Neal v. Warden of USP Lee

• Court: District Court, W.D. Virginia
• Decided: June 30, 2022
• Docket: 7:22-cv-00287
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA ROANOKE DIVISION

PHILLIP LENARD NEAL, ) Petitioner, ) Case No. 7:22-cv-00287 v. ) ) By: Michael F. Urbanski WARDEN, USP LEE,* ) Chief United States District Judge Respondent. )

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Phillip Lenard Neal, a federal inmate proceeding pro se, filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Neal challenges the validity of his federal conviction in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Upon review of the petition, the court concludes that Neal has not satisfied the requirements for proceeding under § 2241. Therefore, the petition must be DISMISSED for lack of jurisdiction. I. BACKGROUND Neal is currently serving a 195-month term of imprisonment for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. See United States v. Neal, No. 3:12-cr-00167 (M.D. Fla. June 25, 2013). In 2015, Neal filed a motion to vacate under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 that was denied with prejudice. See In re Neal, No. 22-10257-C, 2022 U.S. App. LEXIS 2952, at *2 (11th Cir. Feb. 1, 2022) (summarizing Neal’s post-conviction history). In December 2021, Neal filed another motion in the Middle District of Florida that was construed as a second or successive § 2255 motion and dismissed without prejudice for lack of jurisdiction. Id. He subsequently filed a

* The proper respondent to a federal prisoner’s petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 is the prisoner’s immediate custodian. Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 542 U.S. 426, 439 (2004). Accordingly, the court will direct the Clerk to substitute the Warden of USP Lee, where Neal is presently incarcerated, as the respondent. request for authorization to file a second or successive § 2255 motion, which was denied by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on February 1, 2022. Id. at *4. Neal is currently incarcerated at USP Lee in Pennington Gap, Virginia. In his present

petition, Neal claims that the district court in his criminal case violated his Fifth Amendment rights when it made a change to his indictment without resubmitting the indictment to the grand jury. Pet., ECF No. 1, at 1–2. Neal also raises related claims of ineffective assistance of counsel and prosecutorial misconduct. Id. at 2. The petition is accompanied by a summary of the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Norris, 281 U.S. 619 (1930), which Neal cites in support of his claims.

II. DISCUSSION When a prisoner seeks to challenge the validity of a federal conviction or sentence, he ordinarily must file a motion to vacate under § 2255. In re Vial, 115 F.3d 1192, 1194 (4th Cir. 1997). “Nonetheless, § 2255 includes a ‘savings clause’ that preserves the availability of § 2241 relief when § 2255 proves ‘inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of [a prisoner’s] detention.’” Hahn v. Moseley, 931 F.3d 295, 300 (4th Cir. 2019) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e)).

The requirements of the savings clause are jurisdictional. United States v. Wheeler, 886 F.3d 415, 425–426 (4th Cir. 2018). Thus, unless the requirements are met, a district court may not entertain a § 2241 petition that challenges the validity of a federal conviction or sentence. Id. The petitioner bears the burden of demonstrating that he satisfies the savings clause requirements. See, e.g., Hood v. United States, 13 F. App’x 72 (4th Cir. 2001). The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit has crafted a three-part test

for determining when a prisoner can challenge a federal conviction by way of the savings clause. In re Jones, 226 F.3d 328, 333–34 (4th Cir. 2000). Under that test, § 2255 is inadequate and ineffective to test the legality of a conviction when: (1) at the time of conviction, settled law of this circuit or the Supreme Court established the legality of the conviction;

(2) subsequent to the prisoner’s direct appeal and first § 2255 motion, the substantive law changed such that the conduct of which the prisoner was convicted is deemed not to be criminal; and

(3) the prisoner cannot satisfy the gatekeeping provisions of § 2255 because the new rule is not one of constitutional law.

Id. (paragraph breaks added). If any one of these requirements is not satisfied, the court is deprived of jurisdiction and may not entertain the petition. Wheeler, 886 F.3d at 425–26. Neal’s petition does not satisfy the second prong of the test set forth in In re Jones. He does not identify any post-conviction change in the substantive law that renders non- criminal the conduct of which he was convicted. Instead, Neal relies on a case decided more than eighty years before his conviction became final. Because Neal has not shown that the substantive law changed such that the conduct of which he was convicted is no longer criminal, his petition does not satisfy all of the requirements of In re Jones. Accordingly, Neal cannot challenge the validity of his conviction under § 2241. III. CONCLUSION For the reasons stated herein, the court concludes that Neal cannot proceed under § 2241 because his petition fails to meet the requirements to invoke the savings clause of 28 U.S.C. § 2255(e). Therefore, the court DISMISSES Neal’s petition without prejudice for lack of jurisdiction. An appropriate order will be entered herewith. Entered: June 29, 2022 Digitally signed by Michael F. Urbanski Chief U.S. District Dye Judge Date: 2022.06.29 18:36:58 -04'00' Michael F. Urbanski Chief United States District Judge