Cole, ■ J.
There being no bill of exceptions in this case, we [172]*172can only consider such questions as arise upon the record. Blossom v. Ferguson, 13 Wis., 76. It is claimed on the part of the plaintiffs, that there was such a material change in the route, and such a fundamental departure from the original purposes of the company, as released the town from its obligation to pay its subscription or issue its bonds. This question is doubtless presented by the record.
It is alleged in the complaint, that since the election of October, 1871 (which authorized the officers of the town to make the subscription to the stock of the company), the Milwaukee, Manitowoc & Green Bay Railroad Company, without the consent or knowledge of the defendant town, has materially enlarged and extended the route which it will assume and undertake to construct and operate, by the purchase, consolidation, or by the acquisition in some manner, of the rights and franchises of the Appleton & New London Railway Company pertaining to that part of the line of the latter company extending from Manitowoc to Appleton, and proposes and intends to construct said line so acquired, being about forty miles in length, in addition to the lines which it was authorized to construct and operate by its charter at the time of the election and subscription. This allegation is not denied in the answer of the town. Nor does the railroad company traverse the fact stated of the acquisition or purchase.of the Appleton branch, but, as a legal conclusion, denies that it has done anything, by change of name, extension of road, or purchase of another line, which increases the liability of the town or materially affects its rights. It is obvious that this is no denial of the act of purchase without the consent of the town, but tenders an issue upon a mere question of law. For the purposes of this case, then, it must be assumed, that the fact stated in the complaint is true; and we are to inquire as to what was the legal effect of the purchase of the Appleton road upon the liability of the town. If its effect was to exonerate the town from its liability on its subscription previously made, there can be no doubt but the [173]*173plaintiffs may avail themselves of that defense in this action. By the charter (P. & L. Laws of 1870, eh. 242, sec. 2), the company was authorized to locate and construct a railroad from “ some convenient point in the city of Milwaukee, running thence northerly through the counties of Ozaukee (to Port Washington, within three quarters of a mile from the village) and She-boygan, to the cities of Sheboygan, Manitowoc, and northerly to Green Bay.” The termini and general direction of the route are fixed by the charter, and the company was only authorized to change and relocate its road “ so as not materially to change the route.” The Appleton road runs westerly from Manitowoc, nearly at right angles with the original line. It seems to us very obvious that the purchase of that road was not such a change of the original route as was authorized by the charter, or which could be said to be in the contemplation of the parties when the subscription by the town was made. It is true that sec. 3 authorized the company to connect its road with any other railroad ; and any company having a road built or partly built, running in the direction of the line which the defendant corporation was empowered to construct and operate, was therein authorized to lease or sell to the latter the whole or any part of its road, so wholly or partly -constructed. But this provision does not confer upon the company any power to acquire the Appleton line, since that road does not run in the direction of its line, but nearly at right angles with it. And so the question returns, whether the purchase or acquisition of this forty miles of road, not running in the direction of its line, but nearly at right angles with it, constituted such a change in the original enterprise as to release a nonassenting subscriber from his obligation to pay his stock subscription. It is claimed by the learned counsel of the defendant railway, that it should not have that effect, because he insists that no part of the original design or objects of the corporation has been abandoned ; that no part of the original line has been changed; and that the town will fully realize all the advantages which it could reason[174]*174ably anticipate from, the construction of- the road to which it subscribed. .
. In Kenosha, R. & R. I. R. R. Co. v. Marsh, 17 Wis., 13, Mr. Justice Paine says all the authorities concur in holding as a general rule that a radical, fundamental change in the character of the original .'enterprise releases, the stock subscriber who does not assent to the change; that, in the application of the rule many cases will be found' where the particular change made was held not of such a radical character as to exonerate the stockholder from the payment of his subscription ; but the alteration in that case was decided to have that effect. It seems to us that the. principle and reasoning of the decision in the Marsh case are strictly applicable to the one under consideration, and control as to the liability of the town. • The road authorized by the charter, and for .the construction of which the town subscribed,, was one running from the city of Milwaukee in a northerly direction to or within three quarters of a mile of the. village of Port Washington, thence to the cities of Sheboygan, Manitowoc and Green Bay. This .was the original enterprise. . But it appears that the company has acquired another road running westerly .in an entirely different direction, which it proposes to construct. If this is not an essential change in the objects of the corporation and a.diversion of its funds to another enterprise, it is difficult to imagine what would amount to such a change. The counsel for the company contends, because .no part of the original line has been abandoned, that therefore the acquisition and construction of the Appleton road is not such a change as should release the town from the payment of its subscription. It seems to us that it would be a most dangerous doctrine to receive judicial sanction, that so long as a railroad corporation did not finally abandon the construction of its original road, it might acquire and construct any number of roads running in an entirely different direction from ■ such road, providing it made a connection with them, and still hold a nonassenting [175]*175stock subscriber. The fact is, when the town made its subscription, the only change which the company was authorized to make was such as .did not materially change its route. .This is the limitation upon its power to alter or change its route, contained in the charter itself. It must be assumed .that the electors of the town acted in view of that provision in. the charter, and that they would not have authorized the subscription, had they supposed it would be diverted to the construction of a road running in a different direction from the propos-' ed line. At all events the town, or a taxpayer of, the town, may insist- that there has been such a change in the objects and designs of the corporation as to- absolve a nonassenting subscriber. . For, unless such a change is held to be a -violation of such contract of subscription-, there is no limit to the right of the corporation to acquire additional roads and extend its liabilities without affecting such subscriber. The limit of the power of the corporation to make alterations in its road, is quite clearly defined in the charter.
