Buchanan, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
This suit was instituted by the appellants, Fullen Hash and William Hash, for the partition of a tract of land containing 8,525 acres, known as the Hash and Hendrick’s grant, in which they claimed they were the owners in fee of an one-eighth interest each.
[16]*16Their right to have partition was denied by the appellees, the defendants in the trial court, upon the following grounds:
1st. That the conveyance by which the complainants claimed to derive title from tiieir father, Samuel 11. Plash, was never delivered, and, therefore, they acquired no rights under it and never had any interest in the land.
2nd.' That if the deed, ever was delivered, the defendants were bona fide purchasers for valne without notice.
3rd. That they were estopped by their conduct from asserting title to the land claimed as against the defendants.
4th. That they had been guilty of laches in asserting their claim.
5th. That they had lost their title to the land, if they ever had title, by the adversary possession of the defendants; and
6th. That Pullen Hash, one of the appellants, had reconveyed any interest which he may have had in the land to his father prior to the latter’s sale and conveyance to the parties under whom the defendants claim.
In the view we take of the case, it is unnecessary to consider any of the said grounds of defense except the third and sixth, which were sustained by the trial court.
The first question we shall consider is whether or not Pullen Hash had, prior to the institution of this suit, parted with all interest which he may have had at any time in the Hash and Hendricks grant. If he had, it will be unnecessary to consider the question of estoppel, so far as he is concerned.
It appears that on the 8th day of June, 1869, Samuel II. Hash signed and acknowledged a deed, by which he conveyed, if the deed was delivered, his entire interest, being one-half, in the Hash and Hendricks grant to four of his children, among whom were the appellants, in consideration of natural love and affection. On the 24th day of July, 1883, Pullen Hash signed and acknowledged a deed, by which, if delivered, he reconveyed, in consideration of love and affection the interest which he had acquired from his father by the deed of June 8, [17]*171869. On the 5th day of May, 1888', Samuel H. Hash, the father, executed, acknowledged and delivered a deed to Simmons, Stratton and Grill iam, under whom the appellees claim, conveying or attempting to convey to them an undivided one-half interest in the Hash and Hendricks grant of 8,525 acres. Among the title papers delivered to his grantees was the deed of Pullen Hash to him of July 24, 1883.
When Pullen Hash testified in this case, he stated that die deed of July 24, 1883, which was filed as an exhibit with the answer of one of the defendants, was executed by him when he was contemplating going to the State of Missouri, and placed in the hands of Capt. Ií. H. Dickenson, clerk of the County Court of Russell county, as an escrow, to be delivered tc the witness’ father in the event tlie latter sold the Hash half of the Hash and Hendricks grant and the witness’ share of the proceeds of the sale was sent to him by Capt. Dickenson; that as no sale was then made by his father, the conditions upon which the deed was to be delivered never happened, there never was a delivery of it, and his interest in the land did not, therefore, pass by it.
In the year 1886, there was pending in the Circuit Court for Russell county a suit under the style of Hendricks and others v. Kernan and others, in which it was sought, among other things, to have a partition of the Hash and Hendricks’ grant. In that suit one Whitley Thomas filed his petition,-claiming that he was the owner of an interest in that grant, purchased from Elizabeth Dye, a daughter of Samuel H. Hash, to whom it had been conveyed by her father by the said deed of June 8, 1869. In the controversy which grew out of the filing of that petition, Samuel IT. Hash denied that the deed of June 8, 1869, had ever been delivered. His own deposition and the depositions of the appellants were taken by him in that case to prove that fact.
