC, 7 on the brief).
8 FOR APPELLEE CENTURY JONATHAN D. HACKER, 9 INDEMNITY COMPANY: O’Melveny & Myers LLP, 10 Washington, DC (Bradley N. 11 Garcia, O’Melveny & Myers 12 LLP, Washington, DC, Robert 13 F. Walsh, White and Williams 14 LLP, New York, NY, on the 15 brief).
16 FOR APPELLEE ONEBEACON KEVIN J. O’CONNOR, (Peter C. 17 AMERICA INSURANCE Netburn, Michael C. Kinton, on 18 COMPANY: the brief), Hermes, Netburn, 19 O’Connor & Spearing, P.C., 20 Boston, MA.
21 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the
22 Northern District of New York (Thomas J. McAvoy, Judge).
23 New York State Electric & Gas Corporation (NYSEG) appeals from a
24 judgment of the District Court granting summary judgment to Century
25 Indemnity Company and OneBeacon America Insurance Company (together, the
26 Insurers) and dismissing the case. NYSEG brought suit against the Insurers,
2 1 seeking indemnity for costs associated with investigating and remediating
2 contamination at twenty‐two former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. The
3 Insurers contend primarily that they are not obligated to indemnify NYSEG
4 because NYSEG provided them late notice of occurrence. We assume the
5 parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and the record of prior proceedings,
6 to which we refer only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.
7 1. Waiver
8 NYSEG argues that Century and OneBeacon each waived its right to
9 disclaim coverage on late‐notice grounds. To demonstrate waiver, NYSEG
10 “must put forward evidence of a clear manifestation of intent to waive by the
11 other party.” Globecon Grp., LLC v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 434 F.3d 165, 176
12 (2d Cir. 2006) (quotation marks omitted); see also KeySpan Gas E. Corp. v.
13 Munich Reins. Am., Inc., 23 N.Y.3d 583, 591 (2014). NYSEG has not done so.
14 For Century, NYSEG points to a letter drafted by a claims handler for
15 Century’s predecessor. The draft letter disclaimed coverage for all sites,
16 including on late‐notice grounds, but was never sent to NYSEG. NYSEG argues
17 that the decision not to send the letter constituted a waiver. But NYSEG does
3 1 not dispute that the claims handler simply copied and pasted a different
2 disclaimer letter, stopped work without making a coverage decision when he
3 realized that NYSEG had not asked Century to take action on the sites, and never
4 presented the letter to anyone for approval. An unreviewed, unsent letter
5 cannot have “lulled [NYSEG] into sleeping on its rights,” Globecon, 434 F.3d at
6 176 (quotation marks omitted), especially where Century generally reserved its
7 rights under the policy and informed NYSEG that one issue could be “[w]hether
8 late notice bars coverage,” App’x 1176.
9 NYSEG claims that OneBeacon waived its late‐notice defense because it
10 denied coverage on late‐notice grounds under a different policy but did not
11 specifically disclaim coverage on late‐notice grounds under the policy at issue
12 here. But neither NYSEG nor OneBeacon was able to locate the relevant policy
13 until the start of this litigation. OneBeacon therefore did not have knowledge of
14 the facts upon which the existence of its right to disclaim coverage under the
15 relevant policy depended. See S. & E. Motor Hire Corp. v. N.Y. Indem. Co., 255
16 N.Y. 69, 72 (1930) (“[W]aiver is an intentional relinquishment of a right and
17 ordinarily must be predicated upon full knowledge of all the facts upon which
4 1 the existence of the right depends.”); Granite State Ins. Co. v. Transatl. Reins. Co.,
2 19 N.Y.S.3d 13, 18 (1st Dep’t 2015) (waiver could not be established as a matter of
3 law where it was unclear when a party obtained full knowledge of the terms of a
4 reinsurance transaction); cf. Emp’rs Ins. of Wausau v. Duplan Corp., No. 94‐CV‐
5 3143 (CSH), 1999 WL 777976, at *39 n.20 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 1999) (an insurer did
6 not abandon other defenses to missing policy when it argued that no policy had
7 been produced). In any event, OneBeacon explicitly reserved all of its rights
8 under the relevant policy even though it was initially unable to locate it.
9 2. Late Notice of Occurrence
10 Under New York law, compliance with the notice provisions of an
11 insurance contract is a condition precedent to an insurerʹs liability. See
12 Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. Int’l Flavors & Fragrances, Inc., 822 F.2d 267, 271
13 (2d Cir. 1987); Great Canal Realty Corp. v. Seneca Ins. Co., 5 N.Y.3d 742, 743
14 (2005). Both Century’s and OneBeacon’s policies required NYSEG to provide
15 notice of an occurrence. While NYSEG and OneBeacon dispute whether
16 NYSEG owed OneBeacon notice of an occurrence “as soon as practicable” or
17 only once NYSEG reasonably should have known that liability from the
5 1 occurrence was likely to implicate OneBeacon’s policy, we need not resolve the
2 issue because, under either standard, we agree that NYSEG failed to provide
3 timely notice of occurrence to the Insurers.
4 NYSEG reasonably should have known of occurrences at all its MGP sites
5 by July 1991 at the latest. All of NYSEG’s MGP sites had historically engaged in
6 the production of manufactured gas and produced the same contaminating
7 wastes. Evidence of contamination at a number of MGP sites should have
8 alerted NYSEG to the likelihood of contamination at others. In 1981 NYSEG
9 had already signed a consent order with the New York State Department of
10 Environmental Conservation (DEC) to remediate hazardous waste at one of the
11 MGP plants; in 1982 NYSEG notified the United States Environmental Protection
12 Agency that twenty‐two of its MGP sites contained potentially hazardous waste;
13 in December 1986 NYSEG reported contamination at every site for which
14 investigation had advanced enough to reach a conclusion; in 1987 the DEC told
15 NYSEG that MGP sites were categorically “a significant contamination problem”;
16 by 1989 NYSEG had projected $25 million in costs to investigate and remediate
17 twenty‐three MGP sites; and by July 1991 NYSEG’s investigations had either
6 1 confirmed or indicated contamination at twenty‐one of the twenty‐two sites at
2 issue in this case.
3 NYSEG hardly disputes that it should have known of occurrences at its
4 MGP sites. It instead argues that it could not have reasonably known that the
5 Insurers’ policies would be implicated because, under New York’s pro rata
6 allocation rule, the Insurers’ policies would not have been triggered until
7 allocated damages for a site exceeded $20,000 per year, which for one
8 representative site required $1,960,000 in damages. But the New York Court of
9 Appeals did not establish the pro rata allocation rule until 2002, see Consol.
10 Edison Co. of N.Y. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 98 N.Y.2d 208, 223 (2002), and NYSEG
11 points to no evidence suggesting that, during the relevant period, it was
12 reasonable for it to believe that a pro rata allocation rule applied to the Insurers’
13 contracts.
14 Because NYSEG reasonably should have known of occurrences likely to
15 implicate the Insurers’ policies at all its MGP sites by July 1991 at the latest, its
16 November 1991 notice to the Insurers was untimely as a matter of law. See Am.
17 Home Assurance Co. v. Republic Ins. Co., 984 F.2d 76, 78 (2d Cir. 1993). The
7 1 District Court therefore correctly held that NYSEG provided late notice of
2 occurrence to Century and OneBeacon for all sites, and it was justified in
3 dismissing the case in its entirety.
4 We have considered NYSEG’s remaining arguments and conclude that
5 they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District
6 Court is AFFIRMED.
7 FOR THE COURT: 8 Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court