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Cole, ■ J.
There being no bill of exceptions in this case, we [172]*172can only consider such questions as arise upon the record. Blossom v. Ferguson, 13 Wis., 76. It is claimed on the part of the plaintiffs, that there was such a material change in the route, and such a fundamental departure from the original purposes of the company, as released the town from its obligation to pay its subscription or issue its bonds. This question is doubtless presented by the record.
It is alleged in the complaint, that since the election of October, 1871 (which authorized the officers of the town to make the subscription to the stock of the company), the Milwaukee, Manitowoc & Green Bay Railroad Company, without the consent or knowledge of the defendant town, has materially enlarged and extended the route which it will assume and undertake to construct and operate, by the purchase, consolidation, or by the acquisition in some manner, of the rights and franchises of the Appleton & New London Railway Company pertaining to that part of the line of the latter company extending from Manitowoc to Appleton, and proposes and intends to construct said line so acquired, being about forty miles in length, in addition to the lines which it was authorized to construct and operate by its charter at the time of the election and subscription. This allegation is not denied in the answer of the town. Nor does the railroad company traverse the fact stated of the acquisition or purchase.of the Appleton branch, but, as a legal conclusion, denies that it has done anything, by change of name, extension of road, or purchase of another line, which increases the liability of the town or materially affects its rights. It is obvious that this is no denial of the act of purchase without the consent of the town, but tenders an issue upon a mere question of law. For the purposes of this case, then, it must be assumed, that the fact stated in the complaint is true; and we are to inquire as to what was the legal effect of the purchase of the Appleton road upon the liability of the town. If its effect was to exonerate the town from its liability on its subscription previously made, there can be no doubt but the [173]*173plaintiffs may avail themselves of that defense in this action. By the charter (P. & L. Laws of 1870, eh. 242, sec. 2), the company was authorized to locate and construct a railroad from “ some convenient point in the city of Milwaukee, running thence northerly through the counties of Ozaukee (to Port Washington, within three quarters of a mile from the village) and She-boygan, to the cities of Sheboygan, Manitowoc, and northerly to Green Bay.” The termini and general direction of the route are fixed by the charter, and the company was only authorized to change and relocate its road “ so as not materially to change the route.” The Appleton road runs westerly from Manitowoc, nearly at right angles with the original line. It seems to us very obvious that the purchase of that road was not such a change of the original route as was authorized by the charter, or which could be said to be in the contemplation of the parties when the subscription by the town was made. It is true that sec. 3 authorized the company to connect its road with any other railroad ; and any company having a road built or partly built, running in the direction of the line which the defendant corporation was empowered to construct and operate, was therein authorized to lease or sell to the latter the whole or any part of its road, so wholly or partly -constructed. But this provision does not confer upon the company any power to acquire the Appleton line, since that road does not run in the direction of its line, but nearly at right angles with it. And so the question returns, whether the purchase or acquisition of this forty miles of road, not running in the direction of its line, but nearly at right angles with it, constituted such a change in the original enterprise as to release a nonassenting subscriber from his obligation to pay his stock subscription. It is claimed by the learned counsel of the defendant railway, that it should not have that effect, because he insists that no part of the original design or objects of the corporation has been abandoned ; that no part of the original line has been changed; and that the town will fully realize all the advantages which it could reason[174]*174ably anticipate from, the construction of- the road to which it subscribed. .