Pullen Hash testified, among other things, that although the deed of June 8, 1869, had never been delivered, his father, who wished to sell the Hash half of the Hash and Hendricks’ grant, [18]*18thought that that deed might interfere with the sale which he wished to make, and asked the witness, who was thinking of going to the State of Missouri, to reconvey to his father the interest which that deed purported to pass to the witness, and that he did so. In that deposition Pullen Hash does not pretend that the deed was placed in the hands of Capt. Dickenson as an escrow, to be delivered in the event his father sold the land and sent him through Capt. Dickenson his share of the proceeds of sale; but it is clear from his testimony in that case that he did not claim that he took any interest in the land under the deed of June 8, 1869, because it had never been delivered, but that in order to obviate any difficulty which his father might have in selling the land on account of that deed, he had made the reconveyance of July 24, 1883.
Pullen Hash’s depositions in that case and in this upon the execution and delivery of that conveyance are utterly irreconcilable. His conduct, subsequent to the execution of that deed and until shortly before the institution of this suit, more than twenty years afterwards, is in harmony with his first deposition, taken only three years' after the deed of July 24, 1883, was executed—that he never had any interest in the land, and, if he had, he had parted with it by that deed.
By some means, whether properly or not, the deed of June 8, 1869, had been recorded in the clerk’s office of the County Court of Buchanan county. The records of that office were partially destroyed by fire- in the year 1882, and entirely destroyed'by fire in the year 1886, yet Pullen Hash, who now claims an on’e-eiglrth in a tract of more than eight thousand acres of land, did not have a copy of that deed put on record in that office, as he had the right to do, until the year 1906; never paid any attention to the land, or exercised any acts of ownership over it, or paid any taxes thereon, at least after the date of the deed of July 24, 1883.
There is evidence tending strongly to prove that Fullen Hash was present aiding’ his father when the latter made sale of the [19]*19Hash half of the Hash and Hendricks’ grant to the parties under whom the appellees claim.
The conduct of Pullen Hash, after the execution of the deed of July 21, 1883, until a short time before the institution of this suit, cannot be explained or accounted for upon any other theory, than that by that conveyance he intended to convey and did convey to his father any and all interest he may at that time have had in the land. When to this is added his sworn statement, made three years afterwards, that said deed was executed for that purpose, there can be no reasonable doubt that that deed was delivered to his father, and that he has no interest in the land sought to be partitioned.
It is claimed that his deposition, taken in the case of Hendricks, &c. v. Kernan, &c., was not admissible evidence; but this contention is without merit.
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Buchanan, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
This suit was instituted by the appellants, Fullen Hash and William Hash, for the partition of a tract of land containing 8,525 acres, known as the Hash and Hendrick’s grant, in which they claimed they were the owners in fee of an one-eighth interest each.
[16]*16Their right to have partition was denied by the appellees, the defendants in the trial court, upon the following grounds:
1st. That the conveyance by which the complainants claimed to derive title from tiieir father, Samuel 11. Plash, was never delivered, and, therefore, they acquired no rights under it and never had any interest in the land.
2nd.' That if the deed, ever was delivered, the defendants were bona fide purchasers for valne without notice.
3rd. That they were estopped by their conduct from asserting title to the land claimed as against the defendants.
4th. That they had been guilty of laches in asserting their claim.
5th. That they had lost their title to the land, if they ever had title, by the adversary possession of the defendants; and
6th. That Pullen Hash, one of the appellants, had reconveyed any interest which he may have had in the land to his father prior to the latter’s sale and conveyance to the parties under whom the defendants claim.
In the view we take of the case, it is unnecessary to consider any of the said grounds of defense except the third and sixth, which were sustained by the trial court.
The first question we shall consider is whether or not Pullen Hash had, prior to the institution of this suit, parted with all interest which he may have had at any time in the Hash and Hendricks grant. If he had, it will be unnecessary to consider the question of estoppel, so far as he is concerned.
