STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
11-1243
NADINE EWING
VERSUS
FREDERICK M. HILBURN, II
**********
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION – DIST. 02 PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 10-05275 JAMES L. BRADDOCK, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
JIMMIE C. PETERS JUDGE
Court composed of Jimmie C. Peters, Elizabeth A. Pickett, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
REVERSED, RENDERED, AND REMANDED.
Eugene A. Ledet, Jr. Dalrymple & Ledet LLC P. O. Drawer 14440 Alexandria, LA 71315 (318) 442-1818 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT: Nadine Ewing
Kim Purdy Thomas Patrick F. Cole Mayer, Smith & Roberts, L.L.P. 1550 Creswell Ave. Shreveport, LA 71101 (318) 222-2135 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES: Frederick M. Hilburn, II, DDS and Continental Casualty Company PETERS, J.
Nadine Ewing appeals from the workers’ compensation judge’s (WCJ’s)
denial of her request for penalties and attorney fees based on her employer’s
refusal to approve her treatment by the orthopedic surgeon of her choice. For the
following reasons, we reverse the WCJ judgment, render judgment in Mrs.
Ewing’s favor, and remand this matter for further proceedings.
DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD
Mrs. Ewing claims to have suffered an injury to her left knee on Tuesday,
March 9, 2010, while working in the autoclave chamber of her employer, Dr.
Frederick M. Hilburn, II, DDS. She was moving sterile instruments from the non-
sterile side of the chamber to the sterile side. With a tray of instruments in her
hands, she twisted to one side, which caused a dislocation of the patella of her left
knee. Mrs. Ewing stated that she bent down and pushed the patella back into place
with her hand, and thereafter, she related the incident to two other employees,
Alayna McKinney and Michelle Trahan. She completed the workday and worked
the next day. On Thursday of that week, Mrs. Ewing and her daughter traveled to
San Antonio, Texas, to watch her son compete in an R.O.T.C. competition. During
the trip, she began experiencing soreness in her left knee. Mrs. Ewing returned to
work on Tuesday, March 16.
On Wednesday, March 17, 2010, Dr. Hilburn noticed that Mrs. Ewing was
limping on her left leg and inquired as to the cause. She told him about the
incident the previous Tuesday, but stated that she did not think it would amount to
anything. However, her knee continued to worsen until she sought medical
treatment at Citizens Rural Clinic in Columbia, Louisiana. The nurse practitioner
at Citizens Rural Clinic recommended that she undergo an MRI of her knee and
initiated a referral to an orthopedic surgeon at E. A. Conway Medical Center in Monroe, Louisiana. In addition to treatment at Citizens Rural Clinic and E. A.
Conway Medical Center, Mrs. Ewing also sought medical care at the Huey P. Long
Health Medical Center in Pineville, Louisiana.1
On her April 8, 2010 visit to Citizens Rural Clinic, the nurse practitioner
placed Mrs. Ewing on light-duty work status. However, when her situation did not
improve, on April 19, 2010, the nurse practitioner placed her on a no-work status
and instructed her to use crutches. Thereafter, Dr. James P. Taylor at Huey P.
Long Health Medical Center began seeing Mrs. Ewing. He continued her on the
no-work status for two weeks at a time. After the June 9, 2010 examination, Dr.
Taylor extended her no-work status indefinitely pending a follow up with him after
she underwent an MRI of her knee.
Mrs. Ewing did not return to work with Dr. Hilburn after April 19, 2010, but
did express her desire for compensation benefits. On April 21, 2010, she gave a
recorded statement to Gayle Timbs, a claim specialist with CNA, the claims
administrator for Continental Casualty Company (Continental Casualty), Dr.
Hilburn’s insurer. On May 3, 2010, Mrs. Ewing received a letter from Ms. Timbs,
which read in pertinent part as follows:
I have completed the investigation of the claim for your left knee. It has been found that this injury did not arise out of and in the course and scope of the employment, therefore, Workers’ Compensation benefits are being denied.
The letter did not explain the scope of the investigation or the specific reason the
insurer was denying the claim.
On June 2, 2010, counsel for Mrs. Ewing informed Ms. Timbs that he was
representing Mrs. Ewing in her workers’ compensation matter and that he was
1 Both E. A. Conway Medical Center and Huey P. Long Health Medical Center are part of the LSU Health Care Services Division. Mrs. Ewing sought care at these public facilities because she could not afford medical care otherwise.
