Slip Op. 24-
UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
NORCA INDUSTRIAL COMPANY, LLC,
Plaintiff,
and Before: Jennifer Choe-Groves, Judge INTERNATIONAL PIPING & PROCUREMENT GROUP, LP, Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Consolidated Plaintiff,
v.
UNITED STATES,
Defendant.
OPINION
[Sustaining the negative evasion determination of U.S. Customs and Border Protection under the Enforce and Protect Act.]
Dated: February 7, 2024
Peter Koenig, Jeremy W. Dutra, and Christopher D. Clark, of Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP, Washington, D.C., for Plaintiffs Norca Industrial Company, LLC and International Piping & Procurement Group, LP.
Margaret J. Jantzen, Senior Trial Counsel, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, D.C., and Tamari J. Lagvilava, Office of Chief Counsel, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, of Washington, D.C., for Defendant United States. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 2
Choe-Groves, Judge: This case arises out of U.S. Customs and Border
Protection’s (“Customs”) evasion determination under the antidumping order on
certain carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings from the People’s Republic of China
(“China”). Customs’ Final Administrative Determination in Enforce and Protect
Act (EAPA) Case No. 7335 (Mar. 22, 2021) (“Final Administrative
Determination”), PR 3791; see Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From
the People’s Republic of China (“Order”), 57 Fed. Reg. 29,702 (Dep’t of
Commerce July 6, 1992) (antidumping duty order and amendment to final
determination of sales at less than fair value). Before the Court is the Final
Remand Redetermination (“Remand Redetermination”), Final Remand
Redetermination EAPA Consol. Case No. 7335, ECF No. 58, which the Court
ordered in Norca Indus. Co. v. United States, 46 CIT __, 561 F. Supp. 3d 1379
(2022) (“Norca I”). For the following reasons, the Court sustains Customs’
negative evasion determination in the Remand Redetermination.
BACKGROUND
On November 6, 2020, Customs determined that substantial evidence
demonstrated that Plaintiffs entered covered merchandise into the United States
through evasion of the Order. Notice of Determination as to Evasion (Nov. 6,
1 Citations to the administrative record reflect the public record (“PR”), ECF No. 18. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 3
2020) (“November 6 Determination”) at 1–2, PR 368. Customs initiated on
November 5, 2019 a parallel Enforce and Protect Act (“EAPA”) investigation into
whether Plaintiffs evaded the Order with their entries of merchandise into the
United States based on allegations raised by Allied Group. Id. at 2. Allied Group
alleged that BW Fittings, the former Vietnamese supplier of Plaintiffs’
merchandise, did not produce carbon steel butt-weld fittings in Vietnam, but
transshipped such merchandise from China into the United States. Id.
Customs’ Regulations and Rulings of the Office of Trade affirmed the
November 6 Determination on March 22, 2021. See Final Administrative
Determination. Plaintiffs filed separate suits challenging the November 6
Determination and Final Administrative Determination, which the Court
consolidated. Order (June 8, 2021), ECF No. 14.
After Plaintiffs filed their respective Rule 56.2 motions, Defendant requested
a remand of the Final Administrative Determination because Customs had recently
learned that certain documents collected during the investigation were not provided
to the Parties during the investigation or were not included as part of the record.
Def.’s Mot. Voluntary Remand Suspend Current Br. Schedule (“Def.’s Mot.
Voluntary Remand”), ECF No. 23; see also Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R.,
ECF No. 20; Mem. Points Auth. Supp. Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R., ECF No.
21 (“Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mem.”); Consol. Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R., ECF No. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 4
22. Defendant conceded that the administrative record was incomplete, stating that
remand would allow an opportunity for a third party, who had submitted numerous
photographs and videos from a November 2019 site visit of BW Fittings’ Vietnam
facility to Customs (but were excluded from the administrative record), to bracket
the business confidential information in its submissions to Customs. Def.’s Mot.
Voluntary Remand at 4; see Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mem. at 5. On March 11, 2022, this
Court remanded the Final Administrative Determination. Norca I, 46 CIT at __,
561 F. Supp. 3d at 1384.
The Court stayed this case while Customs referred a covered merchandise
determination to the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce”) to determine
whether Plaintiffs’ Chinese-origin rough fittings purchased from BW Fittings were
covered by the Order in two scenarios: (1) Chinese-origin rough fittings that only
underwent the third stage of production (i.e., finishing processes) in Vietnam and
(2) Chinese-origin rough fittings that underwent both the second and third stages of
production in Vietnam. Customs’ Covered Merchandise Referral Request for
Merchandise Under EAPA Consolidated Case [No.] 7335 (Remand [No.] 7717),
Imported by Norca Industrial Company, LLC and International Piping &
Procurement Group, LP: Antidumping Duty Order on Certain Carbon Steel Butt-
Weld Pipe Fittings from the People’s Republic of China (Sept. 6, 2022) at 4, ECF
No. 53-1. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 5
Commerce issued its final covered merchandise determination on September
29, 2023, stating that a rough fitting does not become covered merchandise (or an
unfinished fitting) until after the second stage of production and is a material input
used in the production of an unfinished fitting. Decision Mem. Final Results
Covered Merchandise Inquiry – EAPA Inv. 7335: Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld
Pipe Fittings from the People’s Republic of China (Dep’t of Commerce Sept. 29,
2023) (“Final Covered Merchandise Determination”) at 27, ECF No. 53-2.
