Munoz v. State

996 S.W.2d 901, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 4698, 1999 WL 418246
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJune 24, 1999
DocketNo. 11-98-00179-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 996 S.W.2d 901 (Munoz v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Munoz v. State, 996 S.W.2d 901, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 4698, 1999 WL 418246 (Tex. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

OPINION

TERRY McCALL, Justice.

Appellant pleaded guilty to the offense of possession of a deadly weapon in a penal institution, and the trial court assessed his punishment at confinement for four years. In two issues, he complains that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss an untimely returned indictment under former TEX. CODE CRIM. PRO. art. 32.01 (1966). We affirm.

On November 2, 1995, appellant was an inmate at the French Robertson Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice — Institutional Division (TDCJ) when he was “arrested” by an investigator for the TDCJ Internal Affairs Division. The arrest was based on an incident that occurred on April 23, 1995, in the prison. The Jones County Grand Jury indicted appellant on November 18, 1996. Appellant filed a motion on June 23, 1998, to dismiss the indictment under former Article 32.01. The trial court denied the motion, and appellant pleaded guilty.

Former Article 32.01, as it existed at the time of appellant’s indictment, provided:

When a defendant has been detained in custody or held to bail for his appearance to answer any criminal accusation before the district court, the prosecution, unless otherwise ordered by the court, for good cause shown, supported by affidavit, shall be dismissed and the bail discharged, if indictment or information be not presented against such defendant at the next term of the court which is held after his commitment or admission to bail.

The 259th District Court sits in Jones County. TEX. GOVT CODE ANN. § 24.436 (Vernon 1988). The court sits in two terms each year, one beginning on the first day of January and the next beginning on the first day of July. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 24.302 (Vernon 1988). Thus, assuming that former Article 32.01 applies, the indictment against appellant should have been returned no later than June 30,1996.

Appellant argues in two issues on appeal that: (1) the indictment was not timely returned under former Article 32.01 and (2) his motion to dismiss, though filed after the return of the indictment, was timely. We address his issues in reverse order.

Timing of a Motion to Dismiss Under Former Article 32.01

Appellant filed his motion to dismiss under former Article 32.01 after the grand jury returned an indictment against him. The Court of Criminal Appeals has held that former Article 32.01 has no application once an indictment is returned even though it is returned by the grand jury at a subsequent term of court. Tatum v. State, 505 S.W.2d 548, 549 (Tex.Cr.App.1974); Payne v. State, 109 Tex.Crim. 287, 4 S.W.2d 53, 54 (1928). In recent years, however, some of the intermediate courts of appeals questioned the rationale of Tatum and Payne in light of the 1987 amendment to former TEX. CODE CRIM. PRO. art. 28.061 (1989), which provided that a dismissal under former Article 32.01 was with prejudice. Norton v. State, 918 S.W.2d 25 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1996), pet’n dism’d sub. nom, Ex parte Norton, 969 S.W.2d 3 (Tex.Cr.App.1998); [903]*903see Ex parte Knight, 904 S.W.2d 722 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist] 1995, pet’n refd)(questioning the rationale in obiter dictum; the charges against the defendant were dismissed during the pendency of his application for writ of habeas corpus, and the point became moot). Other intermediate courts of appeals continued to follow Tatum, noting that it was the latest case on the subject from the Court of Criminal Appeals. Holleman v. State, 945 S.W.2d 232 (Tex.App.—Amarillo 1997, pet’n ref'd); Wilkinson v. State, 899 S.W.2d 20 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1995, pet’n ref'd).

The Norton court observed that, prior to the amendment to former Article 28.061, the defendant could be reindicted following dismissal under former Article 32.01 and that, “once the effort to obtain an indictment was expended, it was no longer reasonable to dismiss a case and thereby require that the effort to indict be duplicated after refiling.” Norton v. State, supra at 28. The Norton court then found that former Article 28.061, as amended, required a dismissal to be with prejudice when the timing of the indictment failed to comply with the requirements of former Article 32.01. Norton v. State, supra at 29. The Holleman court noted the reasoning in Norton but declined to follow it, holding that former Article 28.061 did not apply until after the court granted a motion to dismiss under Article 32.01. The court held that former Article 28.061 had no bearing on whether an Article 32.01 motion should be sustained. Holleman v. State, supra at 236. The Holleman court also noted that Tatum was the final word from the Court of Criminal Appeals and that Norton had not been subjected to review by that court. Holleman v. State, supra at 235.

The Dallas Court of Appeals held that the 1987 amendment to former Article 28.061 made it unconstitutional under the doctrine of separation of powers. State v. Condran, 951 S.W.2d 178 (Tex.App.—Dallas 1997), pet’n dism’d, 977 S.W.2d 144 (Tex.Cr.App.1998). If the Court of Criminal Appeals also held former Article 28.061 to be unconstitutional, the rationale underlying Norton would disappear, and the supposed rationale underlying Tatum would remain. As noted above, however, the Court of Criminal Appeals dismissed the petitions for discretionary review in both Norton and Condran as improvidently granted. Thus, there seemed to be a split among the courts regarding the continued viability of Tatum.1

Recently, however, the Court of Criminal Appeals has reaffirmed its holding in Tatum that former Article 32.01 has no application once an indictment is returned regardless of the effect of a dismissal under former Article 28.061. Brooks v. State, 990 S.W.2d 278 (Tex.Cr.App., 1999). Thus, we hold that Tatum controls and that former Article 32.01 had no effect on appellant’s case once the grand jury returned an indictment.

Appellant argues that requiring him to file a motion to dismiss prior to the return of an indictment works an injustice against him because it is a rather technical matter and because he was without counsel and not entitled to counsel until after the indictment was returned. As explained in detail below, appellant was not detained in the present case until December 3, 1996. As further explained below, the fact that appellant was not detained renders former Article 32.01 inapplicable to his situation. Thus, appellant’s argument concerning his ability to understand the requirements of former Article 32.01 without representa[904]*904tion is interesting, but moot.

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Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, 2003

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996 S.W.2d 901, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 4698, 1999 WL 418246, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/munoz-v-state-texapp-1999.