NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 14 2021 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
NEPTALI LORETO MORALES, No. 19-70404
Petitioner, Agency No. A095-008-910
v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted June 10, 2021 Pasadena, California
Before: MURGUIA and BADE, Circuit Judges, and MOLLOY,** District Judge.
Neptali Loreto Morales, a citizen of El Salvador and Mexico, petitions for
review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (BIA) decision affirming an
Immigration Judge’s (IJ) denial of his application for asylum and withholding of
removal. He also challenges the agency’s decision not to conduct a competency
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable Donald W. Molloy, United States District Judge for the District of Montana, sitting by designation. evaluation or grant a continuance so he could gather additional evidence related to
his competency. Exercising jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, we deny the
petition.
1. The agency did not abuse its discretion by failing to conduct a
competency inquiry. “[I]f an applicant shows ‘indicia of incompetency,’ the IJ has
an independent duty to determine whether the applicant is competent.” Mejia v.
Sessions, 868 F.3d 1118, 1121 (9th Cir. 2017) (citation omitted). Here, the only
possible indicium of incompetency was a statement by counsel at the beginning of
a hearing that Loreto Morales “just informed [him] a couple days ago that he has
severe PTSD.” As both the IJ and the BIA reasoned, a bare reference to possible
PTSD, lacking any corroboration or details about symptoms, treatment, or other
mental health conditions, and “without evidence of an inability to understand the
nature and object of the proceedings, [is] insufficient to show mental
incompetency,” Salgado v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 982, 985 (9th Cir. 2018). See id. at
984–88 (explaining that the bare assertion of recent memory loss was insufficient
to trigger a competency inquiry); see also In re M-A-M-, 25 I. & N. Dec. 474, 480
(BIA 2011) (“[W]e . . . recognize that there are many types of mental illness that,
even though serious, would not prevent a respondent from meaningfully
2 participating in immigration proceedings.”).1
2. The agency did not abuse its discretion in denying Loreto Morales’s
request for a continuance. “When evaluating an IJ’s denial of a motion for
continuance we consider a number of factors—including, for example, (1) the
importance of the evidence, (2) the unreasonableness of the immigrant’s conduct,
(3) the inconvenience to the court, and (4) the number of continuances previously
granted.” Cui v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1289, 1292 (9th Cir. 2008). All four factors
support the denial of a continuance. First, it was unlikely that a two-week
continuance would have yielded meaningful evidence given counsel’s admission
that he “couldn’t find indications” that Loreto Morales was even “seeing [a]
psychiatrist,” or taking any medications for PTSD.2 Second, Loreto Morales raised
this issue for the first time on the eve of his removal hearing after failing to raise
1 Loreto Morales also suggests that his alleged PTSD “afforded him the protections of Franco-Gonzalez class membership.” But the IJ correctly observed that PTSD was not “one of the enumerated mental illnesses within the [Franco- Gonzalez] class action.” See Franco-Gonzalez v. Holder, No. CV-10-02211 DMG DTBX, 2014 WL 5475097, at *2–3 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 29, 2014) (granting class-wide permanent injunction and defining class, in part, as those diagnosed with certain mental illnesses). 2 Because we are “limited to reviewing the facts considered by the [BIA]” and are “statutorily prevented from taking judicial notice of” extra-record evidence, Fisher v. INS, 79 F.3d 955, 963 (9th Cir. 1996) (en banc), and because no exception to this rule applies, see Singh v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 903, 905 (9th Cir. 2004), we deny Loreto Morales’s motion to supplement the record, Dkt. 41. Accordingly, we also deny the government’s motion for leave to file an untimely opposition to Loreto Morales’s motion to supplement, Dkt. 46.
3 any possible mental health issues throughout his years-long removal proceedings,
during which he was represented by multiple attorneys. Third, the IJ reasonably
found that granting a continuance (or keeping the record open, as Loreto Morales’s
attorney requested in the alternative) would have inconvenienced both the
government and the court. Finally, Loreto Morales had already received at least
four continuances, along with multiple warnings that his removal hearing would
not be further postponed.3
3. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s finding that Loreto
Morales did not establish a well-founded fear of persecution in El Salvador. The
IJ’s credibility finding did not require the agency to accept as true Loreto
Morales’s statements regarding coordination between Mexican and El Salvadoran
gangs, a matter beyond his personal knowledge. See Garland v. Dai, 141 S. Ct.
