NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-1150-16T1
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SITE REMEDIATION COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT,
Petitioner-Respondent,
v.
RARITAN SHOPPING CENTER, LP,
Respondent-Appellant. ________________________________
Argued May 2, 2018 – Decided October 17, 2018
Before Judges Fuentes, Koblitz and Suter.
On appeal from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.
Lawrence S. Berger argued the cause for appellant (Berger & Bornstein, LLC, attorneys; Lawrence S. Berger, on the brief).
Elspeth L. Faiman Hans, Deputy Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent (Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney; Jason W. Rockwell, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Elspeth L. Faiman Hans, on the brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
SUTER, J.A.D.
Defendant Raritan Shopping Center, LP (Raritan) appeals the October 6,
2016 Final Decision by the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (Final Decision) that granted summary decision to
petitioner Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and affirmed its
January 13, 2014 Administrative Order and Notice of Civil Administrative
Penalty Assessment (AONOCAPA), that found Raritan violated certain
environmental remediation statutes and regulations and imposed $66,200 in
administrative penalties. Because the Final Decision was entered following the
parties' motions for summary disposition, our review on the legal issue is de
novo. L.A. v. Bd. of Educ. of City of Trenton, 221 N.J. 192, 204 (2015). We
affirm the Final Decision based on our review of the uncontested facts, statutes
and case law and determine that the penalties imposed do not represent an abuse
of discretion.
I
Raritan owns a shopping center in the Borough of Raritan (Borough). It
was built on land that from 1959 to 1979, was operated by the Borough as a
A-1150-16T1 2 municipal landfill. The landfill closed in 1979. The property was sold in the
mid-1980's to Raritan Center Realty Associates and developed by Raritan Mall
Associates.1 Raritan Associates hired a consultant to evaluate the contents of
the landfill. The landfill was capped with silty soil, a gravel bed, plastic
membrane and protective clay. Ground water monitoring wells were installed
as well as a degasification system. DEP's approval under the Environmental
Cleanup Responsibility Act (ECRA), N.J.S.A. 13:1K-1 to -42,2 was obtained to
transfer the property. The Borough agreed with DEP to conduct monitoring of
the ground water and treatment after 1991. Sampling at various times showed
volatile organic compounds and heavy metals exceeding the ground water
permit that may have come from offsite or natural sources. Raritan Mall
Associates built a shopping center on the site.
Raritan purchased the shopping center in March 1993. Prior to purchase,
it hired HTS Environmental Group to conduct environmental testing at the
property. HTS's testing reported the presence of tetrachloroethylene above
federal drinking water standards. However, it noted that the water in the area
1 These entities are not related to Raritan. 2 ECRA was replaced by the Industrial Site Recovery Act (ISRA) in 1993. N.J.S.A. 13:1K-6. A-1150-16T1 3 "is not used for consumptive purposes" and that "low levels of chemicals of this
kind are expected in the groundwater in the vicinity of a closed municipal
landfill." HTS recommended that "any additional well testing required by [DEP]
be completed in accordance with their instructions or requests." HTS gave its
opinion that the property "represents a low environmental risk scenario
contingent upon completion of the aforementioned items."
In 2003, a prospective purchaser of the property hired an environmental
consulting firm to conduct ground water testing and discovered a "hot spot" of
contamination containing levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes
(BTEX), chlorobenzene, TCE, PCE, dichloroethene (DCE), and vinyl chloride
above DEP groundwater-quality standards. Raritan hired Enviro-Sciences, Inc.
(ESI) to delineate the extent of the contaminated area. With DEP's approval,
Raritan excavated the indicated area that revealed three steel drums, containing
"yellow sandy soil of an unknown composition." Raritan disposed of seventeen
hundred pounds of hazardous solid waste contaminated with lead and TCE.
DEP and Raritan signed a memorandum of agreement in February 2004,
where Raritan acknowledged that TCE was present at the site, but had been
removed through soil excavation. Raritan claimed that "[a]ll contaminants
found at the site [were] related to the former landfill operations." It
A-1150-16T1 4 acknowledged that "[b]ased on past investigations, both soil and groundwater
have been slightly impacted by benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total
xylenes, and/or chlorobenzene." The "hot spot" impacted soil and groundwater
with TCE, however, "after the impacted soils were excavated," Raritan claimed,
"[a] continuing [TCE] source no longer remain[ed] on-site." Raritan agreed to
submit a Remedial Investigation Report/Remedial Action Report (RIR/RAR) to
DEP.
