Muschette v. Gionfriddo

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedDecember 7, 2018
Docket17-3817-cv
StatusPublished

This text of Muschette v. Gionfriddo (Muschette v. Gionfriddo) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Muschette v. Gionfriddo, (2d Cir. 2018).

Opinion

17‐3817‐cv Muschette v. Gionfriddo

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

AUGUST TERM 2018 No. 17‐3817‐cv

AUDLEY MUSCHETTE, ON BEHALF OF A.M., AND JUDITH MUSCHETTE, ON BEHALF OF A.M., Plaintiffs‐Appellees,

v.

PAUL W. GIONFRIDDO, IN HIS INDIVIDUAL AND OFFICIAL CAPACITIES, Defendant‐Appellant,

TOWN OF WEST HARTFORD, AMERICAN SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, CHRISTOPHER LYTH, IN HIS INDIVIDUAL AND OFFICIAL CAPACITIES, CHRIS HAMMOND, IN HIS INDIVIDUAL AND OFFICIAL CAPACITIES, JOHN DOE, IN HIS INDIVIDUAL AND OFFICIAL CAPACITIES, AND ELWIN ESPINOSA, IN HIS INDIVIDUAL AND OFFICIAL CAPACITIES, Defendants.

ARGUED: SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 DECIDED: DECEMBER 7, 2018

Before: WALKER, JACOBS, POOLER, Circuit Judges.

Plaintiffs Audley and Judith Muschette bring suit on behalf of their son, A.M., who was tased twice at his school by the defendant‐appellant, Officer Paul Gionfriddo, following an incident between A.M. and his teacher. The United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (Eginton, J.) denied a summary judgment motion by Officer Gionfriddo seeking qualified immunity. Because a reasonable officer could believe that, under the circumstances, the tasing of A.M. was lawful, we reverse.

ANDREW ROZYNSKI, EISENBERG & BAUM LLP, NEW YORK, NY, FOR THE PLAINTIFF‐APPELLEE.

SCOTT M. KARSTEN (WITH DENNIS M. DURAO ON THE BRIEF), KARSTEN & TALLBERG, LLC, ROCKY HILL, CT, FOR THE DEFENDANT‐APPELLANT.

DENNIS JACOBS, Circuit Judge:

Defendant‐Appellant Paul Gionfriddo, a police officer in the town of West Hartford, appeals from the denial of his motion for qualified immunity in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (Eginton, J.). A.M. alleges that his Fourth Amendment right to be free from excessive force was violated when he was tased by Officer Gionfriddo following an incident at his school, the American School for the Deaf, in West Hartford, Connecticut. Officer Gionfriddo argues that he reasonably believed that the use of the taser was necessary to subdue A.M., because A.M. ignored his instructions, even after he warned A.M. that he would use the taser if his instructions were ignored. A.M.‐‐who is deaf and communicates primarily in American Sign Language (“ASL”)‐‐disputes that he received the instructions and warnings. Officer Gionfriddo responds that it was reasonable for him to believe that his verbal instructions and warnings were translated to A.M. by the faculty members, because he observed them signing to A.M. when he gave the instructions and warnings.

Officer Gionfriddo moved for summary judgment on the ground of qualified immunity. The district court denied the motion, ruling that questions of fact precluded a ruling on qualified immunity. We reverse.

2 BACKGROUND

The following facts are undisputed, unless otherwise noted.

The plaintiffs, Audley and Judith Muschette, are the parents of A.M., a 12‐year‐old boy who is profoundly deaf and communicates primarily in ASL. On April 30, 2013, A.M. got into a confrontation over a takeout food order with a teacher at his school. A.M. became angry, ran from the dorm, and entered a nearby, fenced‐off construction area. The teacher, Christopher Hammond, followed. When Hammond approached, A.M. picked up a stick and hit Hammond. A.M. also threw rocks at Hammond, hitting him at least once. A.M. picked up a large rock in the construction area, Hammond and the other faculty who were gathered at the scene left the construction area, leaving A.M. sitting alone and holding the rock.

The Dean, Ron Davis, called 911 and reported a student was “out of control” and “making the situation dangerous”. App’x 345‐47. Officer Gionfriddo went to the school, and was soon joined by a second officer, Christopher Lyth. Dean Davis advised Officer Gionfriddo that A.M. had gotten into a disagreement with Hammond, and had been throwing things at staff members.