2 seeking approval for her to see Dr. Christopher M. Rich, an Alexandria, Louisiana
orthopedic surgeon, as soon as possible. Apparently, based on the results of its
investigation, Continental Casualty refused to authorize Dr. Rich’s examination
and evaluation. On June 16, 2010, Mrs. Ewing filed a disputed claim asserting a
number of claims, including the failure to authorize a medical evaluation and
treatment by Dr. Rich
Mrs. Ewing sought and received an expedited hearing pursuant to La.R.S.
23:1121, to resolve the medical authorization. At the conclusion of the August 16,
2010 expedited hearing, the WCJ recognized Mrs. Ewing’s right to see Dr. Rich,
but delayed judgment on the issue of penalties and attorney fees. The parties then
submitted these issues to the WCJ on briefs and on the transcript of the August 16,
2010 hearing. On June 2, 2011, the WCJ rendered oral reasons rejecting Mrs.
Ewing’s request for penalties and attorney fees.
On June 21, 2011, the WCJ signed a judgment on this issue, and this appeal
followed that judgment. In her appeal, Mrs. Ewing raises one assignment of error
in asserting that the WCJ factually and legally erred in denying her claim for
penalties and attorney fees.
OPINION
Just as in tort cases, a WCJ’s factual findings are reviewed on appeal
pursuant to the manifest error—clearly wrong standard. Poissenot v. St. Bernard
Parish Sheriff’s Office, 09-2793 (La. 1/9/11), 56 So.3d 170. However, whether the
WCJ utilized the appropriate standard in denying penalties and attorney fees to
Mrs. Ewing, based on the denial by Dr. Hilburn and Continental Casualty of her
request to see the orthopedic surgeon of her choice, is a question of law.
3 As pointed out in Nelson v. Windmill Nursery of Louisiana, L.L.C., 04-1941,
pp. 3-4 (La.App. 1 Cir. 9/23/05), 923 So.2d 709, 712, writ denied, 05-2294 (La.
3/10/06), 925 So.2d 516:
LSA R.S. 23:1121 A provides that an injured employee shall submit to examination by a physician provided and paid for by the employer as soon after the accident as demanded. LSA-R.S. 23:1121 B(1) provides that the employer shall have the right to select one treating physician in any field or specialty. An employer’s refusal to authorize reasonable and necessary medical treatment for an injured employee may justify an award of penalties and attorney fees. LSA- R.S. 23:1201 F. See also Authement v. Shappert Engineering, 02- 1631, p. 8 (La. 2/25/03), 840 So.2d 1181, 1186, where the court concluded in a similar contest that failure to authorize medical treatment equates to failure to provide benefits and shall result in the assessment of penalties and reasonable attorney fees under LSA-R.S. 23:1201 F.
The first circuit went on to hold that the employer’s obligation to authorize
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STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
11-1243
NADINE EWING
VERSUS
FREDERICK M. HILBURN, II
**********
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION – DIST. 02 PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 10-05275 JAMES L. BRADDOCK, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
JIMMIE C. PETERS JUDGE
Court composed of Jimmie C. Peters, Elizabeth A. Pickett, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
REVERSED, RENDERED, AND REMANDED.
Eugene A. Ledet, Jr. Dalrymple & Ledet LLC P. O. Drawer 14440 Alexandria, LA 71315 (318) 442-1818 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT: Nadine Ewing
Kim Purdy Thomas Patrick F. Cole Mayer, Smith & Roberts, L.L.P. 1550 Creswell Ave. Shreveport, LA 71101 (318) 222-2135 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES: Frederick M. Hilburn, II, DDS and Continental Casualty Company PETERS, J.
Nadine Ewing appeals from the workers’ compensation judge’s (WCJ’s)
denial of her request for penalties and attorney fees based on her employer’s
refusal to approve her treatment by the orthopedic surgeon of her choice. For the
following reasons, we reverse the WCJ judgment, render judgment in Mrs.
Ewing’s favor, and remand this matter for further proceedings.
DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD
Mrs. Ewing claims to have suffered an injury to her left knee on Tuesday,
March 9, 2010, while working in the autoclave chamber of her employer, Dr.
