New West v. Marcia L. Fudge

14 F.4th 647
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit·Decided September 20, 2021·No. 21-1372·Published

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCG

";G21E1372G < ;;<G!G  < ;;<G #<G

!G

 ;<%'%,G"G"(&!G!G%!G)"#E !'<G #;G

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCG

 ! ! ! !  ! !! ! !

 ! ! !!  !! !!!! !     !

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCG

  14<2021F 20<2021G CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCG

"%G <G$<G!G G!G  <$ $;G  <$$;G'%G'G',G"G "'<G !"&<G "! !GG"(&!G)"# !'G !G,G *G&'G !G *G(.G@"'),G *G&'A<G!G#G:15G "!G "%G'G#%"#%'&<G'G#%'&G&%G"('G'G##%"#%'G

G

* The court granted the parties’ joint motion to waive oral argument.

2G ";G21E1372G

&#"&'"!G"GG(!G*"%'G%"(,G:2;7G "!;G&G(!<G &'&G(!%G"!'%'&G'*!G *G&'G!G'GE #%' !'G"G"(&!G!G%!G)"# !'F*"&G%!'G &(&&G"%G"*E!" G'!!'&G#%")G "&'GG"G'G "!,G"%G"#%'!G'G"(&!G)"# !'FGG&''G "G"G!&(%!G''G "!,G*"(GG)G"%G !'E !!G!G%#%G"G'G#%"#%'&GG *G&'G('G"!G '&G"'"!&G'"G'!!'&G"%G'G#%' !';G *G&'G !E '!&G''<G(&G'G&G!"G"!%G%&#"!&G"%G !'!!G "%G%#%<G'G&"(G%)G'G "!,;G('G'G#%' !'G&G %(&G *G&'B&G !&G"%G#, !'G!G&G"!G'G "!,G"%G'G!-'G"G "'<G*G&(G *G&'G&G 'G(!&BG#%"#%'"%;G G&#('G"('G'G&#"&'"!G"G'G%&%)G(!G%"&G (%!G'G"! !'"!G#%"!<G('G*GG!G$!$  $ "$ ! !<G921G;3G693G@7'G%;G2019AG@  $ $ A<G''G 'G&&(G&G"%GG&#%'G&('G*'G'G#%' !'G&GE !!';G&G&('G&G'G%&(';GG&'%'G(G%!'G'G #%' !'B&G "'"!G"%G&( %,G( !';G2021G;;G&';G G21393G@ ;;G ;G;G4<G2021A;G

 $ $ G%&G'*"G"!(&"!&G#%'!!'G'"G'G(%E %!'G&('=G-%&'<G''G12G;;;GD1702G*)&G'G#%' !'B&G &")%!G  (!',G '"G G  G &G "!G G "!'%'>G &"!<G ''G"!,GG"!'%'<G%'%G'!GG&''('G"%G%('"!<G".%&G *G&'G!,G#%"&#'G"G&(&&;GG#%'&G'G'&G"!E (&"!&G&G)!<G&"G*G!G'"G%&")GG&#('G"('G'G !!G"G'G"!'%'&G'*!G *G&'G!G'G#%'E !';G ('G *G &'G "&G !"'G %,G "!G "!'%'(G ;G !E &'G'G&,&G''G'G#%'&BGG"G#%")!G&(%',G"%G%E #%&G!G !'!!G #&G''G'G "!,G (&'G"!G'"G

";G21E1372G 3G

'G"!G'G#%"'B&G"*!%&#G#&&&G'"G&" "!G&;G&G *G!"'G";G%#&<G(&G'G "!,G G%" G'GE %G%&(%,G'%"(G'G#, !'G"G")E %'G%!'&<G'G "!,G&"(G%)%'G'"G'G%&(%,;G%G#%#&<G(&G'G "!,G&G&!G'"G#%")G&(%',GG'G#%"'B&G"*!%G &G'"G 'G'&G%&#"!&'&<G'G(!G&"(G#&&<G*'G'G (!&<G'"G'G#%"'B&G!*G"*!%;G%G#%#&<G(&GG "G "G 'G (!G &G '"G #%"''G '!!'&BG !'%&'&<G 'G "!,G &"(G G &'%('G '"G 'G '!!'&G "%G (&G '"G %(G '%G %!'&;GG!%G"')G"&G!"'G%&")G*G"G'&G#"&E &'&G'G"!'%'!G#%'&G';G'G%$(%&GGE &"!G!"G!G%G!(<G*G'&G"!'%'&G;G *G&'G&G'G#!'.G!G%&G'G%&G"G!"!E#%&(&"!;G "E*'B&E&'EE'!&E"!&%G&GG#""%G&(&''('G"%G "!%'G!(G!GG"!'%'G&;G "*G'G&!B'G$('G%'G'"G&,G''G *G&'G,#&&&$G "!'%'(G !(;G (%',G % !'&G )G 'G #%'E !'GG!G"!G'G(!B&G"!'!'&<G!G'&G%G'G"!,G"!E '%'&G"!G*G *G&'G%&;G!G'G"! !'"!G*&G " #'<G!G *G&'G!"G"!%G"*!G'G#%"'<G'GE #%' !'G %&G '&G !G ,G #%"#%G "( !'&G (!%G 'G !"% G" %G";G"%!G'"G *G&'<G'&G!E &&%,G&"*&G''G'G!"*G"*!&G'G(!G"('%';G('G''B&G !"'G &";G G !G "G 'G !G !&G ''G 'G #%' !'G !"G "!%G&GG&(%',G!'%&';G('G*"$ G'G(!?GGE &!G "G G &(%',G !'%&'G "&G !"'G !&*%G 'G $(&'"!F !<G &G *G +#!G ")<G 'G #"&&'&G !(G *G &'<G 'G ',G "G "'<G 'G %&(%,<G !G 'G '!!'&;G &G &!&G(&GG'"G'G"!'%'&<G*G"G!"'G%&&G'G&(E ';G *G &'G )G 'G #%' !'G &(%',G !G *')%G #%"#%',G!'%&'G *G&'G#"&&&&G!G'G(!<G('G'G'G "G"!G&"G"&G!"'G&'&G*'G *G&'B&G!'%&'G*&;G 4G ";G21E1372G

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

";G21E1372G 5G

(&G12G;;;GD1702G&GG*)%G"G&")%!G (!',G'"G#(%E &(GG'"%'G ;G "'G''G'&G /%&;G"G)GG G"%G'"%'"(&G"!)%E &"!G "G #%"#%',<G *G &'G (&'G -%&'G &'&G ''G 'G "!,G!G'G%&%)G(!G&G'&G#%"#%',;G !G"'%G*"%&<G'"G *!GG'"%'G G *G&'G (&'G-%&'G*!G'&G"!'%'G F !GG'GG!GG'"G#%)G"!G'G"!'%'G G@*G 'G !B'A<G *G &'G *"(G !"'G )G !G G "!)%&"!G  G&GG;G AFFIRMED

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

New West v. Marcia L. Fudge, 14 F.4th 647 (7th Cir. 2021).

14 F.4th 647 (New West v. Marcia L. Fudge) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.