It appears that on the 8th day of June, 1869, Samuel II. Hash signed and acknowledged a deed, by which he conveyed, if the deed was delivered, his entire interest, being one-half, in the Hash and Hendricks grant to four of his children, among whom were the appellants, in consideration of natural love and affection. On the 24th day of July, 1883, Pullen Hash signed and acknowledged a deed, by which, if delivered, he reconveyed, in consideration of love and affection the interest which he had acquired from his father by the deed of June 8, [17]*171869. On the 5th day of May, 1888', Samuel H. Hash, the father, executed, acknowledged and delivered a deed to Simmons, Stratton and Grill iam, under whom the appellees claim, conveying or attempting to convey to them an undivided one-half interest in the Hash and Hendricks grant of 8,525 acres. Among the title papers delivered to his grantees was the deed of Pullen Hash to him of July 24, 1883.
When Pullen Hash testified in this case, he stated that die deed of July 24, 1883, which was filed as an exhibit with the answer of one of the defendants, was executed by him when he was contemplating going to the State of Missouri, and placed in the hands of Capt. Ií. H. Dickenson, clerk of the County Court of Russell county, as an escrow, to be delivered tc the witness’ father in the event tlie latter sold the Hash half of the Hash and Hendricks grant and the witness’ share of the proceeds of the sale was sent to him by Capt. Dickenson; that as no sale was then made by his father, the conditions upon which the deed was to be delivered never happened, there never was a delivery of it, and his interest in the land did not, therefore, pass by it.
In the year 1886, there was pending in the Circuit Court for Russell county a suit under the style of Hendricks and others v. Kernan and others, in which it was sought, among other things, to have a partition of the Hash and Hendricks’ grant. In that suit one Whitley Thomas filed his petition,-claiming that he was the owner of an interest in that grant, purchased from Elizabeth Dye, a daughter of Samuel H. Hash, to whom it had been conveyed by her father by the said deed of June 8, 1869. In the controversy which grew out of the filing of that petition, Samuel IT. Hash denied that the deed of June 8, 1869, had ever been delivered. His own deposition and the depositions of the appellants were taken by him in that case to prove that fact.
Pullen Hash testified, among other things, that although the deed of June 8, 1869, had never been delivered, his father, who wished to sell the Hash half of the Hash and Hendricks’ grant, [18]*18thought that that deed might interfere with the sale which he wished to make, and asked the witness, who was thinking of going to the State of Missouri, to reconvey to his father the interest which that deed purported to pass to the witness, and that he did so. In that deposition Pullen Hash does not pretend that the deed was placed in the hands of Capt. Dickenson as an escrow, to be delivered in the event his father sold the land and sent him through Capt. Dickenson his share of the proceeds of sale; but it is clear from his testimony in that case that he did not claim that he took any interest in the land under the deed of June 8, 1869, because it had never been delivered, but that in order to obviate any difficulty which his father might have in selling the land on account of that deed, he had made the reconveyance of July 24, 1883.
Pullen Hash’s depositions in that case and in this upon the execution and delivery of that conveyance are utterly irreconcilable. His conduct, subsequent to the execution of that deed and until shortly before the institution of this suit, more than twenty years afterwards, is in harmony with his first deposition, taken only three years' after the deed of July 24, 1883, was executed—that he never had any interest in the land, and, if he had, he had parted with it by that deed.
By some means, whether properly or not, the deed of June 8, 1869, had been recorded in the clerk’s office of the County Court of Buchanan county. The records of that office were partially destroyed by fire- in the year 1882, and entirely destroyed'by fire in the year 1886, yet Pullen Hash, who now claims an on’e-eiglrth in a tract of more than eight thousand acres of land, did not have a copy of that deed put on record in that office, as he had the right to do, until the year 1906; never paid any attention to the land, or exercised any acts of ownership over it, or paid any taxes thereon, at least after the date of the deed of July 24, 1883.
There is evidence tending strongly to prove that Fullen Hash was present aiding’ his father when the latter made sale of the [19]*19Hash half of the Hash and Hendricks’ grant to the parties under whom the appellees claim.
The conduct of Pullen Hash, after the execution of the deed of July 21, 1883, until a short time before the institution of this suit, cannot be explained or accounted for upon any other theory, than that by that conveyance he intended to convey and did convey to his father any and all interest he may at that time have had in the land. When to this is added his sworn statement, made three years afterwards, that said deed was executed for that purpose, there can be no reasonable doubt that that deed was delivered to his father, and that he has no interest in the land sought to be partitioned.