After the briefing, Officers Gionfriddo and Lyth approached the construction area with Hammond and Dean Davis, where A.M. remained sitting with a large rock in his hands. Dean Davis, Officer Gionfriddo, and Officer Lyth positioned themselves behind A.M., while Hammond stood approximately 15 feet in front of A.M., facing A.M., Dean Davis, and the officers. Officer Gionfriddo gave verbal instructions to put down the rock. Dean Davis translated the instructions into ASL, and Hammond, who was facing A.M., signed in A.M.’s direction. When A.M. did not let go of the rock, Officer Gionfriddo verbally warned A.M. that he would use the taser if A.M. did not put down the rock, and Davis again translated this message to Hammond, who signed toward A.M. When A.M. again appeared to ignore the warning, Officer Gionfriddo tased A.M., and Officer Lyth unsuccessfully attempted to get A.M. into handcuffs. After Officer Gionfriddo deployed the taser a second time, Officer Lyth was able to secure the handcuffs.

A.M. does not dispute that Officer Gionfriddo gave verbal instructions and warnings, or that Davis and Hammond were signing when those instructions

3 and warnings were given. But he denies that he actually received and understood any of those instructions or warnings, or even knew that police officers were at the school until he was tased. A.M. argues that Officer Gionfriddo’s belief that his instructions and warnings were being translated and understood by A.M. was unreasonable, and therefore that Officer Gionfriddo’s use of the taser was unreasonable.

Officer Gionfriddo moved for summary judgment on the ground of qualified immunity. The district court denied the motion, finding that “Gionfriddo’s entitlement to immunity depends on factual disputes that will hinge on credibility determinations, which must be made by the jury.” App’x 31.

This appeal followed.

DISCUSSION

“Ordinarily, the denial of a motion for summary judgment is not immediately appealable because such a decision is not a final judgment.” Cowan ex rel. Estate of Cooper v. Breen, 352 F.3d 756, 760 (2d Cir. 2003) (internal quotation marks omitted). Jurisdiction nevertheless lies when (as here) the appellant argues entitlement to qualified immunity “even under plaintiff’s version of the facts.” Coons v. Casabella, 284 F.3d 437, 440 (2d Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, all disputed facts are construed (and reasonable factual inferences are drawn) in A.M.’s favor.

We review the district court’s summary judgment decision de novo. Roe v. City of Waterbury, 542 F.3d 31, 35 (2d Cir. 2008). Summary judgment is appropriate if “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact” and “the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).

I.

“Qualified immunity protects officials from liability for civil damages as long as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.” Taravella v. Town of Wolcott, 599 F.3d 129, 133 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). When a defendant invokes qualified immunity, courts consider whether the plaintiff has shown “(1) that the [defendant] violated a statutory or constitutional right, and (2) that the right was ‘clearly established’ at the time of

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Taravella v. Town of Wolcott
599 F.3d 129 (Second Circuit, 2010)
Anderson v. Creighton
483 U.S. 635 (Supreme Court, 1987)
Tracy v. Freshwater
623 F.3d 90 (Second Circuit, 2010)
Crowell v. Kirkpatrick
400 F. App'x 592 (Second Circuit, 2010)
Anthony Coons, Sr. v. Steven F. Casabella
284 F.3d 437 (Second Circuit, 2002)
Roe v. City of Waterbury
542 F.3d 31 (Second Circuit, 2008)
MACLEOD v. TOWN OF BRATTLEBORO
548 F. App'x 6 (Second Circuit, 2013)
Tolan v. Cotton
134 S. Ct. 1861 (Supreme Court, 2014)
Wood v. Moss
134 S. Ct. 2056 (Supreme Court, 2014)
Carroll v. Carman
135 S. Ct. 348 (Supreme Court, 2014)
Figueroa v. Mazza
825 F.3d 89 (Second Circuit, 2016)
Penree Ex Rel. Penree v. City of Utica
694 F. App'x 30 (Second Circuit, 2017)
Garcia v. Dutchess County
43 F. Supp. 3d 281 (S.D. New York, 2014)
Edrei v. Maguire
892 F.3d 525 (Second Circuit, 2018)
Terebesi v. Torreso
764 F.3d 217 (Second Circuit, 2014)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
Muschette v. Gionfriddo, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/muschette-v-gionfriddo-ca2-2018.