Commerce determined that the subject merchandise were outside the scope of the
Order. Id.
In light of Commerce’s covered merchandise determination, Customs filed a
negative evasion determination on January 22, 2024. See Remand
Redetermination. Plaintiffs filed comments asking the Court to sustain the
Remand Redetermination. Pls.’ Cmts. Remand Redetermination (“Pls.’ Cmts.”),
ECF No. 61.
The Court held a status conference on January 29, 2024. Status Conference
(Jan. 29, 2024), ECF No. 62.
JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to section 517 of the Tariff Act of 1930,
as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1517(g), and 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c), which grant the Court
jurisdiction over actions contesting determinations of evasion pursuant to Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 6
the EAPA statute. The Court reviews Customs’ evasion determination for
compliance with all procedures under 19 U.S.C. §§ 1517(c) and (f) and will hold
unlawful “any determination, finding, or conclusion [that] is arbitrary, capricious,
an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 19 U.S.C.
§ 1517(c)(1)(A), (g)(2).
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Slip Op. 24-
UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
NORCA INDUSTRIAL COMPANY, LLC,
Plaintiff,
and Before: Jennifer Choe-Groves, Judge INTERNATIONAL PIPING & PROCUREMENT GROUP, LP, Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Consolidated Plaintiff,
v.
UNITED STATES,
Defendant.
OPINION
[Sustaining the negative evasion determination of U.S. Customs and Border Protection under the Enforce and Protect Act.]
Dated: February 7, 2024
Peter Koenig, Jeremy W. Dutra, and Christopher D. Clark, of Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP, Washington, D.C., for Plaintiffs Norca Industrial Company, LLC and International Piping & Procurement Group, LP.
Margaret J. Jantzen, Senior Trial Counsel, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, D.C., and Tamari J. Lagvilava, Office of Chief Counsel, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, of Washington, D.C., for Defendant United States. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 2
Choe-Groves, Judge: This case arises out of U.S. Customs and Border
Protection’s (“Customs”) evasion determination under the antidumping order on
certain carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings from the People’s Republic of China
(“China”). Customs’ Final Administrative Determination in Enforce and Protect
Act (EAPA) Case No. 7335 (Mar. 22, 2021) (“Final Administrative
Determination”), PR 3791; see Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From
the People’s Republic of China (“Order”), 57 Fed. Reg. 29,702 (Dep’t of
Commerce July 6, 1992) (antidumping duty order and amendment to final
determination of sales at less than fair value). Before the Court is the Final
Remand Redetermination (“Remand Redetermination”), Final Remand
Redetermination EAPA Consol. Case No. 7335, ECF No. 58, which the Court
ordered in Norca Indus. Co. v. United States, 46 CIT __, 561 F. Supp. 3d 1379
(2022) (“Norca I”). For the following reasons, the Court sustains Customs’
negative evasion determination in the Remand Redetermination.
BACKGROUND
On November 6, 2020, Customs determined that substantial evidence
demonstrated that Plaintiffs entered covered merchandise into the United States
through evasion of the Order. Notice of Determination as to Evasion (Nov. 6,
1 Citations to the administrative record reflect the public record (“PR”), ECF No. 18. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 3
2020) (“November 6 Determination”) at 1–2, PR 368. Customs initiated on
November 5, 2019 a parallel Enforce and Protect Act (“EAPA”) investigation into
whether Plaintiffs evaded the Order with their entries of merchandise into the
United States based on allegations raised by Allied Group. Id. at 2. Allied Group
alleged that BW Fittings, the former Vietnamese supplier of Plaintiffs’
merchandise, did not produce carbon steel butt-weld fittings in Vietnam, but
transshipped such merchandise from China into the United States. Id.
Customs’ Regulations and Rulings of the Office of Trade affirmed the
November 6 Determination on March 22, 2021. See Final Administrative
Determination. Plaintiffs filed separate suits challenging the November 6
Determination and Final Administrative Determination, which the Court
consolidated. Order (June 8, 2021), ECF No. 14.
After Plaintiffs filed their respective Rule 56.2 motions, Defendant requested
a remand of the Final Administrative Determination because Customs had recently
learned that certain documents collected during the investigation were not provided
to the Parties during the investigation or were not included as part of the record.
Def.’s Mot. Voluntary Remand Suspend Current Br. Schedule (“Def.’s Mot.
Voluntary Remand”), ECF No. 23; see also Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R.,
ECF No. 20; Mem. Points Auth. Supp. Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R., ECF No.
