1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 ANGEL V. NEVAREZ, Case No. 23-cv-04430-HSG
8 Plaintiff, ORDER OF DISMISSAL WITH LEAVE TO AMEND 9 v.
10 NAPA STATE HOSPITAL, et al., 11 Defendants.
12 13 Plaintiff has filed a pro se action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. His complaint (Dkt. No. 1) 14 is now before the Court for review under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Plaintiff has been granted leave to 15 proceed in forma pauperis in a separate order. 16 DISCUSSION 17 A. Standard of Review 18 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a prisoner seeks 19 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 20 § 1915A(a). In its review, the court must identify any cognizable claims and dismiss any claims 21 that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted or seek 22 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), 23 (2). Pro se pleadings must, however, be liberally construed. See United States v. Qazi, 975 F.3d 24 989, 993 (9th Cir. 2020). 25 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires only “a short and plain statement of the 26 claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). “Specific facts are not 27 necessary; the statement need only “‘give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the 1 While Rule 8 does not require detailed factual allegations, it demands more than an unadorned, 2 the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 677–78 (2009). 3 A pleading that offers only labels and conclusions, or a formulaic recitation of the elements of a 4 cause of action, or naked assertions devoid of further factual enhancement does not suffice. Id. 5 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential elements: (1) that a 6 right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) that the alleged 7 violation was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 8 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 9 B. Complaint 10 Plaintiff names as defendants Napa State Hospital (“NSH”) and NSH psych techs Emilion 11 and Angel. The complaint makes the following legal claims. First, Plaintiff alleges that he was 12 denied medical care when his medical boot was taken away upon his arrival at NSH and when he 13 was not provided medical care for his torn Achilles. Plaintiff has not linked any specific 14 individual defendant to this claim. Second, Plaintiff alleges that he was denied right to free 15 exercise of religion when, in response to another patient accusing him of being a hypocrite, he 16 tried to rebuke the patient by reading to him from the Bible about enemy being the accuser, and 17 defendant Emilio ordered him to stop talking about the Bible. Third, Plaintiff alleges that he was 18 subjected to physical abuse when he stated that he intended to take the next sink available so that 19 he could shave, regardless of who was called next, and defendant Angel and other staff members 20 wrestled a razor away from him and injured him in the process. 21 The complaint suffers from the following deficiencies. 22 First, defendant Napa State Hospital is not a “person” within the meaning of Section 1983. 23 To state a claim under section 1983, the plaintiff must allege that a person was acting under the 24 color of state law and that the person committed a violation of a right secured by the Constitution 25 or laws of the United States. Napa State Hospital is a state agency and therefore, not a “person” 26 for purposes of section 1983. See O’Haire v. Napa State Hosp., No. C 07-0002 RMW (PR), 2009 27 WL 2447752, at *1 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 7, 2009) (dismissing section 1983 claims against Napa State 1 1983) (citing to Allison v. Calif. Adult Authority, 419 F.2d 822, 823 (9th Cir. 1969); Bennett v. 2 Calif., 406 F.2d 36, 39 (9th Cir. 1969). Accordingly, Napa State Hospital is DISMISSED from 3 this action with prejudice. 4 Second, in the first claim, Plaintiff has failed to link any named defendant or any 5 individual to the alleged denial of medical care. 6 Third, the complaint violates the joinder rule set forth in Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2). Rule 7 20(a)(2) provides that all persons “may be joined in one action as defendants if: (A) any right to 8 relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative with respect to or arising out 9 of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences; and (B) any question 10 of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2). The 11 upshot of these rules is that “multiple claims against a single party are fine, but Claim A against 12 Defendant 1 should not be joined with unrelated Claim B against Defendant 2.” George v. Smith, 13 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007). Plaintiff needs to choose the claims he wants to pursue in this 14 action that meet the joinder requirements. In this action, he should only pursue the acts that arise 15 out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences, and share a 16 common question of law or fact. To seek relief for claims arising out of other incidents or raising 17 different questions of law, Plaintiff must bring separate actions. Here, Plaintiff appears to be 18 seeking relief related to acts arising out of three different occurrences and regarding different Napa 19 State Hospital officials: (1) denial of medical care by unknown individuals for his torn Achilles; 20 (2) denial of free exercise of religion by psych tech Emilio; and (3) physical abuse by psych tech 21 Angel. Plaintiff would need to bring one action regarding psych tech’s Emilio’s alleged denial of 22 Plaintiff’s right to free exercise of religion; a separate action against psych tech Angel for alleged 23 unconstitutional use of force; and a third action regarding denial of medical care. 24 Fourth, it appears that Plaintiff has not exhausted his administrative remedies for his 25 claims, as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”). The PLRA sets forth the 26 following exhaustion requirement: “No action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions 27 under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or 1 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). The PLRA’s exhaustion requirement is mandatory, Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S.
