Northeastern Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. v. Heffernan

426 A.2d 769, 179 Conn. 363, 1979 Conn. LEXIS 965
CourtSupreme Court of Connecticut
DecidedDecember 25, 1979
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 426 A.2d 769 (Northeastern Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. v. Heffernan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Connecticut primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Northeastern Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. v. Heffernan, 426 A.2d 769, 179 Conn. 363, 1979 Conn. LEXIS 965 (Colo. 1979).

Opinion

Loiselle, J.

The plaintiff appealed the defendant’s assessment of a tax deficiency for fiscal year [364]*364October 1, 1972 to September 30, 1973, to the Superior Court.1 The court denied relief and the plaintiff appealed.

Neither the facts nor the commissioner’s assessment of the tax due, provided he prevails on the law, are disputed by the parties. The sole issue on appeal is whether the plaintiff corporation maintained “a permanent or continuous place of business without the state, other than its statutory office” 2 during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1973, hereinafter referred to as fiscal 1973. If it did, then it may not be permitted to deduct losses incurred there from its gross income in computing its net income subject to tax in Connecticut. If it had no such place of business outside the state, but instead conducted its business wholly within the state during fiscal 1973, then it may be entitled to deduct the losses incurred in that other state in computing its net income subject to tax in Connecticut.

The trial court heard no evidence. The parties stipulated to the facts and the trial court ordered [365]*365that their stipulation he included in the record. “It is axiomatic that, in litigation, the parties may waive their right to offer evidence and may stipulate to the facts.” Houston v. Highway Commissioner, 152 Conn. 557, 558, 210 A.2d 176 (1965).

It is uncontroverted that during fiscal 1973, Northeastern maintained a place of business in Connecticut. The corporation filed two tax returns for that year in Connecticut. In its original tax return, Northeastern computed its net income as a multistate corporation which is permitted to allocate taxes owed between Connecticut and other states based on the proportion of business carried on within Connecticut. One of the statutory limitations on the manner in which a multistate corporation may allocate its tax burden among two or more states concerns the allocations of “net gains or losses from sales, scrappage, abandonment, book write-offs or rentals of tangible assets held, owned or used in connection with the trade or business of the taxpayer but not for sale or rent in the regular course of business.” Section 12-218 (2) provides in part that these net gains and losses “shall be allocated to the state [of Connecticut] if the property ... is situated in the state at the time of the sale, scrappage, abandonment or write-off or during the rental thereof, otherwise such net gains or losses shall be allocated outside the state.”

In its amended tax return, Northeastern claimed that its net income for the fiscal year was entirely attributable to Connecticut. Northeastern deducted losses on the transfer of its machinery and equipment in Missouri. This it claimed it was entitled to do under General Statutes §§ 12-213 and 12-217 [366]*366of the Corporate Business Tax Act, which define “net income” as it is used in § 12-218 and list deductions which may be taken from a corporation’s gross income to compute net income.3 The act permits a corporation, in computing its net income for state tax purposes, to deduct from its gross income almost all items which are deductible in the computation of net income for federal tax purposes. There are a few exceptions to this general rule but none of them is relevant here. Under the Internal Revenue Code § 165,4 Northeastern’s loss was deductible for federal tax purposes. The corporation made this claim of law in an effort to persuade the court that its loss was deductible in computing its tax owed to Connecticut, but the trial court rejected it.

[367]*367The plaintiff assigns as error the trial court’s conclusions that Northeastern failed to sustain its burden of proof that it had no permanent or continuous place of business outside the state of Connecticut during the 1973 fiscal year; that the losses suffered by Northeastern on transfer of its machinery and equipment located in Missouri should be allocated to Missouri and were not deductible in computing its net income subject to tax in Connecticut; and that the assessment levied against Northeastern by the commissioner for additional tax due was proper. Northeastern claims that these conclusions are not supported by the facts set forth in the stipulations and included in the finding by the trial court.

The finding states that the parties’ stipulation of facts is to be included in the record on appeal and printed.5 The finding then states, in three short paragraphs, that the plaintiff’s original return apportioned its net income as a multistate corporation, but its amended return attributed its entire net income, including its deductible losses on the transfer of its machinery and equipment in the state of Missouri, to Connecticut. In effect, all the finding consists of is an order that the stipulation be made part of the record on appeal and printed, a brief summary of the facts, and the court’s conclusions.

[368]*368It appears from the trial court’s conclusions that it doubted the truth of some of the facts asserted in the stipulation. The trial court found that the plaintiff failed to sustain its burden of proof that it had maintained no permanent or continuous place of business outside the state of Connecticut during fiscal 1973. “The allegations and stipulation together constitute a judicial admission of the facts stated. . . . [which] should ordinarily be adopted by a trial court in the decision of a ease. ... It is not, however, necessarily binding upon the court, and under the circumstances of a particular case the court may be justified in disregarding it. . . . This follows from the fact . . . that a judge is not a mere umpire in a forensic encounter but a minister of justice.” Peiter v. Degenring, 136 Conn. 331, 337-38, 71 A.2d 87 (1949). Considering the paucity of facts in the finding, it can only be concluded that the court’s order to print the stipulations in the record was intended to include them in the finding to permit this court to determine whether the trial court’s conclusions, which were based on the stipulations, were in error.

Briefly stated, the stipulation recites that beginning in 1966 Northeastern had executive offices in Connecticut and a plant in Missouri. In December, 1971, Northeastern dismissed all of its production employees and ceased all operations in its Missouri plant, except winding up its affairs which required further negotiations concerning payments due on the machinery and rent for which Northeastern was in default. This abrupt action was necessitated by the United States Food and Drug Administration’s issuance of regulations in December, 1971, which severely restricted the use of hexaehlorophene, Northeastern’s only product. One of Northeastern’s [369]*369officers remained at the Missouri plant until March, 1972, to supervise wind-up activities, and a part-time custodial employee remained thereafter until November 17, 1972, when Northeastern resolved the disputed provisions of the lease with the landlord and transferred title to the machinery and equipment to its creditor.

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Bluebook (online)
426 A.2d 769, 179 Conn. 363, 1979 Conn. LEXIS 965, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/northeastern-pharmaceutical-chemical-co-v-heffernan-conn-1979.