. In Kenosha, R. & R. I. R. R. Co. v. Marsh, 17 Wis., 13, Mr. Justice Paine says all the authorities concur in holding as a general rule that a radical, fundamental change in the character of the original .'enterprise releases, the stock subscriber who does not assent to the change; that, in the application of the rule many cases will be found' where the particular change made was held not of such a radical character as to exonerate the stockholder from the payment of his subscription ; but the alteration in that case was decided to have that effect. It seems to us that the. principle and reasoning of the decision in the Marsh case are strictly applicable to the one under consideration, and control as to the liability of the town. • The road authorized by the charter, and for .the construction of which the town subscribed,, was one running from the city of Milwaukee in a northerly direction to or within three quarters of a mile of the. village of Port Washington, thence to the cities of Sheboygan, Manitowoc and Green Bay. This .was the original enterprise. . But it appears that the company has acquired another road running westerly .in an entirely different direction, which it proposes to construct. If this is not an essential change in the objects of the corporation and a.diversion of its funds to another enterprise, it is difficult to imagine what would amount to such a change. The counsel for the company contends, because .no part of the original line has been abandoned, that therefore the acquisition and construction of the Appleton road is not such a change as should release the town from the payment of its subscription. It seems to us that it would be a most dangerous doctrine to receive judicial sanction, that so long as a railroad corporation did not finally abandon the construction of its original road, it might acquire and construct any number of roads running in an entirely different direction from ■ such road, providing it made a connection with them, and still hold a nonassenting [175]*175stock subscriber. The fact is, when the town made its subscription, the only change which the company was authorized to make was such as .did not materially change its route. .This is the limitation upon its power to alter or change its route, contained in the charter itself. It must be assumed .that the electors of the town acted in view of that provision in. the charter, and that they would not have authorized the subscription, had they supposed it would be diverted to the construction of a road running in a different direction from the propos-' ed line. At all events the town, or a taxpayer of, the town, may insist- that there has been such a change in the objects and designs of the corporation as to- absolve a nonassenting subscriber. . For, unless such a change is held to be a -violation of such contract of subscription-, there is no limit to the right of the corporation to acquire additional roads and extend its liabilities without affecting such subscriber. The limit of the power of the corporation to make alterations in its road, is quite clearly defined in the charter. It may “from time to time alter, change and relocate ” its road “ so as not materially to change the route,” without affecting a contract of subscription as originally made. A change of that character and within that limit might be essential to facilitate - the successful prosecution of the very object for which the company was created, and the charter authorizes it to be made. But, within the decision in the Marsh case, we think the acquisition of the Appleton road did amount to a radical, fundamental change in the character of the original enterprise, and released the town from its obligation to pay its subscription. There is, a full and able discussion of the subject in that case, in which many of the cases bearing upon the.question are cited. We need not, therefore, further examine them here.
The counsel for the railway company, however, referred to the case of Nugent v. The Supervisors, 19 Wall., 241, for the purpose of showing that the town was not released from its engagement to pay its subscription on account of the purchase or [176]*176acquisition of the Appleton road. We háve examined that case, but find nothing in it inconsistent with the views above annnounced. In Nugent v. The Supervisors, the question was presented as to the legal consequences of an act of consolidation by two railroad companies, and whether such consolidation released a county from its prior undertaking to take stock in one of them and issue its bonds in payment. The consolidation was authorized by a previously enacted general law of Illinois, and by a section of the charter of the company to which the subscription was made. Mr. Justice STRONG, in considering the question, says: “ It was therefore contemplated by the legislature, as it must have been by all the subscribers to the stock of the company, that precisely what has occurred might occur. Subscribers must have been presumed to have known the law of the state, and to have contracted in view of it. When the voters of the county of Putnam sanctioned a county subscription by their vote, and when the board of supervisors, in pursuance of that sanction, resolved to make the subscription, they were informed by the law of the state, that a consolidation with another company might be made, that the stock they proposed to subscribe might be converted into stock of the consolidated company, and that the liability they assumed might become owing to that company. With this knowledge, and in view of such contingencies, they made the contract. The consolidation, therefore, wrought no change in the organization or design of the company to which they subscribed, other than they contemplated at the time as possible and legitimate. It cannot be said that any motive for their subscription has been taken away, or that the consideration for it has failed.” pp. 249, 250. But the court recognizes the general rule, that a subscriber to the stock of a railroad company is released from' obligation to pay his subscription by a fundamental change in the objects and purposes of the company, to which he has not consented, but say the rule is inapplicable to that case. See Marsh v. Fulton County, 10 Wall., 676. The company acquired the Appleton [177]*177road after tbe town made its subscription. But when tbe subscription was made, there was nothing in tbe general law of the state, so far as we are advised, and nothing in the charter, which authorized the company to acquire the Appleton road ; and there is therefore no ground for saying that the voters of the town must have contemplated that result as possible and legitimate when they voted to enter into the contract.
This action was commenced by service of the summons and complaint, October 31, 1871. The town filed its answer in November of the same year. Afterwards an amended complaint was filed, in which this alteration or change was set up and relied upon to invalidate the subscription. The question has suggested itself, whether the town was estopped by the admission in the answer, that it was bound to take the stock subscribed for, and to pay for the same. But we think the town is not estopped by this admission, because it appears that its answer was put in before the change was made which released it from its subscription.
Without expressing any opinion upon the other questions discussed, we think the judgment of the circuit court must be reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to grant the relief asked in the complaint.
By the Court. — It is so ordered.
A motion for a rehearing was denied.