ESI submitted the RIR/RAR report for Raritan in September 2004. It
requested that DEP issue a "No Further Action" letter for the site, but with a
"Classification Exception Area" (CEA)3 to restrict ground water usage because
there still were "low" levels of benzene present at the site. DEP rejected this
request in March 2007, issuing a Notice of Deficiency, because it claimed ESI's
ground water sampling methodology was flawed and the proposed CEA did not
address chlorinated compounds that previously had been detected at the site.
DEP requested a remedial investigation workplan in sixty days. Raritan
3 DEP may establish a CEA when it determines "that constituent standards for a given classification are not being met or will not be met in a localized area." N.J.A.C. 7:9C-1.6(a). Within that area, DEP shall "define appropriate designated uses." N.J.A.C. 7:9C-1.6(b). A-1150-16T1 5 responded in June 2007 by referring any ground water issues to the Borough and
did not submit a workplan.
It was not until 2011 that DEP again addressed the RIR/RAR deficiencies
with Raritan. DEP advised Raritan by letters of its obligations under the Site
Remediation Reform Act (SRRA), N.J.S.A. 58:10C-1 to -29, to retain a licensed
site remediation professional (LSRP), complete the remediation within
mandatory timeframes, complete an initial receptor evaluation and conduct a
proper site evaluation. In December of 2012, Raritan had still not complied, and
DEP advised the matter was transferred to enforcement and that it would issue
an administrative order with penalties.
DEP issued the AONOCAPA on January 13, 2014. In it, DEP found that
"on August 21, 2003, [Raritan] conducted ground water sampling and reported
[TCE], cis-1, 2-dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, methylene chloride, benzene,
and toluene above the Ground Water Quality Standards (GWQS) at
concentrations of 120,000 parts per billion (ppb), 98,000 ppb, and 4,500 ppb,
2,000 ppb, 7.3 ppb, and 1,100 ppb, respectively." Because these were
"hazardous substances pursuant to the Spill Compensation and Control Act
A-1150-16T1 6 [Spill Act], N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11b," Raritan was responsible under the Spill Act
for remediation.4
The AONOCAPA alleged Raritan violated applicable regulations by (1)
failing to conduct remediation in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.3(a)(3); (2)
"fail[ing] to hire [an LSRP] upon the occurrence of one of the events listed in
N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.2(a), and to provide the required information to [DEP] within
[forty-five] days as required;" (3) "fail[ing] to submit an initial receptor
evaluation within the required timeframe" in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26E-
1.12(c); and (4) "fail[ing] to pay fees, oversight costs, and [to] submit [the]
Annual Remediation Fee Reporting Form."5 DEP ordered Raritan to cure these
violations. The AONOCAPA assessed an aggregate civil administrative penalty
against Raritan of $66,200.6
4 This reference is to the Spill Compensation and Control Act, N.J.S.A. 58:10 - 23.11 to -23.24. 5 N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.3(a)(4) requires payment of "all applicable fees and oversight costs as required." N.J.A.C. 7:26C-4.3(a)(4) requires submission of "the annual remediation fee, and the appropriate form." 6 This included $15,000 for failure to conduct remediation in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.3(a)(3); $15,000 for failure to hire an LSRP pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.3(a)(1); $25,000 for failure to submit an initial receptor evaluation within the required timeframe in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26E- 1.12(c); and $11,200 for failure to pay fees, oversight costs in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.3(a)(4). A-1150-16T1 7 Raritan requested a hearing and the case was transmitted to the Office of
Administrative Law as contested. Following cross-motions for summary
disposition, the administrative law judge (ALJ) issued an Initial Decision in
favor of DEP, finding that "Raritan [was] liable for violations of the Spill Act,
the Brownfield Act, the SRRA, and the regulations promulgated under those
statutes as a person who 'is in any way responsible for any hazardous
substance[,]'" not because it had discharged a hazardous substance, but because
it was a current owner of a contaminated site. 7 The ALJ found that Raritan was
