Murray v. Bank One

649 N.E.2d 1307, 99 Ohio App. 3d 89, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 5576
CourtOhio Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 13, 1994
DocketNo. 93APE11-1619.
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 649 N.E.2d 1307 (Murray v. Bank One) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Ohio Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Murray v. Bank One, 649 N.E.2d 1307, 99 Ohio App. 3d 89, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 5576 (Ohio Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

Edward J. Mahoney, Judge.

The present appeal is before this court for the second time. In this appeal, as in the first appeal, appellant, Joseph C. Murray, appeals the decision of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment to appellees, Bank One and Dean Witter Reynolds. 1 Appellant asserts the following assignment of error:

“The trial court erred in granting summary judgment.”

Appellant developed a system which permits check writers and credit card users to keep detailed analyses of their expenditures. The individual system user preselects accounting or bookkeeping categories and each category is assigned a representative number or letter. Then each time the user writes a check or uses the credit card, he or she indicates on the check or credit card form under which of the preselected categories the transaction falls. A computer program is used to process the checks and credit card charges and generates a monthly statement which provides a detailed account of each transaction. The statement identifies *94 to whom the money was paid and the expense category, and sets forth subtotals for each category. The information provided on the monthly statement serves as an accounting record for cash flow, a budgeting document, and an expense analysis report which identifies the nature and purpose of the expenditures. Appellant avers that he spent considerable time, energy, and money developing this system.

In 1977, appellant approached appellee, Bank One, Columbus, N.A. (“Bank One”), and offered to sell his system. Appellant met with representatives of Bank One at various times between 1977 and 1982, and allegedly disclosed in confidence all aspects of his system to them.

Bank One never contacted appellant about purchasing his system. In May 1982, appellant learned that Dean Witter was offering a service known as the “Expense Analyzer,” which was quite similar to appellant’s system. Appellant also learned that Bank One had suggested the idea for the Expense Analyzer to Dean Witter.

Appellant brought suit against Bank One and Dean Witter alleging misappropriation of appellant’s trade secret, unjust enrichment, breach of implied contract, and breach of fiduciary duty. Bank One and Dean Witter moved for summary judgment and the trial court granted their motion. Appellant appealed that ruling to this court.

The premise of the summary judgment motion had been that appellant’s system lacked sufficient novelty to be a trade secret and that this was fatal to all of appellant’s claims. Relying on Dann v. Johnston (1976), 425 U.S. 219, 96 S.Ct. 1393, 47 L.Ed.2d 692, the trial court concluded that appellant’s system was neither novel nor original and that his trade secret claim must necessarily fail. This court noted that Dann was a patent case and we held that the finding in Dann did not necessarily doom a trade secret claim under Ohio law even if it concerned a system identical to that in Dann. Murray v. Bank One, Columbus, N.A. (1990), 64 Ohio App.3d 784, 792, 582 N.E.2d 1124, 1129 (“Murray I”). This court also held that a material issue of fact existed as to whether appellant’s system was substantially similar to the system discussed in Dann. Id. Accordingly, in Murray I, this court held that there was a question of fact with respect to appellant’s trade secret claim and sustained the assignments of error which involved the issue of novelty (the assignments of error regarding appellant’s claims for relief in contract, quasi contract, and tort for breach of fiduciary duty). This court also held that appellant’s claims for relief in contract or quasi contract for the value of the benefit conferred upon appellees by a misappropriation of his system were contingent upon appellant having a property interest in his system sufficient to sustain a claim for misappropriation of a trade secret. However,- this court added that if appellant were seeking relief in contract or quasi contract *95 based solely on the value of his services and the resulting benefit to appellees, such claims were not dependent upon appellant having a property interest in his system sufficient to warrant trade secret status. Id.

Appellees filed a renewed summary judgment motion setting forth two basic arguments responsive to Murray I. Appellees asserted that appellant’s system was not novel and averred that the Expense Analyzer used elements of preexisting systems known and used in the banking industry and that it did not use elements of the Murray system. Appellee’s second basic assertion was that appellant had not provided any services to appellees which decreased the cost of developing the Expense Analyzer; in other words, appellant had not conveyed anything of beneficial value to appellees.

To support their renewed motion for summary judgment, appellees produced affidavits, pleadings, case law, answers to interrogatories, and documentary evidence such as newspaper and magazine clippings, letters, intra-office memos, monthly reports, brochures, information on and examples of similar systems, and copyright documents appellant submitted to the Copyright Office of the United States. Some of the evidence which appellees submitted in support of the renewed summary judgment motion had also accompanied the first summary judgment motion. However, a significant amount of evidence was submitted for the first time on the renewed motion, including all of the affidavits, and several articles from various publications.

The trial court found that appellees had established that the check coding system of the Expense Analyzer was not modeled after appellant’s system, that the system which the Expense Analyzer used was well known in the industry years before appellant approached Bank One with his idea, and that the people who developed the Expense Analyzer had never heard of appellant or his system. The court added that the evidence that appellant had submitted in opposition to the renewed summary judgment motion established nothing beyond the fact that appellant had not obtained any assurance of confidentiality. The court also found that specific facts in support of the claim that appellant’s claim was novel had not been properly established. The court stated that appellant had introduced no proper evidence under Civ.R. 56 to support his quantum meruit claim that Bank One had benefited from appellant’s services. Accordingly, the court granted the renewed summary judgment motion.

Appellant presents three arguments to support his assignment of error. First, appellant asserts that Loc.R. 57 is improper and denied appellant the opportunity to respond to evidence that appellee filed on the deadline date for filing summary judgment material. Second, appellant asserts that Bank One did not sustain its burden of proof. Third, appellant asserts that the summary judgment was awarded prematurely.

*96 Pertinent to appellant’s first argument is Loc.R.

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Bluebook (online)
649 N.E.2d 1307, 99 Ohio App. 3d 89, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 5576, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/murray-v-bank-one-ohioctapp-1994.