It is claimed that his deposition, taken in the case of Hendricks, &c. v. Kernan, &c., was not admissible evidence; but this contention is without merit. His statement in that deposition was an admission against his interest, and upon that ground was clearly admissible. It was also admissible for the purpose of discrediting him as a witness in this case, in which he had testified differently as to the delivery of the deed of July 24, 1883.
The remaining question to be considered is whether or not the appellant, William Hash, is estopped by his conduct from asserting title to the land in controversy. This defense the appellants insist cannot he relied on, because not put in issue by the pleadings.
While the allegations in the answers of the defendants, intended to raise this question, might have been more direct and specific, the facts alleged in the answers are sufficient and sufficiently pleaded to make out a case of estoppel, if satisfactorily proved.
Simmons, one of the vendees in the deed of May f>, 1888, testified positively that William Hash was present, participating in the negotiations, when that conveyance was made; that ho did not claim any interest in the land conveyed, but on the contrary represented that his father’s title to it was good, and [20]*20saw a large part, more than half, of the purchase price paid to his father. Simmons further testified that he knew nothing about the deed of June 8, 1869.
Joseph Iiibbits, the then clerk of the County Court of Buchanan county, a wholly disinterested witness so far as the record shows, testified positively that William Wash was present at that time and seemed to be assisting his father in the transaction. It is true that William Wash testifies that he was not present on that occasion, and denies that he ever knew of the sale in question until a year or so before the institution of this suit. This latter statement is incredible, and makes it difficult, if not impossible to give credit to his other statements when in conflict with the testimony of other witnesses. His father with whom he lived died less than á year after the sale, leaving a will. William Wash was one of the devisees named in the will, and admits that he heard it read. It disposes of the residue ($5,500) of the unpaid purchase price due from the parties to whom his father had sold the land.
His conduct proves that he knew of the sale long before he says he did. It does not appear that after his father’s sale and conveyance of the land, in the year 1888, until the deed of June 8, 18'69, was re-recorded, in February, 1906, just before this suit was instituted, that he set up any claim to the land. During that long period he paid no taxes upon it, exercised no acts of ownership over it, and in the year 1890, when the general agent of his father’s vendees or their successors was sent to William Wash to get information about the land, he was told by that agent whom he represented; that he was going to the land to take charge of it for his principals, the owners thereof, and wished to get such information from him as he could give about the land; yet William Wash made no claim to the land nor gave any intimation that he had or claimed any interest in it; but gave the agent such information as he could.
That William Wash claimed no interest in the land at the [21]*21time his father sold it to the parties under whom the appellees claim is further shown by the fact that he testified in substance in the old case of Hendricks v. Kernan, hereinbefore referred to, that the deed of June 8, 1869, under which he now claims, never became operative; that he took nothing under it; and that the interest which it purported to convey still belonged to his father. This sworn statement was made in the year 1886, only about two years before the sale to the parties under whom appellees claim. During this period nothing is shown that could have changed his views as to his rights or interest in the land.
Without discussing further the evidence relied on by either side upon the question of estoppel, it is sufficient to say, that a careful consideration of the direct testimony, the facts and the circumstances disclosed by the record satisfies us that at the time his father conveyed the Nash moiety of the Nash and Hendricks tract of land to the parties under whom the appellees claim, William Nash was present aiding his father in making the sale; that he saw one-half or more of the purchase money paid to his father without objection—without asserting title to or claiming an interest in the land—and that the purchasers thereof did not know of the claim which he is asserting in this suit, and did not have any convenient means of acquiring such knowledge. Hpon this state of facts it is clear that William Nash is not entitled to .the relief sought.
We are of opinion that the bill was properly dismissed as to both complainants (appellants here) by the circuit court, and that the decree appealed from must be affirmed.
Affirmed.