responsible for remediation because it was a subsequent owner of the real
property where the discharge occurred prior to the filing of a final remediation
document8 with [DEP]. Further, "DEP [was] not required to prove the presence
7 The references here are to the Brownfield and Contaminated Site Remediation Act (Brownfield Act), N.J.S.A. 58:10B-1 to -31, and the Site Remediation Reform Act (SRRA), N.J.S.A. 58:10C-1 to -29. The regulations referenced are the Administrative Requirements for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites (ARRCS), N.J.A.C. 7:26C-1.1 to -16.3 and Technical Requirements for Site Remediation (Tech Rules), N.J.A.C. 7:26E-1.1 to -5.8. The ALJ's decision quoted N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11g(c)(1). 8 A final remediation document is "a no further action letter or a response action outcome." N.J.A.C. 7:26C-1.3. A no further action letter consists of a written determination by DEP that either there are no contaminants remaining at the site or that the contaminants "have been remediated in accordance with applicable remediation statutes, rules, guidance and all applicable permits and authorizations have been obtained." Ibid. A response action outcome is "a written determination by a [LSRP] that the site was remediated in accordance with all applicable statutes, rules and guidance . . . ." Ibid. A-1150-16T1 8 of hazardous substances as of May 7, 2009 or May 7, 2012, in order to hold
Raritan responsible" and that Raritan's failure to file "a final remediation
document . . . and meet the requirements of N.J.S.A. 58:10-1.3(b), N.J.A.C.
7:26C-2.3, and N.J.A.C. 7:26E-1.2."
On October 6, 2016, the Commissioner issued the Final Decision that
adopted the Initial Decision, finding "the ALJ correctly concluded that Raritan
is liable for violations of the Spill Act, the Brownfield Act, SRRA, and the rules
governing the remediation of contaminated sites." The Commissioner found
that Raritan was a responsible party under the Spill Act as "the current owner of
a property on which hazardous substances have been discharged and for which
a final remediation document has not been filed." As such, it was "strictly,
jointly and severally liable under the Spill Act and must complete remediation
in accordance with the Brownfield Act and SRRA . . . regardless of the source
of the discharge, Raritan's fault in causing the discharge, or the assumption of
ground water monitoring responsibilities by the Borough." The Commissioner
found that Raritan was not an innocent purchaser under the Spill Act because
Raritan could not show "that at the time of acquisition, it 'did not know and had
no reason to know that any hazardous substance had been discharged at the real
property,'" as required by N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11g(d)(5). Further, the case of
A-1150-16T1 9 Dep't of Envtl. Prot. v. J.T. Baker Co., 234 N.J. Super. 234 (Ch. Div. 1989),
aff'd per curiam, 246 N.J. Super. 224 (App. Div. 1991), citied by Raritan, was
inapplicable, because "Raritan is liable not as a discharger but rather as the
informed purchaser and owner of contaminated property which is in need of
remediation." The Commissioner concluded the ARRCS regulations did apply
because "the necessary remediation is of ground water contamination, not the
landfill itself." The Final Decision affirmed DEP's administrative penalty
against Raritan, assessed under N.J.A.C. 7:26C-9.5. It ordered Raritan to
conduct the remediation, hire an LSRP, submit an initial receptor evaluation,
pay fees and costs and pay the administrative penalty.
On appeal, Raritan contends that DEP cannot impose penalties under the
Spill Act for discharges prior to its effective date in 1977, that Raritan did not
discharge hazardous materials and even if there were a discharge, DEP did not
prove that it occurred after 1977. Raritan argues that the regulations relied on
by DEP are not applicable because this is a closed landfill. In addition, it asserts
DEP did not prove the presence of any contaminants at the site during relevant
periods. Raritan claims it is not liable for clean up or removal costs under the
Spill Act or administrative penalties.
A-1150-16T1 10 II
We review de novo an agency's summary decision because it is a legal
determination. L.A., 221 N.J. at 204. The standard governing agency
determinations under N.J.A.C. 1:1-12.5 is "substantially the same as that
governing a motion under Rule 4:46-2 for summary judgment in civil litigation."
