Nolen v. Southern Railway System

710 S.W.2d 49, 1985 Tenn. App. LEXIS 3301
CourtCourt of Appeals of Tennessee
DecidedDecember 31, 1985
StatusPublished

This text of 710 S.W.2d 49 (Nolen v. Southern Railway System) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Nolen v. Southern Railway System, 710 S.W.2d 49, 1985 Tenn. App. LEXIS 3301 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1985).

Opinion

HIGHERS, Judge.

This appeal is brought by the plaintiff from a directed verdict for the defendants which was granted by the trial court at the conclusion of the plaintiffs proof in the case.

On August 31, 1981, the plaintiff, Lee Nolen, rode a bicycle to the railroad crossing at Neptune Street in Memphis where Neptune is intersected by six sets of tracks. Nolen left the bicycle and walked along the tracks to a business for the purpose of checking about employment. Returning to the crossing on his way home, Nolen was blocked by a train straddling the crossing. The train was assembled by Burlington Northern, but it was to be moved by Southern Railway engines operated by William L. Moore. The Southern train was standing still as Nolen approached it from the south. To the east, or Nolen’s right, he spotted another train approaching, heading west on a track adjacent to the Southern train. This was a Burlington Northern train operated by A.T. Decker. Nolen saw the Burlington Northern when it was near an overpass some 800 feet away. When he crossed the track in front of the Burlington Northern, the Southern began to move in an easterly direction, opposite the direction of the Burlington Northern. Nolen testified that he did not have time to retreat across the Burlington Northern line. Instead, he stood between the two moving trains where there were approximately two feet of clearance. While in this position, Nolen was struck on the right side of his head. He could not say what object hit him nor from which train the object protruded, although at one point he apparently indicated he was struck by an object on the Burlington Northern train. He was knocked toward the west and fell underneath the Burlington Northern train, causing severe injuries resulting in the amputation of both his left arm and leg.

Nolen filed suit on July 13,1982, alleging negligence on the part of both railroads and their employees. The case was tried to a jury but at the conclusion of the plaintiff’s proof, the trial court directed a verdict for all defendants.

On appeal, plaintiff argues that a directed verdict was improper because there were contested issues of fact and that the jury could have found in favor of the plaintiff. As a general rule, this court, like the trial court, must take the strongest legitimate view of the evidence in favor of the plaintiff, indulging in all reasonable inferences in his favor, and disregarding any evidence to the contrary. The trial judge’s action may be sustained only if there is no material evidence in the record that would support a verdict for the plain[51]*51tiff, under any of the theories that he has advanced. Atkins v. City Finance Co., 683 S.W.2d 331 (Tenn.App.1984).

With reference to the defendants, Moore and Southern, the plaintiff argued that there was negligence per se in that defendants violated Memphis City Code Sections 34-19 and 34-23 forbidding the obstruction of a railroad crossing by a train for more than five minutes. The plaintiff also contended that Southern violated its own rules and Federal Safety Regulations in failing to close the handles on one of its boxcars.

To overturn a directed verdict, plaintiff has only to show that any one of these issues should have been decided by the jury.

Dale Kehr, a general yardmaster for the Burlington Northern, was called to investigate the scene of the accident. He testified that he found a boxcar which had been “set out” from the Southern train in the yard where the Southern train had stopped after the accident. The car had been in the Southern train at the Neptune crossing. Moreover, photographs of it, and Kehr’s testimony, show that the door handles were protruding from the car on the south side. Mack Babston on the Southern train stated that protruding door levers were both unsafe and against the rules of the railroad. If the jury believed that one of these door handles struck the plaintiff, then a case of negligence could be made out against Southern and its employees who were supposed to inspect the train.

Other evidence, although strongly suggesting that the plaintiff was struck by something extending from the Burlington Northern train, does not absolutely rule out the possibility that the Southern train hit the plaintiff. Nolen was generally facing the Southern train, that is, facing north as the Burlington Northern train was passing. He was struck on the right side of the head suggesting that the Burlington Northern train, coming from his right, was responsible. No one, however, saw him the instant he was hit. He might have turned his head in such a way that a blow from his left would generally have impacted upon the right side of his head. The defendant Decker said that Nolen staggered to the west and north but since this observation was made after the impact, it is inconclusive. He might have staggered in any direction no matter where he was hit. Likewise, the accident diagram suggesting that plaintiff fell to his left or to the west could be explained by his having been carried by the west bound train once he fell into it. The diagram, therefore, is not conclusive evidence that he fell into the train from the west or that he was struck by a westward-moving object. Since all reasonable inferences must be taken in plaintiffs favor, we cannot rule out the possibility that Southern negligently caused plaintiff’s injuries. The directed verdict on behalf of Southern and Moore, therefore, is reversed and set aside.

With respect to Burlington Northern and Decker, the plaintiff argues that it was Burlington’s employees who left the car in the Southern train and failed to secure the door handles, that A.T. Decker, the Burlington Northern engineer, failed to sound the whistle and ring the bell as the Burlington Northern train approached the crossing, according to T.C.A. § 65-12-108, and that he operated the train in excess of the speed limit set out in the Memphis Code § 34-8 and § 34-20.

The evidence, as noted above, suggests that plaintiff was struck from his right. Although this fact is not certain, it is supported by material evidence in the record. The plaintiff testified that he was generally facing north toward the Southern train as the train passed. Engineer Decker said that Nolen staggered to the west and the accident diagram supports the idea that he was struck by the west bound train. Although there is evidence to the contrary, on a review of a directed verdict, it may not be taken into account. We need not delve into the other questions when the evidence on this one point raises a jury question. Moreover, we need not be concerned that only one of these trains struck the plaintiff. The evidence does not preclude either one. Thus, the jury must decide the question.

[52]*52The defendants argue that plaintiff was contributorily negligent because he did not return to a place of safety when he saw the Burlington Northern train approaching. Rather, he allowed himself to be caught between the two moving trains. Contributory negligence is generally a question of fact for the jury. Hood v. Waldrum, 50 Tenn.App. 512, 434 S.W.2d 94 (1968). Where the facts are undisputed, however, it becomes a question of law for the court. Cincinnati N.O. & T.P. Ry. Co. v. Garrett, 25 Tenn.App. 173, 154 S.W.2d 435

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Related

Street v. Calvert
541 S.W.2d 576 (Tennessee Supreme Court, 1976)
Hood v. Waldrum
434 S.W.2d 94 (Court of Appeals of Tennessee, 1968)
Cincinnati, N. O. & T. P. Ry. Co. v. Garrett
154 S.W.2d 435 (Court of Appeals of Tennessee, 1941)
Morgan v. Cashion
638 S.W.2d 387 (Court of Appeals of Tennessee, 1982)
Atkins v. City Finance Co.
683 S.W.2d 331 (Court of Appeals of Tennessee, 1984)
Haun v. Brown
362 S.W.2d 802 (Court of Appeals of Tennessee, 1962)

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Bluebook (online)
710 S.W.2d 49, 1985 Tenn. App. LEXIS 3301, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/nolen-v-southern-railway-system-tennctapp-1985.