Frederick M. Hilburn, II, DDS. She was moving sterile instruments from the non-
sterile side of the chamber to the sterile side. With a tray of instruments in her
hands, she twisted to one side, which caused a dislocation of the patella of her left
knee. Mrs. Ewing stated that she bent down and pushed the patella back into place
with her hand, and thereafter, she related the incident to two other employees,
Alayna McKinney and Michelle Trahan. She completed the workday and worked
the next day. On Thursday of that week, Mrs. Ewing and her daughter traveled to
San Antonio, Texas, to watch her son compete in an R.O.T.C. competition. During
the trip, she began experiencing soreness in her left knee. Mrs. Ewing returned to
work on Tuesday, March 16.
On Wednesday, March 17, 2010, Dr. Hilburn noticed that Mrs. Ewing was
limping on her left leg and inquired as to the cause. She told him about the
incident the previous Tuesday, but stated that she did not think it would amount to
anything. However, her knee continued to worsen until she sought medical
treatment at Citizens Rural Clinic in Columbia, Louisiana. The nurse practitioner
at Citizens Rural Clinic recommended that she undergo an MRI of her knee and
initiated a referral to an orthopedic surgeon at E. A. Conway Medical Center in Monroe, Louisiana. In addition to treatment at Citizens Rural Clinic and E. A.
Conway Medical Center, Mrs. Ewing also sought medical care at the Huey P. Long
Health Medical Center in Pineville, Louisiana.1
On her April 8, 2010 visit to Citizens Rural Clinic, the nurse practitioner
placed Mrs. Ewing on light-duty work status. However, when her situation did not
improve, on April 19, 2010, the nurse practitioner placed her on a no-work status
and instructed her to use crutches. Thereafter, Dr. James P. Taylor at Huey P.
Long Health Medical Center began seeing Mrs. Ewing. He continued her on the
no-work status for two weeks at a time. After the June 9, 2010 examination, Dr.
Taylor extended her no-work status indefinitely pending a follow up with him after
she underwent an MRI of her knee.
Mrs. Ewing did not return to work with Dr. Hilburn after April 19, 2010, but
did express her desire for compensation benefits. On April 21, 2010, she gave a
recorded statement to Gayle Timbs, a claim specialist with CNA, the claims
administrator for Continental Casualty Company (Continental Casualty), Dr.
Hilburn’s insurer. On May 3, 2010, Mrs. Ewing received a letter from Ms. Timbs,
which read in pertinent part as follows:
I have completed the investigation of the claim for your left knee. It has been found that this injury did not arise out of and in the course and scope of the employment, therefore, Workers’ Compensation benefits are being denied.
The letter did not explain the scope of the investigation or the specific reason the
insurer was denying the claim.
On June 2, 2010, counsel for Mrs. Ewing informed Ms. Timbs that he was
representing Mrs. Ewing in her workers’ compensation matter and that he was
1 Both E. A. Conway Medical Center and Huey P. Long Health Medical Center are part of the LSU Health Care Services Division. Mrs. Ewing sought care at these public facilities because she could not afford medical care otherwise.
2 seeking approval for her to see Dr. Christopher M. Rich, an Alexandria, Louisiana
orthopedic surgeon, as soon as possible. Apparently, based on the results of its
investigation, Continental Casualty refused to authorize Dr. Rich’s examination
and evaluation. On June 16, 2010, Mrs. Ewing filed a disputed claim asserting a
number of claims, including the failure to authorize a medical evaluation and
treatment by Dr. Rich
Mrs. Ewing sought and received an expedited hearing pursuant to La.R.S.
23:1121, to resolve the medical authorization. At the conclusion of the August 16,
2010 expedited hearing, the WCJ recognized Mrs. Ewing’s right to see Dr. Rich,
but delayed judgment on the issue of penalties and attorney fees. The parties then
submitted these issues to the WCJ on briefs and on the transcript of the August 16,
2010 hearing. On June 2, 2011, the WCJ rendered oral reasons rejecting Mrs.
Ewing’s request for penalties and attorney fees.
On June 21, 2011, the WCJ signed a judgment on this issue, and this appeal
followed that judgment. In her appeal, Mrs. Ewing raises one assignment of error
in asserting that the WCJ factually and legally erred in denying her claim for
penalties and attorney fees.