Id. at 203 (quoting Contini v. Bd. of Educ. of Newark, 286 N.J. Super. 106, 121-
22 (App. Div. 1995)). Summary judgment must be granted if "the pleadings,
depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with the
affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact
challenged and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment or order as a
matter of law." Templo Fuente De Vida Corp. v. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of
Pittsburgh, 224 N.J. 189, 199 (2016) (quoting R. 4:46-2(c)). We are not "bound
by [an] agency's interpretation of a statute or its determination of a strictly legal
issue." L.A., 221 N.J. at 204 (alteration in original) (quoting Dep't of Children
& Familes, N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. T.B., 207 N.J. 294, 302
(2011)).
Raritan contends DEP cannot impose penalties or other relief under the
Spill Act for discharges that occurred prior to its 1977 effective date. It further
argues that there was no "discharge" with which Raritan could be charged.
A-1150-16T1 11 Under the Spill Act, "any person who has discharged a hazardous
substance, or is in any way responsible for any hazardous substance, shall be
strictly liable, jointly and severally, without regard to fault, for all cleanup and
removal costs no matter by whom incurred." N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11g(c)(1). "The
strict liability imposed has been held to be broad in scope." T & E Ind. v. Safety
Light Corp., 227 N.J. Super. 228, 244 (App. Div. 1988) (citations omitted). "The
phrase [in any way responsible] must be broadly construed to encompass either
ownership or control over the property at the time of the damaging discharge, or
control over the hazardous substance that caused the contamination." N.J. Schs.
Dev. Auth. v. Marcantuone, 428 N.J. Super. 546, 559 (App. Div. 2012). See
N.J. Dep't of Envtl. Prot. v. Dimant, 212 N.J. 153, 177 (2012).
Liability may exist "for an owner who purchased previously contaminated
land and failed to conduct due diligence prior to purchase . . . ." Marcantuone,
428 N.J. Super. at 561. DEP's regulations provide that a person "in any way
responsible" under the Spill Act (a responsible party) includes "[e]ach
subsequent owner of the real property where the discharge occurred prior to the
filing of a final remediation document with the Department." N.J.A.C. 7:26C -
1.4(a)(4). The regulations narrowly define a final remediation document as
either a "no further action letter or a response action outcome." N.J.A.C. 7:26C-
A-1150-16T1 12 1.3. An "innocent purchaser" who satisfies all the provisions of N.J.S.A. 58:10-
23.11g(d)(5) is not liable for cleanup and removal costs.
A responsible person under the Spill Act is to remediate hazardous
substances that have been discharged in accord with requirements set forth in
the Brownfield Act, the SRRA, and the ARRCS and Tech Rules regulations.
The Legislature intended through enactment of the SRRA to "improve the
efficiency and speed with which environmental sites are remediated." Des
Champs Labs. v. Martin, 427 N.J. Super. 84, 99 (App. Div. 2012). It created a
new "paradigm." Ibid. "[S]ites would be remediated without prior
Department[al] approval, but while still requiring the Department to maintain a
certain level of oversight." Ibid. (alteration in original) (quoting 43 N.J.R.
1077(a), 1078 (May 2, 2011)).
Under the Brownfield Act, the Legislature set forth the requirements for
remediation by "a person in any way responsible for a hazardous substance"
under the Spill Act. N.J.S.A. 58:10B-1.3(a). These include hiring a LSRP,
establishing a remediation funding source, paying applicable fees and costs
required by DEP, allowing access to the site and to documents, and meeting
remediation timeframes. N.J.S.A. 58:10B-1.3(b). Relevant here, DEP required
Raritan to conduct remediation in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.3(a)(3); to
A-1150-16T1 13 hire an LSRP, N.J.A.C. 7:26C-2.3(a)(1); to submit an initial receptor evaluation,
N.J.A.C. 7:26E-1.12(c); to pay fees and oversight costs, N.J.A.C. 7:26C-
2.3(a)(4), and submit the Annual Remediation Fee Reporting Form, N.J.A.C.
7:26C-4.3(a)(4).
