Nelson v. Tuscarora Intermediate Unit No. 11

457 A.2d 1260, 500 Pa. 458, 1983 Pa. LEXIS 489
CourtSupreme Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedMarch 16, 1983
DocketNo. 81-3-426
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 457 A.2d 1260 (Nelson v. Tuscarora Intermediate Unit No. 11) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Nelson v. Tuscarora Intermediate Unit No. 11, 457 A.2d 1260, 500 Pa. 458, 1983 Pa. LEXIS 489 (Pa. 1983).

Opinion

[460]*460OPINION

McDERMOTT, Justice.

This is an appeal from the order of the Commonwealth Court,1 which affirmed the decision of the Court of Common Pleas of Huntingdon County,2 granting appellee a judgment of $1,687.09 plus interests and costs as against appellant for the educational costs for school year 1973-1974 incurred by a mentally retarded minor who temporarily resided at appellant’s private care facility. The issue is whether the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by Act of Assembly3 may require a private Pennsylvania institution to pay the cost of education in public school of a mentally retarded child residing in such Pennsylvania institution, where the parents of the child are residents of the State of New Jersey.4

The facts of this case are undisputed and as follows: the handicapped child was born on June 11,1959 of parents who have at all times relevant resided in New Jersey. On June 26, 1972, this lad was transferred by his parents from the Lochland School in Geneva, New York to Nelson House, located in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. At this time, the child did not move to New Jersey because a residential facility could not be found there that was suitable to his needs. The trial court determined that this youth was a trainable mentally-retarded child suffering from limitations of immature behavior and lack of self-control.

Appellant, Nelson House, is a private institution, licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, providing residential care for mentally retarded children. Appel[461]*461lant orally agreed with the child’s parents to provide the boy with residential support at a cost of $600.00 per month from June of 1972 through the 1975-1976 school year. Appellant, as a private institution, has received no funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or the State of New Jersey for this child’s maintenance or education.

Appellee, Tuscarora Intermediate Unit No. 11, pursuant to the Public School Code,5 enrolled this child in its program for trainable mentally retarded students for the 1973-1974 school year, and billed appellant Nelson House $1,687.09 for the tuition for this period. Appellee did not seek to recover the cost of the child’s education from his parents. Appellee received federal funding throughout the 1973-1974 school year when this child was enrolled at Tuscarora Unit No. 11.

In July 1975, appellee brought an action in assumpsit against Nelson House, seeking to recover the cost of the child’s education. Nelson House now seeks reversal of that judgment which required appellant to pay such costs.

A comprehensive review of the relevant provisions of the Public School Code indicates that appellant was obligated under the Public School Code to pay for the child’s education while such child resided at appellant’s private institution.

Initially, this child is not entitled to free education by virtue of being a resident of the school district serviced by Tuscarora Unit No. 11. Section 1302 of the Code, 24 P.S. § 13-1302 provides in relevant part that, “A child shall be considered a resident of the school district in which his parents or the guardian of his person resides.” The youth’s parents resided in New Jersey and the Nelson House was not a “guardian” but simply a temporary custodian while the child resided at appellant’s residential care facility.

Rather, the Public School Code specifically targets the private institution as bearing the burden of educational costs for out-of-state children that temporarily reside in the institution. Section 1308, 24 P.S. § 13-1308, which details the tuition liability for inmates of children’s homes, provides in [462]*462pertinent part: “If any inmates have been received from outside of Pennsylvania .. . their tuition shall be paid by the institution having the care or custody of said children.” Moreover, Attorney General Opinion No. 69, dated October 11, 1973 interprets 13 P.S. § 13-1308 as follows:

“The institution is responsible for the public education tuition of out-of-state children. Therefore, the institution should make arrangements with the parents for the child’s educational expense before accepting the child.
If the out-of-state parents refuse to pay the institution, the institution must bear the expense.” Pa. Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 46, October 27, 1973 (emphasis added)

We find this interpretation of legislative intent to be both accurate and reasonable. Therefore, it is clear that the Nelson House, having accepted this boy into its program at a fee of $600 per month and having been on statutory notice of its obligation for these educational costs, is responsible for the lad’s tuition under 24 P.S. § 13-1308 of the Pennsylvania Public School Code.

Appellant argues, however, that 24 P.S. § 13-1308 violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which provides that no state shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law.” In support of his equal protection argument, appellant relies upon Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202, 102 S.Ct. 2382, 72 L.Ed.2d 786 (1982). In Plyler, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas statute as violative of equal protection which called for a withholding of funds from local school districts for education of illegal alien children and which authorized the school districts to deny enrollment to such children. Appellant avers that there is no difference between the illegal alien children that are residing in Texas and the child in the instant case that finds himself a legal resident of New Jersey yet residing in a private institution within the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. As appellant’s argument follows, since the Supreme Court in Plyler effectively mandated free public education for illegal aliens in Texas, Pennsylvania must provide the child in this case with a free public education. Therefore, it was improp[463]*463er to charge tuition of the appellant, despite the fact that 24 P.S. § 13-1308 holds such institution liable. However, the rationale of the Plyler decision does not at all lend itself to the case at bar.

In Plyler, the issue was whether Texas could deny educational benefits to a class of persons who found themselves within the boundaries of Texas illegally. The Court in Plyler, after noting that the minor children of illegal aliens could not affect the conduct of their parents in illegally entering this country, held that the Texas statute “imposes a lifetime hardship on a discrete class of children not accountable for their disabling status. The stigma of illiteracy will mark them for the rest of their lives.” At 223, 102 S.Ct. at 2398. Clearly the Plyler Court’s concern was with a state’s treatment of the minor children of illegal aliens and their holding cannot be extended to require Pennsylvania to provide free public education to the minor children of parents from other states, who decide to have their children raised in a private institution in Pennsylvania.

Quite to the contrary, we find that the statutory scheme of free education under the Pennsylvania Public School Code does not invidiously discriminate against out-of-state residents in violation of the equal protection clause.

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Bluebook (online)
457 A.2d 1260, 500 Pa. 458, 1983 Pa. LEXIS 489, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/nelson-v-tuscarora-intermediate-unit-no-11-pa-1983.