21 (“Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mem.”); Consol. Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mot. J. Agency R., ECF No. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 4
22. Defendant conceded that the administrative record was incomplete, stating that
remand would allow an opportunity for a third party, who had submitted numerous
photographs and videos from a November 2019 site visit of BW Fittings’ Vietnam
facility to Customs (but were excluded from the administrative record), to bracket
the business confidential information in its submissions to Customs. Def.’s Mot.
Voluntary Remand at 4; see Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mem. at 5. On March 11, 2022, this
Court remanded the Final Administrative Determination. Norca I, 46 CIT at __,
561 F. Supp. 3d at 1384.
The Court stayed this case while Customs referred a covered merchandise
determination to the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce”) to determine
whether Plaintiffs’ Chinese-origin rough fittings purchased from BW Fittings were
covered by the Order in two scenarios: (1) Chinese-origin rough fittings that only
underwent the third stage of production (i.e., finishing processes) in Vietnam and
(2) Chinese-origin rough fittings that underwent both the second and third stages of
production in Vietnam. Customs’ Covered Merchandise Referral Request for
Merchandise Under EAPA Consolidated Case [No.] 7335 (Remand [No.] 7717),
Imported by Norca Industrial Company, LLC and International Piping &
Procurement Group, LP: Antidumping Duty Order on Certain Carbon Steel Butt-
Weld Pipe Fittings from the People’s Republic of China (Sept. 6, 2022) at 4, ECF
No. 53-1. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 5
Commerce issued its final covered merchandise determination on September
29, 2023, stating that a rough fitting does not become covered merchandise (or an
unfinished fitting) until after the second stage of production and is a material input
used in the production of an unfinished fitting. Decision Mem. Final Results
Covered Merchandise Inquiry – EAPA Inv. 7335: Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld
Pipe Fittings from the People’s Republic of China (Dep’t of Commerce Sept. 29,
2023) (“Final Covered Merchandise Determination”) at 27, ECF No. 53-2.
Commerce determined that the subject merchandise were outside the scope of the
Order. Id.
In light of Commerce’s covered merchandise determination, Customs filed a
negative evasion determination on January 22, 2024. See Remand
Redetermination. Plaintiffs filed comments asking the Court to sustain the
Remand Redetermination. Pls.’ Cmts. Remand Redetermination (“Pls.’ Cmts.”),
ECF No. 61.
The Court held a status conference on January 29, 2024. Status Conference
(Jan. 29, 2024), ECF No. 62.
JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to section 517 of the Tariff Act of 1930,
as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1517(g), and 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c), which grant the Court
jurisdiction over actions contesting determinations of evasion pursuant to Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 6
the EAPA statute. The Court reviews Customs’ evasion determination for
compliance with all procedures under 19 U.S.C. §§ 1517(c) and (f) and will hold
unlawful “any determination, finding, or conclusion [that] is arbitrary, capricious,
an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 19 U.S.C.
§ 1517(c)(1)(A), (g)(2). The Court reviews determinations made on remand for
compliance with the Court's remand order. Ad Hoc Shrimp Trade Action Comm.
v. United States, 38 CIT 727, 730, 992 F. Supp. 2d 1285, 1290 (2014), aff’d, 802
F.3d 1339 (Fed. Cir. 2015).
DISCUSSION
Customs has authority under the EAPA to investigate and determine whether
covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States
through evasion. 19 U.S.C. § 1517(c)(1)(A). “Evasion” is defined as:
[E]ntering covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States by means of any document or electronically transmitted data or information, written or oral statement, or act that is material and false, or any omission that is material, and that results in any cash deposit or other security or any amount of applicable antidumping or countervailing duties being reduced or not being applied with respect to the merchandise.
Id. § 1517(a)(5)(A).
In Norca I, the Court remanded the Final Administrative Determination for
Customs to correct the record and reconsider the allegations of evasion. Norca I,
46 CIT at __, 561 F. Supp. 3d at 1384. On remand, Customs placed new Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 7
information on the record and made a covered merchandise referral to Commerce.
Remand Redetermination at 1–3. Commerce’s covered final merchandise referral
concluded that the subject merchandise were outside the scope of the Order. Final
Covered Merchandise Determination at 27. Based on Commerce’s referral,
Customs reconsidered its prior affirmative evasion determination, and in the
Remand Redetermination made a final negative evasion determination.
Plaintiffs now ask the Court to sustain the Remand Redetermination and
order the immediate liquidation of previously suspended entries. Pls.’ Cmts. at 2–
3. The Government did not file a response to Plaintiffs’ comments, but does not
oppose Plaintiff’s request to sustain the Remand Redetermination. Status
Conference (Jan. 29, 2024).
The Court concludes that Customs’ Remand Redetermination is supported
by substantial evidence and in accordance with law, and complies with the Court’s
remand order. Consol. Court No. 21-00192 Page 8
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court sustains the Remand Redetermination.
Judgment will enter accordingly.
/s/ Jennifer Choe-Groves Jennifer Choe-Groves, Judge
Dated: February 7, 2024 New York, New York