We agree with the Final Decision that pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:26-
1.4(a)(4)(ii), Raritan is a responsible party under the Spill Act as the owner of
property where a discharge occurred previously, no final remediation document
had been issued, and the party did not qualify as an innocent purchaser. Raritan
was required as a responsible party under the Spill Act to comply with the Spill
Act, the Brownfield Act, the SRRA and DEP's regulations. It did not comply.
It did not hire an LSRP, submit a receptor evaluation, conduct a further a site
investigation, or pay required fees. This triggered enforcement by DEP and the
assessed administrative penalty.
DEP notified Raritan as early as March 2007 that there were deficiencies
in its RIR/RAR that required additional investigation and that it would not iss ue
a no-further action letter. These deficiencies were not cured by Raritan. Once
the SRRA was enacted in 2009, Raritan then had to conduct remediation in
accordance with it and the promulgated regulations. The Commissioner's
conclusion that there was contamination on the site and that Raritan never
A-1150-16T1 14 received a final remediation document from DEP comports with the evidence.
As such, Raritan was responsible to remediate in accord with DEP's regulations
and, having failed to do so, was liable for enforcement and administrative
penalties.
J.T. Baker Co., 234 N.J. Super. at 246-47 does not afford Raritan a safe
harbor. In Baker, DEP sought to impose penalties for discharges that occurred
before 1977. The Chancery judge concluded the Spill Act could not be applied
retroactively to penalize a company for discharges that occurred before the Act
became effective. However, Baker was decided before enactment of the SRRA,
which requires a responsible person under the Spill Act to remediate consistent
with the SRRA once a discharge has occurred. Raritan does not dispute a
discharge occurred affecting the ground water or that by May 2012, it had not
obtained a final remediation document from DEP.
The "innocent purchaser" portion of the Spill Act as amended in 2001
makes it clear that Raritan is a responsible person. Under that section:
[a] person, including an owner or operator of a major facility, who owns real property acquired prior to September 14, 1993 on which there has been a discharge, shall not be liable for cleanup and removal costs or for any other damages to the State or to any other person for the discharged hazardous substance pursuant to subsection c. of this section or pursuant to civil common law, if that person can establish by a
A-1150-16T1 15 preponderance of the evidence that subparagraphs (a) through (d) apply:
(a) the person acquired the real property after the discharge of that hazardous substance at the real property;
(b) (i) at the time the person acquired the real property, the person did not know and had no reason to know that any hazardous substance had been discharged at the real property, or (ii) the person acquired the real property by devise or succession, except that any other funds or property received by that person from the deceased real property owner who discharged a hazardous substance or was in any way responsible for a hazardous substance, shall be made available to satisfy the requirements of P.L.1976, c.141;
(c) the person did not discharge the hazardous substance, is not in any way responsible for the hazardous substance, and is not a corporate successor to the discharger or to any person in any way responsible for the hazardous substance or to anyone liable for cleanup and removal costs pursuant to this section;
(d) the person gave notice of the discharge to the department upon actual discovery of that discharge.
[N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11g(d)(5).]
All four elements of this section must be met to assert the innocent
purchaser defense under the Spill Act. See Marcantuone, 428 N.J. Super. at
549-50; 560-61. Marcantuone involved post-contamination purchasers. We
said in Marcantuone that "liability may exist for an owner who purchased
A-1150-16T1 16 previously contaminated land and failed to conduct due diligence prior to
purchase." Id. at 561. This was based on the Legislature's 2001 amendment of
the Spill Act. We stated that:
[u]nder N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11g(d)(5), defendants must prove that, at the time they acquired the property in 1985, they did not know or have reason to know that hazardous substances had been discharged on the property. To meet this defense, defendants must prove that they undertook, "at the time of acquisition, all appropriate inquiry on the previous ownership and uses of the property based upon generally accepted good and customary standards." N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11g(d)(5) . . . . Thus, the trial court must first determine what the generally accepted good and customary standards were at the time defendants acquired title to the property. Defendants can then present evidence as to what pre- purchase efforts and investigation they undertook. Liability will depend upon whether defendants satisfied the prevailing standard as found by the court.
[Marcantuone, 428 N.J. Super. at 560-61.]
