N.A.A.C.P. v. Gadsden County School Board

589 F. Supp. 953, 19 Educ. L. Rep. 524, 1984 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18850
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. Florida
DecidedMarch 6, 1984
DocketTCA No. 73-177
StatusPublished

This text of 589 F. Supp. 953 (N.A.A.C.P. v. Gadsden County School Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
N.A.A.C.P. v. Gadsden County School Board, 589 F. Supp. 953, 19 Educ. L. Rep. 524, 1984 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18850 (N.D. Fla. 1984).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

STAFFORD, Chief Judge.

Plaintiffs, representing a class of all black persons in Gadsden County, Florida, brought this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C., §§ 1971, 1973, 1981, 1983, and the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments alleging that the at-large scheme for the election of school board members set [955]*955forth in Chapter 230, Florida Statutes unconstitutionally dilutes the vote of black electors in Gadsden County.

This case was initially consolidated for trial in 1974 with two other actions challenging the election scheme relating to the election of members of the Quincy, Florida City Commission and members of the Board of County Commissioners of Gadsden County, Florida. The action against the School Board was dismissed after the first trial and was remanded to this Court after Plaintiffs’ successful appeal to the former Fifth Circuit. McGill v. Gadsden County Commission, 535 F.2d 277 (5th Cir.1976). This case was thereafter tried to the Court the second time in January of 1979. This Court withheld its opinion and decision pending resolution by the United States Supreme Court of disputed issues of law then pending before it in two decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Bolden v. City of Mobile, Alabama, 571 F.2d 238 (5th Cir.1978) and Nevett v. Sides, 571 F.2d 209 (5th Cir.1978). Following the decision of the Supreme Court in Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55, 100 S.Ct. 1490, 64 L.Ed.2d 47 (1980) and the Court’s denial of certiorari in Nevett v. Sides, 446 U.S. 951, 100 S.Ct. 2916, 64 L.Ed.2d 807 (1980), this Court rendered its Memorandum Opinion and Order filed December 5, 1980 in which it found insufficient evidence to establish that Florida’s change from single-member primary elections to at-large primary elections in 1947 was discriminatorily enacted. Additionally, this Court made its findings of fact that the existence of past discrimination in general in Gadsden County, Florida had not been shown to preclude the effective participation of blacks in the election process, and that black persons in Gadsden County were free to register, to vote, to choose the political party they wished to support and to fully participate in the nominating process of candidates for public office. On the basis of its findings, this Court concluded that the election scheme for nominating and electing school board members was neither conceived nor maintained for any discriminatory purpose and that the rights of black residents and voters of Gadsden County, Florida had not been illegally diluted.

Thereafter, an appeal of this Court’s decision was taken by Plaintiffs to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit which rendered its opinion and decision filed November 15, 1982 in which it reversed this Court’s decision, and adopted and applied its decision in McMillan v. Escambia County, Florida, 638 F.2d 1239 (5th Cir.1981) in which it held that the 1947 change from single-member district primaries to at-large primaries had been enacted by the Florida Legislature with an “invidious purpose.” N.A.A.C.P. v. Gadsden County School Board, 691 F.2d 978 (11th Cir.1982). That finding, when coupled with evidence of racially-polarized voting patterns and the historic inability of blacks to be elected to public office, was convincing proof to that court of the invalidity and illegality of the present at-large election scheme in Gadsden County for school board members. The Eleventh Circuit remanded the case with direction for this Court to fashion a single-member remedy.

On remand, this Court requested that the parties attempt in good faith to agree to a single-member district plan acceptable to both them and the Court. Although extensive and commendable efforts were made by both parties, no final agreement was reached. This Court, therefore, then requested the parties to prepare and submit their respective proposed plans requiring single-member districts for the nomination and election of school board members. The Plaintiffs submitted one plan for the Court’s consideration, and two plans were submitted by the School Board.

The matter came on to be heard on final hearing before the Court without a jury on February 6, 1984. The parties have fully cooperated with one another in obtaining and sharing 1980 federal census data in the preparation of their respective proposed plans. Having heard testimony and having considered numerous exhibits offered by both parties and having heard argument by counsel and being otherwise fully advised [956]*956in the premises, the Court now enters its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law pursuant to Rule 52, Federal Rules of Civil Procedures.

FINDINGS OF FACT

Immediately prior to the rendition of the opinion and decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in this case in fall of 1982, three black persons were elected to the School Board. One incumbent black person successfully ran for reelection unopposed to the Board, while two other black persons successfully ran for election to the Board for the first time. Thus, the five-member School Board consisted of three black persons and two white persons, all elected under the present at-large election scheme required by Chapter 230, Florida Statutes. The issue of whether to petition the Eleventh Circuit for rehearing in light of the 1982 election results was discussed by the Board. However, the School Board voted unanimously to decline to permit the filing of such petition basing its decision in large part on the fact that enough school board money had already been expended on this litigation.

In the previous trial held in January of 1979, an expert witness for the Plaintiffs testified that the earlier election of Harold Henderson, a black school board member, was the result of characteristics and qualities belonging exclusively to Mr. Henderson and that it was highly improbable that another black candidate would be successful under the present at-large election scheme in Gadsden County, Florida. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit was never apprised of the election of two additional black persons in 1982 and this Court is greatly concerned and sensitive to the fact that it is called upon to completely uproot the at-large election scheme for school board members in a county which has recently produced two additional black school board members under the very election scheme held invalid by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.1 However, in obedience to the mandate issued by the United States Court of Appeals, this Court has carefully considered the several plans proposed by the parties in order to choose one which will implement the decision of that Court.2

The School Board filed two proposed plans with this Court. Board Plan 1 was the plan preferred by the Board, and Board Plan 2 was the second preference of the Board.

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Reynolds v. Sims
377 U.S. 533 (Supreme Court, 1964)
Hughes v. WMCA, Inc.
379 U.S. 694 (Supreme Court, 1965)
Swann v. Adams
383 U.S. 210 (Supreme Court, 1966)
White v. Regester
412 U.S. 755 (Supreme Court, 1973)
Connor v. Finch
431 U.S. 407 (Supreme Court, 1977)
City of Mobile v. Bolden
446 U.S. 55 (Supreme Court, 1980)
Wiley L. Bolden v. City of Mobile, Alabama
571 F.2d 238 (Fifth Circuit, 1978)
Zelma C. Wyche v. The Madison Parish Police Jury
635 F.2d 1151 (Fifth Circuit, 1981)
Swann v. Adams
258 F. Supp. 819 (S.D. Florida, 1966)
Mann v. Davis
238 F. Supp. 458 (E.D. Virginia, 1964)
McGill v. Gadsden County Commission
535 F.2d 277 (Fifth Circuit, 1976)
Nevett v. Sides
571 F.2d 209 (Fifth Circuit, 1978)
Nevett v. Sides
446 U.S. 951 (Supreme Court, 1980)

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Bluebook (online)
589 F. Supp. 953, 19 Educ. L. Rep. 524, 1984 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18850, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/naacp-v-gadsden-county-school-board-flnd-1984.