Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Lutnick

774 F. Supp. 3d 1348, 2025 CIT 29
CourtUnited States Court of International Trade
DecidedMarch 25, 2025
Docket24-00148
StatusPublished

This text of 774 F. Supp. 3d 1348 (Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Lutnick) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of International Trade primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Lutnick, 774 F. Supp. 3d 1348, 2025 CIT 29 (cit 2025).

Opinion

Slip Op. 25-

UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL, INC.; CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; and ANIMAL WELFARE INSTITUTE,

Plaintiffs,

v.

HOWARD LUTNICK, in his official capacity as Secretary of Commerce; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE; EMILY MENASHES, in Before: Judge Gary S. Katzmann her official capacity as Acting Assistant Court No. 24-00148 Administrator of the National Marine Fisheries Service; NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE; SCOTT BESSENT, in his official capacity as Secretary of the Treasury; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY; KRISTI NOEM, in her official capacity as Secretary of Homeland Security; and UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY,

Defendants.

OPINION AND ORDER

[ The parties’ Motion to Construe their Joint Submission as a Motion to Correct under USCIT Rule 60(a) is granted. The parties’ Stipulation and Proposed Order of Voluntary Dismissal with Prejudice was filed under USCIT Rule 41(a)(1)(A)(ii). The proposed Order is issued, and the case is dismissed. In accordance with the parties’ Stipulation, the court retains jurisdiction to oversee compliance with the non-monetary terms of the parties’ Stipulated Settlement Agreement and to resolve any motions to modify such terms. ] Dated: March 25, 2025

Marissa C. Grenon Gutierrez, Anderson & Kreiger LLP, of Boston, MA, for Plaintiffs Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.; Center for Biological Diversity, and Animal Welfare Institute. With her on the briefs were Christina S. Marshall, Mina S. Makarious, Sean M. Grammel, Court No. 24-00148 Page 2

Anderson & Kreiger LLP, of Boston, MA; Sarah Uhlemann, Center for Biological Diversity, of Olympia, WA; and Stephen Zak Smith, Natural Resources Defense Council, of Bozeman, MT.

Stephen C. Tosini, Senior Trial Counsel, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, D.C., for Defendants Howard Lutnick, in his official capacity as Secretary Of Commerce; United States Department of Commerce; Emily Menashes, in her official capacity as Acting Assistant Administrator of The National Marine Fisheries Service; National Marine Fisheries Service; Scott Bessent, in his official capacity as Secretary of The Treasury; United States Department of The Treasury, Kristi Noem, in her official capacity as Secretary of Homeland Security, and United States Department of Homeland Security. 1

Katzmann, Judge: In 1972, Congress enacted the Marine Mammal Protection Act

(“MMPA”), Pub. L. No. 92-522, 86 Stat. 1027 (codified as amended at 16 U.S.C. § 1361 et seq.),

to protect marine mammal species that “are, or may be, in danger of extinction or depletion as a

result of man’s activities” from “diminish[ing] below their optimum sustainable population.” Id.

§ 1361(1)–(2). In recent years, the MMPA has been the basis for litigation and adjudication in this

court for actions involving the vaquita, the world’s smallest porpoise on the verge of extinction,

see Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc. v. Ross, 44 CIT __, 456 F. Supp. 3d 1292 (2020) (and opinions

noted therein); see also Ctr. for Bio. Diversity v. Haaland, 47 CIT __, 639 F. Supp. 3d 1355, 1363

(2023), and the MƗui dolphin, one of the world’s smallest dolphins also on the verge of extinction,

see Sea Shepherd N. Z. v. United States, 48 CIT __, 723 F. Supp. 3d 1374 (2024) (and opinions

noted therein).