1669, 1681 (2021). Moreover, no evidence “compels the conclusion” that Loreto
Morales’s alleged persecutors in Mexico have counterparts in El Salvador, or that
they would coordinate with these associates to seek out and persecute former
Mexican soldiers living in El Salvador. Lolong v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 1173, 1181
(9th Cir. 2007) (en banc) (citation omitted). Because the BIA’s finding on this
3 Loreto Morales also argues that the IJ and the BIA erred by failing to consider the Cui factors. While the agency did not explicitly enumerate these factors, it adequately considered them as its analysis and factual findings closely track the facts we discuss above.
4 issue was sufficient to deny relief, we do not address Loreto Morales’s arguments
that he demonstrated a well-founded fear of persecution in Mexico. See Sung Kil
Jang v. Lynch, 812 F.3d 1187, 1192 (9th Cir. 2015) (“[T]o receive asylum, a
person of dual nationality must demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution in
both countries.” (citing In re B-R-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 119, 122 (BIA 2013))).
Loreto Morales also argues the IJ committed legal error by referring to the
“preponderance of the evidence” standard from 8 C.F.R. § 1240.8(d), which
applies only to grounds for mandatory denial of relief and was irrelevant in this
case. But the BIA did not expressly adopt this portion of the IJ’s analysis, nor did
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 14 2021 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
NEPTALI LORETO MORALES, No. 19-70404
Petitioner, Agency No. A095-008-910
v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted June 10, 2021 Pasadena, California
Before: MURGUIA and BADE, Circuit Judges, and MOLLOY,** District Judge.
Neptali Loreto Morales, a citizen of El Salvador and Mexico, petitions for
review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (BIA) decision affirming an
Immigration Judge’s (IJ) denial of his application for asylum and withholding of
removal. He also challenges the agency’s decision not to conduct a competency
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable Donald W. Molloy, United States District Judge for the District of Montana, sitting by designation. evaluation or grant a continuance so he could gather additional evidence related to
his competency. Exercising jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, we deny the
petition.
1. The agency did not abuse its discretion by failing to conduct a
competency inquiry. “[I]f an applicant shows ‘indicia of incompetency,’ the IJ has
an independent duty to determine whether the applicant is competent.” Mejia v.
Sessions, 868 F.3d 1118, 1121 (9th Cir. 2017) (citation omitted). Here, the only
possible indicium of incompetency was a statement by counsel at the beginning of
a hearing that Loreto Morales “just informed [him] a couple days ago that he has
severe PTSD.” As both the IJ and the BIA reasoned, a bare reference to possible
PTSD, lacking any corroboration or details about symptoms, treatment, or other
mental health conditions, and “without evidence of an inability to understand the
nature and object of the proceedings, [is] insufficient to show mental
incompetency,” Salgado v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 982, 985 (9th Cir. 2018). See id. at
984–88 (explaining that the bare assertion of recent memory loss was insufficient
to trigger a competency inquiry); see also In re M-A-M-, 25 I. & N. Dec. 474, 480
(BIA 2011) (“[W]e . . . recognize that there are many types of mental illness that,
even though serious, would not prevent a respondent from meaningfully
2 participating in immigration proceedings.”).1
2. The agency did not abuse its discretion in denying Loreto Morales’s
request for a continuance. “When evaluating an IJ’s denial of a motion for
continuance we consider a number of factors—including, for example, (1) the
importance of the evidence, (2) the unreasonableness of the immigrant’s conduct,
(3) the inconvenience to the court, and (4) the number of continuances previously
granted.” Cui v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1289, 1292 (9th Cir. 2008). All four factors
support the denial of a continuance. First, it was unlikely that a two-week
continuance would have yielded meaningful evidence given counsel’s admission
that he “couldn’t find indications” that Loreto Morales was even “seeing [a]
psychiatrist,” or taking any medications for PTSD.2 Second, Loreto Morales raised
this issue for the first time on the eve of his removal hearing after failing to raise
1 Loreto Morales also suggests that his alleged PTSD “afforded him the protections of Franco-Gonzalez class membership.” But the IJ correctly observed that PTSD was not “one of the enumerated mental illnesses within the [Franco- Gonzalez] class action.” See Franco-Gonzalez v. Holder, No. CV-10-02211 DMG DTBX, 2014 WL 5475097, at *2–3 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 29, 2014) (granting class-wide permanent injunction and defining class, in part, as those diagnosed with certain mental illnesses). 2 Because we are “limited to reviewing the facts considered by the [BIA]” and are “statutorily prevented from taking judicial notice of” extra-record evidence, Fisher v. INS, 79 F.3d 955, 963 (9th Cir. 1996) (en banc), and because no exception to this rule applies, see Singh v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 903, 905 (9th Cir. 2004), we deny Loreto Morales’s motion to supplement the record, Dkt. 41. Accordingly, we also deny the government’s motion for leave to file an untimely opposition to Loreto Morales’s motion to supplement, Dkt. 46.
