USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 1 of 9
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 22-10067 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________
NATIONWIDE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, A foreign corporation, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus DIANE WOLFE, JOHN WOLFE, DAWN WOLFE, As co-personal representatives of the Estate of MICHAEL WOLFE, Deceased.
Defendants-Appellants,
___________________ USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 2 of 9
2 Opinion of the Court 22-10067
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 6:19-cv-01444-CEM-GJK ____________________
Before ROSENBAUM, JILL PRYOR and DUBINA, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: This appeal is from certain rulings in the district court from a declaratory judgment action filed by Nationwide Insurance Com- pany (“Nationwide”) regarding a Commercial General Liability In- surance Policy (“Policy”) issued by Nationwide to Southland Lawn Care, Inc. and its owner, Anthony Acquafredda, the insureds (“the insureds”) under the Policy. The case relates to an underlying state court wrongful death action filed by Diana, John, and Dawn Wolfe (“the Wolfes”) on behalf of decedent, Michael Wolfe (“decedent”). After commencement of the underlying state action, Nationwide filed this suit against the insureds and the Wolfes seeking a declara- tion as to whether it had a duty to defend or indemnify the insureds in the underlying state action. Nationwide filed a motion for sum- mary judgment that the district court granted as to the insureds and the Wolfes, but only the Wolfes filed a notice of appeal. The Wolfes argue on appeal that the district court erred by denying their motion to strike and motion in limine, and that the district court erred by finding that Nationwide did not have a duty to de- fend or indemnify the insureds under the Policy. Having read the parties’ briefs and reviewed the record, we affirm the district USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 3 of 9
22-10067 Opinion of the Court 3
court’s order on the motion to strike and motion in limine and the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Nationwide on its declaratory judgment action. I.
We review the district court’s evidentiary rulings for an abuse of discretion. See Kropilak v. 21st Century Ins. Co., 806 F.3d 1062, 1067 (11th Cir. 2015) (motion in limine). We review an order granting summary judgment de novo, applying the same legal standards as the district court. Amy v. Carnival Corp., 961 F.3d 1303, 1308 (11th Cir. 2020). We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant and draw all reasonable inferences in his favor. Haves v. City of Miami, 52 F.3d 918, 921 (11th Cir. 1995). “Summary judgment is appropriate if the evidence before the court shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” McCullough v. Antolini, 559 F.3d 1201, 1204 (11th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).
II. With respect to the underlying state court wrongful death action, the pertinent facts are provided in the Second Amended Complaint in that action. The complaint states that on September 28, 2015, the decedent was operating a truck and trailer in Mel- bourne, Brevard County, Florida, when the trailer became unat- tached from the truck, or otherwise inoperable, in the middle of the roadway in the pre-dawn hours of the morning. The truck and USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 4 of 9
4 Opinion of the Court 22-10067
trailer were in the roadway while the decedent tried to reattach the trailer to the truck so it could be removed from the roadway. An- other individual assisted the decedent with reattaching the trailer and or directing traffic; however, at 6:50 a.m., a vehicle struck the trailer, pinning the decedent between the trailer and truck, causing his death. The decedent worked for the insured at the time of the acci- dent, and the vehicle and trailer he was operating were owned by the insured. The insured had a Policy with Nationwide that was in effect at the time of the incident. After the Wolfes filed the wrong- ful death action in state court, Nationwide sought, in federal court, a declaration as to its duties under the Policy. Nationwide asserted that two policy exclusions applied that released it from any duty to defend or indemnify: the Employers Liability Exclusion and the Aircraft, Auto or Watercraft Exclusion. The district court found that the Auto Exclusion applied and granted summary judgment to Nationwide. The Wolfes challenge that ruling on appeal.
III. A. Motions The Wolfes assert that the district court abused its discretion by denying their motion to strike due to Nationwide’s failure to provide the proper Rule 26 disclosures under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Wolfes assert that Nationwide violated Rule 26 by not disclosing, in part, its Request for Admissions, including the responses by the insureds, the Wolfes’ Second Amended USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 5 of 9
22-10067 Opinion of the Court 5
Complaint in the underlying action, the Policy at issue, and a finan- cial report from Southland. A review of the record indicates that the district court did not abuse its discretion in this regard because the discovery requests and responses were not subject to disclosure under Rule 26. Further, the record demonstrates that the district court did not rely on the Requests for Admission in granting summary judg- ment to Nationwide, finding that the allegations in the underlying complaint controlled. To the extent the Second Amended Com- plaint in the underlying litigation was subject to Rule 26, it was filed by a lawyer in the same office as the lawyer who represents the Wolfes in the instant case; thus, the Wolfes had access to it. It was also attached as an exhibit to the Second Amended Petition for De- claratory Relief and Decree, which was served on the Wolfes. As- suming the Policy was subject to disclosure, the insurance policy was attached as an exhibit to the Second Amended Petition for De- claratory Relief and Decree, which was served on the Wolfes months before Nationwide filed its Motion for Summary Judg- ment. In sum, we conclude the Wolfes cannot demonstrate any abuse of discretion by the district court in its ruling nor can they demonstrate any prejudice; thus, we affirm the district court’s or- der on the motion to strike. The Wolfes also assert that the district court abused its dis- cretion by denying their motion in limine to bar the use of the ac- cident report that Nationwide used in support of its motion for summary judgment. The record demonstrates, however, that USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 6 of 9
6 Opinion of the Court 22-10067
Nationwide did not use the accident report in their motion for sum- mary judgment. The accident report was attached to all three Re- quests for Admissions as a definitional aide. Further, the district court apparently did not rely on the accident report in its ruling on the motion for summary judgment because there is no mention of the report in its order.