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1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 ANGEL V. NEVAREZ, Case No. 23-cv-04430-HSG
8 Plaintiff, ORDER OF DISMISSAL WITH LEAVE TO AMEND 9 v.
10 NAPA STATE HOSPITAL, et al., 11 Defendants.
12 13 Plaintiff has filed a pro se action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. His complaint (Dkt. No. 1) 14 is now before the Court for review under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Plaintiff has been granted leave to 15 proceed in forma pauperis in a separate order. 16 DISCUSSION 17 A. Standard of Review 18 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a prisoner seeks 19 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 20 § 1915A(a). In its review, the court must identify any cognizable claims and dismiss any claims 21 that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted or seek 22 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), 23 (2). Pro se pleadings must, however, be liberally construed. See United States v. Qazi, 975 F.3d 24 989, 993 (9th Cir. 2020). 25 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires only “a short and plain statement of the 26 claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). “Specific facts are not 27 necessary; the statement need only “‘give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the 1 While Rule 8 does not require detailed factual allegations, it demands more than an unadorned, 2 the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 677–78 (2009). 3 A pleading that offers only labels and conclusions, or a formulaic recitation of the elements of a 4 cause of action, or naked assertions devoid of further factual enhancement does not suffice. Id. 5 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential elements: (1) that a 6 right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) that the alleged 7 violation was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 8 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 9 B. Complaint 10 Plaintiff names as defendants Napa State Hospital (“NSH”) and NSH psych techs Emilion 11 and Angel. The complaint makes the following legal claims. First, Plaintiff alleges that he was 12 denied medical care when his medical boot was taken away upon his arrival at NSH and when he 13 was not provided medical care for his torn Achilles. Plaintiff has not linked any specific 14 individual defendant to this claim. Second, Plaintiff alleges that he was denied right to free 15 exercise of religion when, in response to another patient accusing him of being a hypocrite, he 16 tried to rebuke the patient by reading to him from the Bible about enemy being the accuser, and 17 defendant Emilio ordered him to stop talking about the Bible. Third, Plaintiff alleges that he was 18 subjected to physical abuse when he stated that he intended to take the next sink available so that 19 he could shave, regardless of who was called next, and defendant Angel and other staff members 20 wrestled a razor away from him and injured him in the process. 21 The complaint suffers from the following deficiencies. 22 First, defendant Napa State Hospital is not a “person” within the meaning of Section 1983. 23 To state a claim under section 1983, the plaintiff must allege that a person was acting under the 24 color of state law and that the person committed a violation of a right secured by the Constitution 25 or laws of the United States. Napa State Hospital is a state agency and therefore, not a “person” 26 for purposes of section 1983. See O’Haire v. Napa State Hosp., No. C 07-0002 RMW (PR), 2009 27 WL 2447752, at *1 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 7, 2009) (dismissing section 1983 claims against Napa State 1 1983) (citing to Allison v. Calif. Adult Authority, 419 F.2d 822, 823 (9th Cir. 1969); Bennett v. 2 Calif., 406 F.2d 36, 39 (9th Cir. 1969). Accordingly, Napa State Hospital is DISMISSED from 3 this action with prejudice. 