Here, Raritan could not establish that it "did not know and had no reason
to know that any hazardous substance had been discharged at the real property."
When it purchased the property in March 1993, the Borough was conducting
ongoing ground water monitoring that showed elevated levels of hazardous
substances. Its own consultant, HTS, found similar results. HTS recommended
that Raritan complete "any additional well testing required by NJDEP."
Therefore, Raritan knew or had reason to know that the ground water had
A-1150-16T1 17 contamination from hazardous substances. It did not comply with DEP's
direction to resolve deficiencies in its RIF/RAF, which precluded it from
satisfying the innocent purchaser defense.
We disagree with Raritan that because this site previously was a landfill,
the ARRCS and Tech Rules regulations do not apply. Raritan purchased a
shopping center; it did not own, operate or close a landfill.9 As such, the
exception in N.J.A.C. 7:26C-1.4(c)(2) about remediating a landfill did not apply
in this context. We also defer to the Commissioner's interpretation of DEP
9 In its reply brief, Raritan argues that the Legacy Landfill Act, N.J.S.A. 13:1E - 125.1 to -125.9 is applicable here. Under that Act, an LSRP is not required. Rather, N.J.S.A. 13:1E-125.7 provides that an owner of a legacy or closed sanitary landfill facility "that undertakes any activity that includes the placement or disposal of any material, regrading, compression, venting, construction or installation of monitors or wells at the legacy landfill or a closed sanitary landfill shall hire a New Jersey licensed professional engineer to perform the closure and to oversee any other activities performed [there]." When the requi rement for an LSRP was removed from the Act, the pertinent statement with Senate Floor Amendments stated that one of the floor amendments was to "remove the requirement that a [LSRP] oversee activity [at the closed landfill] that accepts for placement additional waste or material and instead [only] require a N.J. licensed professional engineer to oversee those activities." Senate Floor Amendments, Statements to S. 2861 (June 20, 2013). Notably, this Act did not expressly reference the remediation of hazardous material from, a discharge, or a landfill underlying a commercial facility with human occupation. Thus, we reject Raritan's argument that the Legacy Landfill Act was controlling in this context. A-1150-16T1 18 regulations. See In re Freshwater Wetlands General Permit No. 16, 379 N.J.
Super. 331, 341-42 (App. Div. 2005).
Raritan contends the AONOCAPA should have been dismissed because
DEP did not establish that there existed contaminants on the site either in May
2009, when the SRRA was enacted, or May 2012, when the SRRA became
effective. Raritan argues the discharge was fully remediated when ESI
excavated the "hot spot." However, it was not disputed that Raritan did not
receive any final remediation documents from DEP. Thus, after May 9, 2012,
Raritan was required to remediate consistent with the SRRA and regulations
because it did not have a final remediation document from DEP. N.J.A.C.
7:26C-1.4(a)(4).
III
We will not reverse the Commissioner's order assessing penalties unless
we find the decision to be "'arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable, or . . . not
supported by substantial credible evidence in the record as a whole.'" Kadonsky
v. Lee, 452 N.J. Super. 198, 202 (App. Div. 2017) (quoting In re Stallworth, 208
N.J. 182, 194 (2011)). We "defer to the specialized or technical expertise of the
agency charged with administration of a regulatory system." K.K. v. Div. of
A-1150-16T1 19 Med. Assistance & Health Servs., 453 N.J. Super. 157, 160 (App. Div. 2018)
(quoting In re Virtua-West Jersey Hosp., 194 N.J. 413, 422 (2008)).
Here, the Commissioner imposed administrative penalties consistent with
the regulatory violations and in accord with DEP's penalty regulation. These
were the minimum "base" penalties for these violations. See N.J.A.C. 7:26C-
9.5 -9.6. Penalties can be assessed where enforcement is necessary to achieve
remediation. See N.J.S.A. 58:10B-1.3(e) (failure to comply can result in
enforcement under N.J.S.A. 58:10-23.11u(c)(1), which authorizes civil
administrative penalties). There was nothing arbitrary, capricious or
unreasonable about the Commissioner's assessment of the penalties in this case.
The Commissioner applied the regulations.
Affirmed.
A-1150-16T1 20