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USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 1 of 9
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 22-10067 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________
NATIONWIDE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, A foreign corporation, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus DIANE WOLFE, JOHN WOLFE, DAWN WOLFE, As co-personal representatives of the Estate of MICHAEL WOLFE, Deceased.
Defendants-Appellants,
___________________ USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 2 of 9
2 Opinion of the Court 22-10067
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 6:19-cv-01444-CEM-GJK ____________________
Before ROSENBAUM, JILL PRYOR and DUBINA, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: This appeal is from certain rulings in the district court from a declaratory judgment action filed by Nationwide Insurance Com- pany (“Nationwide”) regarding a Commercial General Liability In- surance Policy (“Policy”) issued by Nationwide to Southland Lawn Care, Inc. and its owner, Anthony Acquafredda, the insureds (“the insureds”) under the Policy. The case relates to an underlying state court wrongful death action filed by Diana, John, and Dawn Wolfe (“the Wolfes”) on behalf of decedent, Michael Wolfe (“decedent”). After commencement of the underlying state action, Nationwide filed this suit against the insureds and the Wolfes seeking a declara- tion as to whether it had a duty to defend or indemnify the insureds in the underlying state action. Nationwide filed a motion for sum- mary judgment that the district court granted as to the insureds and the Wolfes, but only the Wolfes filed a notice of appeal. The Wolfes argue on appeal that the district court erred by denying their motion to strike and motion in limine, and that the district court erred by finding that Nationwide did not have a duty to de- fend or indemnify the insureds under the Policy. Having read the parties’ briefs and reviewed the record, we affirm the district USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 3 of 9
22-10067 Opinion of the Court 3
court’s order on the motion to strike and motion in limine and the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Nationwide on its declaratory judgment action. I.
We review the district court’s evidentiary rulings for an abuse of discretion. See Kropilak v. 21st Century Ins. Co., 806 F.3d 1062, 1067 (11th Cir. 2015) (motion in limine). We review an order granting summary judgment de novo, applying the same legal standards as the district court. Amy v. Carnival Corp., 961 F.3d 1303, 1308 (11th Cir. 2020). We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant and draw all reasonable inferences in his favor. Haves v. City of Miami, 52 F.3d 918, 921 (11th Cir. 1995). “Summary judgment is appropriate if the evidence before the court shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” McCullough v. Antolini, 559 F.3d 1201, 1204 (11th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).
II. With respect to the underlying state court wrongful death action, the pertinent facts are provided in the Second Amended Complaint in that action. The complaint states that on September 28, 2015, the decedent was operating a truck and trailer in Mel- bourne, Brevard County, Florida, when the trailer became unat- tached from the truck, or otherwise inoperable, in the middle of the roadway in the pre-dawn hours of the morning. The truck and USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 4 of 9
4 Opinion of the Court 22-10067
trailer were in the roadway while the decedent tried to reattach the trailer to the truck so it could be removed from the roadway. An- other individual assisted the decedent with reattaching the trailer and or directing traffic; however, at 6:50 a.m., a vehicle struck the trailer, pinning the decedent between the trailer and truck, causing his death. The decedent worked for the insured at the time of the acci- dent, and the vehicle and trailer he was operating were owned by the insured. The insured had a Policy with Nationwide that was in effect at the time of the incident. After the Wolfes filed the wrong- ful death action in state court, Nationwide sought, in federal court, a declaration as to its duties under the Policy. Nationwide asserted that two policy exclusions applied that released it from any duty to defend or indemnify: the Employers Liability Exclusion and the Aircraft, Auto or Watercraft Exclusion. The district court found that the Auto Exclusion applied and granted summary judgment to Nationwide. The Wolfes challenge that ruling on appeal.