OPINION
Just as in tort cases, a WCJ’s factual findings are reviewed on appeal
pursuant to the manifest error—clearly wrong standard. Poissenot v. St. Bernard
Parish Sheriff’s Office, 09-2793 (La. 1/9/11), 56 So.3d 170. However, whether the
WCJ utilized the appropriate standard in denying penalties and attorney fees to
Mrs. Ewing, based on the denial by Dr. Hilburn and Continental Casualty of her
request to see the orthopedic surgeon of her choice, is a question of law.
3 As pointed out in Nelson v. Windmill Nursery of Louisiana, L.L.C., 04-1941,
pp. 3-4 (La.App. 1 Cir. 9/23/05), 923 So.2d 709, 712, writ denied, 05-2294 (La.
3/10/06), 925 So.2d 516:
LSA R.S. 23:1121 A provides that an injured employee shall submit to examination by a physician provided and paid for by the employer as soon after the accident as demanded. LSA-R.S. 23:1121 B(1) provides that the employer shall have the right to select one treating physician in any field or specialty. An employer’s refusal to authorize reasonable and necessary medical treatment for an injured employee may justify an award of penalties and attorney fees. LSA- R.S. 23:1201 F. See also Authement v. Shappert Engineering, 02- 1631, p. 8 (La. 2/25/03), 840 So.2d 1181, 1186, where the court concluded in a similar contest that failure to authorize medical treatment equates to failure to provide benefits and shall result in the assessment of penalties and reasonable attorney fees under LSA-R.S. 23:1201 F.
The first circuit went on to hold that the employer’s obligation to authorize
reasonable and necessary medical treatment for an injured employee does not rise
or fall based on proof of causation. Id. In summarizing the issue before it, the first
circuit stated the following:
Based upon the clear language of the statute, a penalty and attorney fee can be imposed for this failure to authorize treatment except where the claim is reasonably controverted. LSA-R.S. 23:1201 F(2); Authement, 02-1631 at p. 8, 840 So.2d at 1186. Windmill alleges that the penalties were awarded before it had the opportunity to controvert the claim. We disagree.
In Brown v. Texas-LA Cartage, Inc., 98-1063 (La.12/1/98), 721 So.2d 885, the Louisiana Supreme Court discussed the meaning of reasonably controverting a claim. The court stated that generally, ―in order to reasonably controvert a claim, the defendant must have some valid reason or evidence upon which to base his denial of benefits.‖ Id. 98-1063 at p. 9, 721 So.2d at 890. It further discussed the issue as follows:
Thus, to determine whether the claimant’s right has been reasonably controverted, thereby precluding the imposition of penalties and attorney fees under La. R.S. 23:1201, a court must ascertain whether the employer or his insurer engaged in a nonfrivolous legal dispute or possessed factual and/or medical information to reasonably counter the factual and medical information presented by the claimant throughout the time he refused 4 to pay all or part of the benefits allegedly owed. This definition is in accord with that presently used by the lower courts to determine whether penalties and attorney fees are owed. Id.
Id. at 713.
The first circuit described the issue before it to not be whether a
compensable injury had occurred, but whether the employer and/or its insurer had
a legal basis for not allowing the claimant to procure medical attention. Id. Thus,
the first circuit recognized that the award of a penalty and attorney fees will only
be excused in situations where the employer has reasonably controverted the
employee’s claim, regardless of the ultimate causation outcome. Likewise, the
ultimate issue before us here is not whether Mrs. Ewing suffered a compensable
injury, but, rather, whether Dr. Hilburn and Continental Casualty had any legal
basis for refusing to allow her to procure medical treatment following her alleged
knee injury. However, before we can reach that issue, we must first evaluate the
burden of proof imposed on Mrs. Ewing by the WCJ.
The burden of proof rests with Dr. Hilburn and Continental Casualty to
establish that they reasonably controverted Mrs. Ewing’s request to see Dr. Rich.
Moore v. Transmissions, Inc., 41,472 (La.App. 2 Cir. 9/27/06), 940 So.2d 694.
Although the WCJ initially correctly stated that penalties and attorney fees would
not lie in instances where the employee’s claim was reasonably controverted or
where the nonpayment resulted from conditions beyond the employer’s control, it
placed the burden of proof on Mrs. Ewing and applied the wrong standard in
rendering judgment.