3 any possible mental health issues throughout his years-long removal proceedings,
during which he was represented by multiple attorneys. Third, the IJ reasonably
found that granting a continuance (or keeping the record open, as Loreto Morales’s
attorney requested in the alternative) would have inconvenienced both the
government and the court. Finally, Loreto Morales had already received at least
four continuances, along with multiple warnings that his removal hearing would
not be further postponed.3
3. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s finding that Loreto
Morales did not establish a well-founded fear of persecution in El Salvador. The
IJ’s credibility finding did not require the agency to accept as true Loreto
Morales’s statements regarding coordination between Mexican and El Salvadoran
gangs, a matter beyond his personal knowledge. See Garland v. Dai, 141 S. Ct.
1669, 1681 (2021). Moreover, no evidence “compels the conclusion” that Loreto
Morales’s alleged persecutors in Mexico have counterparts in El Salvador, or that
they would coordinate with these associates to seek out and persecute former
Mexican soldiers living in El Salvador. Lolong v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 1173, 1181
(9th Cir. 2007) (en banc) (citation omitted). Because the BIA’s finding on this
3 Loreto Morales also argues that the IJ and the BIA erred by failing to consider the Cui factors. While the agency did not explicitly enumerate these factors, it adequately considered them as its analysis and factual findings closely track the facts we discuss above.
4 issue was sufficient to deny relief, we do not address Loreto Morales’s arguments
that he demonstrated a well-founded fear of persecution in Mexico. See Sung Kil
Jang v. Lynch, 812 F.3d 1187, 1192 (9th Cir. 2015) (“[T]o receive asylum, a
person of dual nationality must demonstrate a well-founded fear of persecution in
both countries.” (citing In re B-R-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 119, 122 (BIA 2013))).
Loreto Morales also argues the IJ committed legal error by referring to the
“preponderance of the evidence” standard from 8 C.F.R. § 1240.8(d), which
applies only to grounds for mandatory denial of relief and was irrelevant in this
case. But the BIA did not expressly adopt this portion of the IJ’s analysis, nor did
it summarily affirm the IJ’s decision or cite Matter of Burbano, 20 I. & N. Dec.
872, 874 (BIA 1994). Rather, it independently analyzed Loreto Morales’s asylum
claim, and nothing in its decision indicates that it applied the wrong legal standard
to this claim. Because the BIA did not adopt the IJ’s analysis on this issue, our
“review is limited to the BIA’s decision.” Joseph v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1235, 1239
(9th Cir. 2010) (citation omitted).
4. Loreto Morales argues the IJ erroneously denied his asylum claim on
the alternative ground that it was time-barred. Again, however, the BIA did not
adopt this portion of the IJ’s decision or address the time-bar issue in its own
decision. Therefore, we may not review the IJ’s finding that Loreto Morales’s
asylum claim was time-barred. See id.
5 DENIED.