III. A. Motions The Wolfes assert that the district court abused its discretion by denying their motion to strike due to Nationwide’s failure to provide the proper Rule 26 disclosures under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Wolfes assert that Nationwide violated Rule 26 by not disclosing, in part, its Request for Admissions, including the responses by the insureds, the Wolfes’ Second Amended USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 5 of 9
22-10067 Opinion of the Court 5
Complaint in the underlying action, the Policy at issue, and a finan- cial report from Southland. A review of the record indicates that the district court did not abuse its discretion in this regard because the discovery requests and responses were not subject to disclosure under Rule 26. Further, the record demonstrates that the district court did not rely on the Requests for Admission in granting summary judg- ment to Nationwide, finding that the allegations in the underlying complaint controlled. To the extent the Second Amended Com- plaint in the underlying litigation was subject to Rule 26, it was filed by a lawyer in the same office as the lawyer who represents the Wolfes in the instant case; thus, the Wolfes had access to it. It was also attached as an exhibit to the Second Amended Petition for De- claratory Relief and Decree, which was served on the Wolfes. As- suming the Policy was subject to disclosure, the insurance policy was attached as an exhibit to the Second Amended Petition for De- claratory Relief and Decree, which was served on the Wolfes months before Nationwide filed its Motion for Summary Judg- ment. In sum, we conclude the Wolfes cannot demonstrate any abuse of discretion by the district court in its ruling nor can they demonstrate any prejudice; thus, we affirm the district court’s or- der on the motion to strike. The Wolfes also assert that the district court abused its dis- cretion by denying their motion in limine to bar the use of the ac- cident report that Nationwide used in support of its motion for summary judgment. The record demonstrates, however, that USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 6 of 9
6 Opinion of the Court 22-10067
Nationwide did not use the accident report in their motion for sum- mary judgment. The accident report was attached to all three Re- quests for Admissions as a definitional aide. Further, the district court apparently did not rely on the accident report in its ruling on the motion for summary judgment because there is no mention of the report in its order. Because the Wolfes cannot demonstrate any abuse of discretion by the district court in this regard, we affirm its order on the motion in limine. B. Summary Judgment The Wolfes contend that the district court erred in granting Nationwide’s motion for summary judgment because it misapplied the law and facts in the light most favorable to Nationwide to find that the auto exclusion in the Policy applies to release Nationwide from its duty to defend and indemnify. The Wolfes argue that the district court erred by not finding that the trailer that detached from the decedent’s vehicle was “mobile equipment” that is not included under the Policy’s definition of auto. The record demon- strates that the Wolfes did not present sufficient evidence to the district court to prove that the trailer was exempt from the Policy’s auto exclusion. Thus, we conclude that the district court did not err in granting summary judgment to Nationwide. The pertinent Policy provision provides, in part: g. Aircraft, Auto Or Watercraft
“Bodily injury” or “property damage” arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use or entrustment to USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 7 of 9
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others of any aircraft, “auto” or watercraft owned or operated by or rented or loaned to any insured. Use includes operation and “loading or unloading”.
This exclusion applies even if the claims against any insured allege negligence or other wrongdoing in the supervision, hiring, employment, training or moni- toring of others by that insured, if the “occurrence” which caused the “bodily injury” or “property dam- age” involved the ownership, maintenance, use or en- trustment to others of any aircraft, “auto” or water- craft that is owned or operated by or rented or loaned to any insured.
(R. Doc. 45-5).
The district court noted that the definition of “auto” in- cludes “[a] land motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer designed for travel on public roads, including any attached machinery or equip- ment.” (emphasis added). It also found that the Policy stated that “‘Use” includes operation and loading or unloading. (R. Doc. 79). The district court found it undisputed that the decedent’s death was a bodily injury. It then proceeded to determine if his death arose out of the ownership, maintenance, use or entrustment to others of any “auto” owned, operated by, or rented to or loaned to any insured. The district court concluded that it did. The district court’s reasoning is sound under Taurus Hold- ings, Inc. v. U.S. Fid. And Guar. Co., 913 So. 2d 528, 539 (Fla. 2005). (holding that the term “arising out of” is not ambiguous and should USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 8 of 9
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be interpreted broadly). The district court considered the term broadly and reasoned that the decedent’s death had a connection to his attempts to reconnect the trailer because those attempts are what placed him between the trailer and the truck when the vehicle struck the trailer. The Wolfes contend that the district court did not follow Frontier Ins. Co. v. Pinecrest Preparatory Sch. Inc., 658 So. 2d 601, 602-03 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995), but that case is not factually applicable. Frontier did not involve a trailer used com- mercially on the roadway; rather, it involved a trailer used as a play- ground tram for youth campers that stayed on the insured’s prem- ises. Id. at 603. The court found that the trailer was “mobile equip- ment” under the policy because it stayed on the insured’s premises. Id. The Wolfes offer no persuasive legal authority to support reversal of the coverage determination made by the district court. The trailer involved here was expressly defined in the Policy as an “auto” and, considering the factual circumstances pled in the un- derlying complaint, the trailer clearly did not fall within the policy definition of “mobile equipment” as urged by the Wolfes. The dis- trict court properly utilized facts pled in the complaint in the un- derlying litigation and the language of the Nationwide Policy to conclude, as a matter of law, that Nationwide owed no duty to de- fend its insureds in the underlying litigation or to indemnify its in- sureds for the Wolfes’ wrongful death action. Accordingly, based on the aforementioned reasons, we af- firm the district court’s orders on the motion to strike and motion USCA11 Case: 22-10067 Document: 50-1 Date Filed: 03/15/2023 Page: 9 of 9
22-10067 Opinion of the Court 9
in limine and affirm its order granting summary judgment to Na- tionwide on its declaratory judgment action. AFFIRMED.