In his oral reasons for judgment, the WCJ stated, in pertinent part, that ―the
Court finds that since the burden is on Ms. Ewing to demonstrate that the actions of
the employer and the insurer were unreasonable or arbitrary and capricious, that
5 she failed in meeting that burden of proof and her claims for penalties and
attorney’s fees are denied.‖ (Emphasis added.) Having concluded that the WCJ
committed legal error in denying Mrs. Ewing’s claims, we must conduct a de novo
review of the record. Moreno v. Landaverde Constr. LLC, 10-471 (La.App. 5 Cir.
12/14/10), 53 So.3d 687.
In conducting a de novo review, we conclude that Dr. Hilburn and his
insurer did not reasonably controvert Mrs. Ewing’s request for medical care with
Dr. Rich. The evidence establishes that Dr. Hilburn did not become aware of Mrs.
Ewing’s claimed March 9, 2010 injury until Wednesday, March 17, 2010, when he
observed her limping at work. When questioned by Dr. Hilburn, Mrs. Ewing
immediately related the incident in the autoclave chamber as well as the specific
mechanics of the injury itself. Additionally, Mrs. Ewing informed him that there
were no witnesses to the accident, but that she had related the fact of the accident
and injury to her two coworkers. Mrs. Ewing informed her employer that she did
not believe the injury was severe, and she continued working.
Although the record is not entirely clear when it occurred, sometime after his
conversation with Mrs. Ewing, Dr. Hilburn questioned the two coworkers
concerning what Mrs. Ewing may have related to them regarding the accident.
Both coworkers informed the doctor that they did not recall any conversation
concerning Mrs. Ewing’s alleged accident on March 9, 2010. He then properly
turned this matter over to his workers’ compensation insurer, Continental Casualty.
The investigation performed by CNA, Continental Casualty’s claims
administrator, appears to be nothing more than the taking of Mrs. Ewing’s
statement wherein she repeated the particulars of the accident and provided Ms.
6 Timbs with information concerning her medical care at Citizens Rural Clinic. 2
There is no evidence in that record to indicate that Ms. Timbs did anything toward
acquiring medical information on Mrs. Ewing. Had she done so, she would have
discovered that the accident history Mrs. Ewing provided Dr. Hilburn was
basically the same as that provided to the medical care givers, and that no medical
provider suggested that the related accident was inconsistent with her complaints.
Instead, Continental Casualty seems to have based its decision to deny benefits
solely on the fact that Mrs. Ewing traveled to San Antonio, Texas, the weekend
after the accident. Although causation is not the issue, they jumped to the
conclusion that causation did not exist and based their refusal on what little
information they possessed to deny her request.
Considering the record before us, we find that no legal basis existed for Dr.
Hilburn and Continental Casualty to refuse Mrs. Ewing’s request to see Dr. Rich.
Accordingly, we find that Dr. Hilburn and Continental Casualty failed to
reasonably controvert Mrs. Ewing’s request to see Dr. Rich. Thus, we reverse the
WCJ’s judgment denying her request for penalties and attorney fees and render
judgment assessing Dr. Hilburn and Continental Casualty with $2,000.00 3 in
penalties and $5,000.00 in attorney fees based on their failure to authorize Mrs.
Ewing’s treatment with Dr. Rich, as provided by La.R.S. 23:1121(B).
2 Mrs. Ewing even provided Ms. Timbs with the telephone number of Citizens Rural Clinic during her recorded interview. 3 Although Mrs. Ewing is entitled to a penalty of $50.00 per day for each day Dr. Hilburn refused her request to see Dr. Rich, the total $50.00 per day penalty may not exceed $2,000.00. La.R.S. 23:1201(F). Mrs. Ewing requested permission to see Dr. Rich on June 2, 2010, but was not granted permission to see him until August 16, 2010, for a total of seventy-six days. This would equal a penalty of $3,800.00, so the maximum amount which may be awarded to Mrs. Ewing is $2,000.00. 7 DISPOSITION
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the workers’
compensation judge denying the request of Nadine Ewing for penalties and
attorney fees based on the failure of Dr. Frederick M. Hilburn, II and Continental
Casualty Company to authorize her to see Dr. Christopher M. Rich for medical
evaluation and treatment. We render judgment in favor of Nadine Ewing and
against Dr. Frederick M. Hilburn, II and Continental Casualty Company, awarding
Nadine Ewing $2,000.00 in statutory penalties and $5,000.00 in attorney fees. We
assess all costs of this appeal to Frederick M. Hilburn, II, DDS and Continental
Casualty Company and remand this matter to the workers’ compensation court for
further proceedings.