N.B. v. N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ.
Opinion
16‐3652‐cv N.B., et al. v. N.Y.C. Depʹt of Educ.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURTʹS LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ʺSUMMARY ORDERʺ). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 10th day of October, two thousand seventeen.
PRESENT: DENNY CHIN, CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY,
Circuit Judges,
JANE A. RESTANI,
Judge.*
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐x N.B. and C.B., individually and on behalf of H.B., Plaintiffs‐Appellants,
v. 16‐3652‐cv
NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, Defendant‐Appellee.
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* Jane A. Restani, Judge for the United States Court of International Trade, sitting by designation.
FOR PLAINTIFFS‐APPELLANTS: STEVEN GOLDSTEIN (H. Jeffrey Marcus, on the brief), Law Offices of H. Jeffrey Marcus, P.C., Williamsville, New York.
FOR DEFENDANT‐APPELLEE: DANIEL MATZA‐BROWN (Fay Ng, on the brief), for Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel of the City of New York, New York, New York.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Torres, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Plaintiffs‐appellants N.B. and C.B., the parents of H.B., a child diagnosed with autism (the ʺParentsʺ), appeal a September 30, 2016 judgment of the district court entered pursuant to a September 29, 2016 opinion and order that granted summary judgment in favor of defendant‐appellee the New York City Department of Education (the ʺDepartmentʺ), denying reimbursement for H.B.ʹs private school tuition under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (ʺIDEAʺ), 20 U.S.C. § 1400 et seq. The question presented is whether the Department offered H.B. a ʺfree appropriate public educationʺ (ʺFAPEʺ) through an Individualized Education Program (ʺIEPʺ), as mandated by the IDEA. Id. § 1414(d).
It is undisputed that the IDEA required the Department to provide H.B.
with a FAPE and that pursuant to this obligation it prepared an IEP for the 2012‐13 school year in consultation with its own experts, the Parents, and H.B.ʹs private school
teachers. Unsatisfied with that IEP, the Parents re‐enrolled H.B. in a private school that she had attended the previous year, one that specializes in educating children with autism. The Parents then commenced a state administrative proceeding before an Impartial Hearing Officer (ʺIHOʺ), seeking tuition reimbursement pursuant to 20 U.S.C. § 1412(a)(10)(C).
The IHO held a hearing over four days between December 21, 2012 to April 10, 2013. On January 23, 2015, the IHO found that any procedural defects in developing the IEP were de minimis, but that H.B. was denied a FAPE because the Department had failed to offer the IEP into evidence at the hearing. The IHO nonetheless found that the Parents lacked standing to seek tuition reimbursement because their contract with the private school was illusory.
Both the Department and the Parents appealed the IHOʹs ruling to a State Review Officer (ʺSROʺ). On February 26, 2015, the SRO reversed the IHO, finding that the IEP was properly in evidence and the Parents had standing to seek tuition reimbursement. As to the merits of the dispute, the SRO determined that the IEP was sufficient and offered H.B. a FAPE. The SRO concluded, inter alia, that (1) none of the procedural defects the Parents identified had impeded their ability to participate in developing the IEP, (2) based on the information available at the time it was developed, the IEP adequately reflected H.B.ʹs levels of performance, her sensory needs, and the fact of her food allergies, (3) the IEP contained sufficient annual goals, (4) the proposed
classroom student to educator ratio was reasonable and could implement the IEP, and (5) the Parentʹs rejection of the assigned school site was based on impermissible speculation about the schoolʹs ability to implement the IEP. The SRO therefore concluded that the Department had offered H.B. a FAPE for the 2012‐13 school year and no tuition reimbursement was required.
On June 24, 2015, the Parents filed a complaint in the district court, alleging that H.B. was denied a FAPE. The parties filed motions for summary judgment in December 2015 and January 2016. On September 29, 2016, the district court granted summary judgment in favor of the Department. The Parents timely appealed.
We review the district courtʹs grant of summary judgment de novo.
Hardison v. Bd. of Educ. of the Oneonta City Sch. Dist., 773 F.3d 372, 385 (2d Cir. 2014). In reviewing the state administrative proceeding under the IDEA, however, we ʺengage in an independent, but circumscribed, review, ʹmore critical than clear‐error review but well short of complete de novo review.ʹʺ T.K. v. N.Y. C. Depʹt of Educ., 810 F.3d 869, 875 (2d Cir. 2016) (quoting C.F. ex rel R.F. v. N.Y.C. Depʹt of Educ., 746 F.3d 68, 77 (2d Cir. 2014)). Factual issues are decided based on the preponderance of the evidence, but state administrative proceedings must be given ʺdue weight.ʺ Bd. of Educ. of Hendrick Hudson Cent. Sch. Dist., Westchester Cty. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, 206 (1982); see also 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(C)(iii). Reviewing courts ʺmay not ʹsubstitute their own notions of sound educational policy for those of the school authorities which they review.ʹʺ T.Y. ex rel.
T.Y. v. N.Y.C. Depʹt of Educ., 584 F.3d 412, 417 (2d Cir. 2009) (quoting Rowley, 458 U.S. at 206). When as here, ʺan IHO and SRO reach conflicting conclusions, ʹ[w]e defer to the final decision of the state authorities,ʹ that is, the SROʹs decision.ʺ R.E. v. N.Y.C. Depʹt of Educ., 694 F.3d 167, 189 (2d Cir. 2012) (alteration in original) (quoting A.C. ex rel. M.C. v. Bd. of Educ. of the Chappaqua Cent. Sch. Dist., 553 F.3d 165, 171 (2d Cir. 2009)). Indeed, ʺa court must defer to the SROʹs decision on matters requiring educational expertise unless it concludes that the decision was inadequately reasoned, in which case a better‐ reasoned IHO opinion may be considered instead.ʺ Id.; accord M.H. v. N.Y.C. Depʹt of Educ., 685 F.3d 217, 246 (2d Cir. 2012) (noting that it is appropriate to consider an IHOʹs decision ʺwhere the SRO rejects a more thorough and carefully considered decision of an IHOʺ). When seeking to overturn an SROʹs decision, the Parents bear the burden of demonstrating that the decision was insufficiently reasoned or supported. M.H., 685 F.3d at 225 n.3.
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