Although invoked in recent litigation, the MMPA’s import provisions have yet to be fully

implemented since its 1972 enactment. In response to petitions for the implementation of the

MMPA’s import provisions, the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS”) 2 published a final

1 Per USCIT Rule 25(d), named officials have been substituted to reflect the current officeholders. 2 The National Marine Fisheries Service is a federal agency housed within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), which is in turn a federal agency within the Department of Commerce. See NOAA Fisheries, https://www.usa.gov/agencies/noaa-fisheries (last visited Mar. 20, 2025). Court No. 24-00148 Page 3

rule in 2016 aiming to protect marine mammals abroad and level the playing field for U.S.

fishermen. See Fish & Fish Prod. Imp. Provisions of the Marine Mammal Prot. Act, 81 Fed. Reg.

54390 (NMFS Aug. 15, 2016) (“Final Import Rule”); 50 C.F.R. § 216.24 (2022). The Final Import

Rule included a “one-time only” five-year exemption period that has since been extended an

additional four years. See id.; Modification of Deadlines Under the Fish & Fish Prod. Imp.

Provisions of the Marine Mammal Prot. Act, 85 Fed. Reg. 69515 (NMFS Nov. 3, 2020) (“First

Modification of Deadlines”); Modification of Deadlines Under the Fish & Fish Prod. Imp.

Provisions of the Marine Mammal Prot. Act, 87 Fed. Reg. 63955 (NMFS Oct. 21, 2022) (“Second

Modification of Deadlines”); Modification of Deadlines Under the Fish and Fish Prod. Imp.

Provisions of the Marine Mammal Prot. Act, 88 Fed. Reg. 80193 (Nov. 17, 2023) (“Third

Modification of Deadlines”).

On August 8, 2024, Natural Resource Defense Council, Inc., Center for Biological

Diversity, and Animal Welfare Institute (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) 3 alleged in a complaint before

this court that the United States government has failed to implement the import provisions of the

MMPA. Compl. ¶ 77. Plaintiffs requested that the court require Defendants (designated United

States Departments, constituent agency and respective officials) to implement those import

provisions and declare that Defendants violated the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) by

failing to provide notice and a period for comment in extending the exemption period. Id. at 52–

53.

The parties have since reached a settlement agreement and now seek to dismiss this case.

3 All three Plaintiffs assert that they are not-for-profit organizations whose members have a strong interest in protecting marine mammals and marine life. See Compl. ¶¶ 22–23, 25–26, 28–29, Aug. 8, 2024, ECF No. 1. At this procedural stage, the court is satisfied that these assertions meet the requirements for standing. See Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560 (1992) (requiring (1) an injury in fact that is (2) traceable to the challenged action and (3) not merely speculative to establish standing). Court No. 24-00148 Page 4

They filed a joint Stipulation of Dismissal under USCIT Rule 41(a)(1)(A)(ii) on January 16, 2025.

See Stipulation of Dismissal, Jan. 16, 2025, ECF No. 29. On February 7, 2025, the parties jointly

moved to correct the clerical omission of a “so-ordered” line for the court’s signature from the

Stipulation of Dismissal. See Joint Resp. to Ct.’s Req., Feb. 7, 2025, ECF No. 37. The parties’

motion to correct is granted and the case is accordingly dismissed by operation of the parties’

filings. In accordance with the Stipulation of Dismissal and the intent of the parties, the court

retains jurisdiction to oversee compliance with the non-monetary terms of the parties’ Stipulated

Settlement Agreement and to resolve any motions to modify such terms. See Kokkonen v.

Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am.,

Related

Bender v. Williamsport Area School District
475 U.S. 534 (Supreme Court, 1986)
Willy v. Coastal Corp.
503 U.S. 131 (Supreme Court, 1992)
Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
504 U.S. 555 (Supreme Court, 1992)
Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Insurance Co. of America
511 U.S. 375 (Supreme Court, 1994)
Smallbizpros, Inc. v. MacDonald
618 F.3d 458 (Fifth Circuit, 2010)
Ntn Corp. v. United States
587 F. Supp. 2d 1313 (Court of International Trade, 2008)
Versata Software, Inc. v. Callidus Software, Inc.
780 F.3d 1134 (Federal Circuit, 2015)
Sea Shepherd New Zealand v. United States
723 F. Supp. 3d 1374 (Court of International Trade, 2024)

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