Noble v. Noble

605 S.W.2d 453, 270 Ark. 602, 1980 Ark. LEXIS 1628
Supreme Court of Arkansas·Decided October 6, 1980·No. 80-177·Published·Cited by 5 cases

Opinions

John F. Stroud, Justice.

This is an appeal from a divorce decree urging that the applicable property division statute should be the one in effect at the time the divorce complaint was filed. We reject that contention and affirm the chancéllor’s application of Act 705 of 1979 as it was in effect at the time the divorce decree was granted.

Appellant and appellee were married May 30, 1978, in White County, Arkansas, and lived together intermittently until their final separation less than two months later on July 21, 1978. Appellant filed an action for separate maintenance, alleging general indignities, and after a hearing on August 31, 1978, appellee was ordered to pay her maintenance of $400 per month. On October 20, 1978, appellant amended her initial complaint to seek an absolute divorce, alleging grounds of adultery, as well as general indignities. Appellee denied the allegations of the amended complaint and filed a counterclaim for divorce on the ground of general indignities. After appellant denied the allegations of the counterclaim, appellee amended his claim to include an action for annulment on the grounds that his consent was obtained by fraud and alternatively that he was incapable of consent due to unsound mind. Appellee also sought judgment in the amount of $2,000 as reimbursement of attorney’s fees incurred by him. On May 21, 1979, just two weeks after this court handed down its decision in Hatcher v. Hatcher, 265 Ark. 681, 580 S.W. 2d 475 (1979), appellee filed a motion to revoke the Temporary Order of the court previously entered ordering appellee to pay $400 per month to appellant as temporary support, pointing out that Hatcher declared the statute authorizing temporary maintenance to be gender-based and therefore unconstitutional. Although not reflected by the record, the briefs indicate that the court granted appellee’s motion and terminated the temporary support payments several months prior to the granting of the divorce.

The decree was rendered on November 6, 1979, and the trial court ruled as follows:

(1) Appellant had proven her grounds of general indignities and adultery and was entitled to a divorce from appellee;
(2) Appellee’s suit for annulment and divorce was denied and dismissed;
(3) Appellant was not entitled to dowery [dower] nor any other property belonging to appellee, nor to alimony;
(4) Appellee’s prayer for recoupment of monies paid to appellant during pending of action was denied;
(5) Appellee ordered to pay $300 to appellant for medical expenses incurred by her;
(6) Appellee ordered to pay appellant’s attorney reasonable attorney’s fee in the amount of $2,500.

Appellant brings this appeal from the judgment of the trial court, alleging six points of error. Appellee cross-appeals from those portions of the decree requiring appellee to pay a fee to appellant’s attorney and denying appellee’s counterclaim against appellant for $4,000 sought by appellee as reimbursement of the 10 months of payments made by appellee to appellant as temporary support.

Appellant’s first and primary contention is that Ark. Stat. Ann. § 34-1214 (Repl. 1962), the statute in effect at the time she filed the divorce action, should be applied in determining the statutory division of property. She also urges that appellee did not plead the unconstitutionality of the statute, but we reject this argument as he did allege that both the alimony and property division statutes were unconstitutional in his answer to appellant’s complaint for temporary maintenance. We find that the issue was properly raised at trial without appellee repleading that issue in his answer to appellant’s amended complaint seeking an absolute divorce.

When appellant amended her complaint on October 20, 1978, seeking an absolute divorce, the property division statute then in effect provided that upon the granting of a divorce to the wife she is entitled to one-third of her husband’s personal property absolutely and a life estate in one-third of his real property. Thereafter, but prior to trial of this cause, Orr v. Orr, 440 U.S. 268, 99 S. Ct. 1102, 59 L. Ed. 2d 306 (1979), was decided by the United States Supreme Court, and Hatcher v. Hatcher, supra, was decided by this court. In Orr, the Alabama statutes dealing with alimony and division of property were struck down as unconstitutional inasmuch as they were gender-based, and this court applied the same rationale in Hatcher to our maintenance and attorney’s fees statute. Although the constitutionality of our alimony and division of property statutes was not in issue in Hatcher, it was obvious that they were also unconstitutional, being similarly gender-based. Therefore, the Arkansas General Assembly adopted Act 705 of 1979 which removed the gender distinctions for maintenance and attorney’s fees, alimony, and division of property as well as for several other divorce related statutes Although this act did not have an emergency clause, the parties both acknowledge it had an effective date some four months prior to the trial of this cause. The new act provides that all property shall be returned to the party who owned it prior to the marriage, and only property acquired after the marriage is divided between the spouses.

Appellant argues that the retroactive application of Act 705 is a violation of her due process rights and a violtaion of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 1-104 (Repl. 1976) which provides that no action pending at the time any statutory provision is repealed shall be affected by such repeal. We hold that § 1-104 is not applicable here as the adoption of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 34-1214 (Suppl. 1979) did not repeal the prior statute, but replaced a statute already clearly void for unconstitutionality. Appellant cites Sweeney v. Sweeney, 267 Ark. 595, 593 S.W. 2d 21 (1980), as holding that Act 705 should be given prospective application only. While this is true, it applies to the date of the order and not the date the divorce complaint.was filed. We said in Sweeney.

Here no emergency clause was enacted and neither is there express language regarding retroactive applicability. The act, therefore, is prospective in its application. Since the statute, § 34-1211, in effect when the chancellor’s order was entered, is unconstitutional and since Act 705, subsequent to the order, is prospective in its application, no statutory law exists to apply on remand. (Emphasis added.)

Appellant’s next three points of error all deal with her contention that appellee attempted to defraud her of property rights in a house purchased during the pendency of this case. Appellee apparently cashed in a life insurance policy owned by him on his son’s life and used the proceeds to make a $6,000 down payment on a house conveyed to his son, with the balance of the purchase price evidenced by a loan made to his son and not guaranteed or cosigned by appellee. It is undisputed, however, that appellee has lived in the house since its purchase and has made the house payments which appellee contends are equivalent to rent. Appellee failed to disclose in his deposition that he had made the $6,000 down payment, but prior to trial his counsel advised the court of his misstatement.

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Noble v. Noble, 605 S.W.2d 453, 270 Ark. 602, 1980 Ark. LEXIS 1628 (Ark. 1980).

605 S.W.2d 453 (Noble v. Noble) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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