4 Second, in the first claim, Plaintiff has failed to link any named defendant or any 5 individual to the alleged denial of medical care. 6 Third, the complaint violates the joinder rule set forth in Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2). Rule 7 20(a)(2) provides that all persons “may be joined in one action as defendants if: (A) any right to 8 relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative with respect to or arising out 9 of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences; and (B) any question 10 of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2). The 11 upshot of these rules is that “multiple claims against a single party are fine, but Claim A against 12 Defendant 1 should not be joined with unrelated Claim B against Defendant 2.” George v. Smith, 13 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007). Plaintiff needs to choose the claims he wants to pursue in this 14 action that meet the joinder requirements. In this action, he should only pursue the acts that arise 15 out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences, and share a 16 common question of law or fact. To seek relief for claims arising out of other incidents or raising 17 different questions of law, Plaintiff must bring separate actions. Here, Plaintiff appears to be 18 seeking relief related to acts arising out of three different occurrences and regarding different Napa 19 State Hospital officials: (1) denial of medical care by unknown individuals for his torn Achilles; 20 (2) denial of free exercise of religion by psych tech Emilio; and (3) physical abuse by psych tech 21 Angel. Plaintiff would need to bring one action regarding psych tech’s Emilio’s alleged denial of 22 Plaintiff’s right to free exercise of religion; a separate action against psych tech Angel for alleged 23 unconstitutional use of force; and a third action regarding denial of medical care. 24 Fourth, it appears that Plaintiff has not exhausted his administrative remedies for his 25 claims, as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”). The PLRA sets forth the 26 following exhaustion requirement: “No action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions 27 under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or 1 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). The PLRA’s exhaustion requirement is mandatory, Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 2 199, 211 (2007), and requires “proper exhaustion” of available administrative remedies, Woodford 3 v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 93 (2006). On the form complaint, Plaintiff states that administrative 4 remedies are available but when asked if he submitted a request for administrative relief to the 5 highest level, he checked “No.” He states that he does not understand the process but complained 6 to the shift lead “without avail;” that he not very familiar with due process and not legally savvy; 7 and that he will “proceed to find the due process” / “proceed to submit due process definitely.” 8 Dkt. No. 1 at 3-5. Plaintiff is cautioned that the PLRA’s exhaustion requirement is mandatory and 9 an action may be dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. 10 The Court DISMISSES Napa State Hospital from this action with prejudice, and 11 DISMISSES the remainder of the complaint with leave to amend. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 12 1122, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000) (district court should grant leave to amend unless pleading could not 13 possibly be cured by allegation of other facts). 14 In preparing an amended complaint, the Court provides Plaintiff with the following 15 guidance. In setting forth his legal claims, Plaintiff should list the alleged constitutional provision 16 or federal law violated, identify the individual who committed the alleged constitutional or federal 17 law violation, and specify what the individual did, or did not do, that was either unlawful or 18 unconstitutional. 19 CONCLUSION 20 For the foregoing reasons, the Court DISMISSES Napa State Hospital from this action 21 with prejudice, and DISMISSES the remainder of the complaint with leave to amend. Within 22 twenty-eight (28) days of the date of this order, Plaintiff shall file an amended complaint that 23 addresses the identified deficiencies. The amended complaint must include the caption and civil 24 case number used in this order, Case No. C 23-04430 HSG (PR) and the words “AMENDED 25 COMPLAINT” on the first page. If using the court form complaint, Plaintiff must answer all the 26 questions on the form in order for the action to proceed. An amended complaint completely 27 replaces the previous complaint. See Lacey v. Maricopa Cnty., 693 F.3d 896, 925 (9th Cir. 2012). 1 and all of the defendants he wishes to sue, and may not incorporate material from the prior 2 || complaint by reference. Failure to file an amended complaint in accordance with this order in the 3 time provided will result in dismissal of this action without further notice to Plaintiff. The Clerk 4 || shall include two copies of the court’s complaint form with a copy of this order to Plaintiff. 5 IT IS SO ORDERED.
7 . ° wb S. GILLIAM, JR. / 8 United States District Judge 9 10 11 12
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