Munford v. Peeples

108 S.E. 454, 152 Ga. 31, 1921 Ga. LEXIS 4
CourtSupreme Court of Georgia
DecidedSeptember 13, 1921
DocketNo. 2193
StatusPublished
Cited by22 cases

This text of 108 S.E. 454 (Munford v. Peeples) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Munford v. Peeples, 108 S.E. 454, 152 Ga. 31, 1921 Ga. LEXIS 4 (Ga. 1921).

Opinion

Hill, J.

(After stating the foregoing facts.)

1. The first question to be considered is, what estate did Mrs. [36]*36Peeples take in the stock bequeathed by the fifth item of testator’s will ? Did she take a life-estate only; or did she take an absolute-, or defeasible fee ? Considering first the language of item 5 alone, it will be observed that R. S. Munford was created trustee for testator’s . daughter, Lewis Munford Peeples, alone. The trustee is not expressly declared trustee for any one- else, in this item of the will. It confers on the named trustee “full and complete control” of the stock, with the exclusive right and authority to vote it at all stockholders’ meetings, and to sell it “ as in his judgment may be best for the- interests of all concerned,” etc. This item also provides that the banlc stock may be sold at the instance of the cestui que trust and upon her written request, which was done, and the bequest as to that stock is not under consideration here. The trustee is directed, in item 5, to pay to Mrs. Peeples, “ or to the heirs of her body should she be dead, all dividends that may accrue upon said shares of stock, and the proceeds of any sale that he may make of same, to be hers or theirs, as the case may be, absolutely.” It is further provided’ that should testator’s daughter, Mrs. Peeples, “ die leaving no issue of her body, children, or children of deceased children, before the executing of the trust herein created, then the stock herein bequeathed to my son, Robert S. Munford, as trustee, or the residue thereof should any have been sold, shall be and become the property of the said Robert S. Mun-ford, absolutely.” What estate, then, did Mrs. Peeples take in the property bequeathed under this item of the will? Nowhere in this item does the testator expressly give the stock to his daughter “ for life,” nor does he use language of similar import. It will be observed in this connection that by item 6 of his will the testator gives, devises, and bequeathes to his daughter, Mrs. Peeples, in trust, “for and during her natural life, for the joint use and benefit of herself and children, including the children she now has, as well as those that may hereafter be born to her,” certain lands, city propert3, and personal property. At the end of this item (6) the testator again alludes to the real estate mentioned in this item, and provides that on the death of his daughter all of the real estate “ devised and bequeathed to her, in trust for herself and children during her natural life, shall vest in, and is hereby devised and bequeathed in fee simple, to the children of my said daughter who may survive her,” etc. In item 10 of the will the [37]*37testator again provides that the “ property bequeathed and devised to my daughter, Lewis Munford Peeples, in trust for herself and her children, during her natural life” (italics ours), shall not “be sold by her for reinvestment or any other purpose.” Considering these expressions of limitation for life in the items of the will other than item 5, that is, the limitation of the property devised to the daughter in trust for life, and considering that there is no such express limitation for life in item 5, as to the. stock bequeathed, it is convincing to our minds that the testator did not intend that his bequest of the stock in the Etowah Mining Company to his daughter, in item 5 of the will, should be for her life only. In item 5 the stock is given in trust for Mrs. Peeples without limiting it to her life, but it is expressly provided that the trustee has the right to .sell the stock as in his judgment may be best for the interest of all parties concerned, and pay the proceeds thereof to her or them as the case may be, absolutely. It is true that the testator directs the trustee to pay the cestui que trust, Mrs. Peeples, or to the heirs of her body shoidd she be dead, all dividends that may accrue upon the shares of stock, etc., but we do not think that this language will cut down the original gift, even if this refers to the mining; stock (which we construe to be an absolute fee), to a life-estate, or to a base or defeasible fee.

The general rule is that courts will not by construction reduce an estate once devised absolutely in fee, by limitations contained in subsequent parts of the will, unless the intention to limit the devise is clearly and unmistakably manifest. Smith v. Slade 151 Ga. 176 (106 S. E. 106), and cases cited; Wilcher v. Walker, 144 Ga. 526, 529 (87 S. E. 671). We are of the opinion that the intention of the testator to limit the devise to his daughter to a life-estate is not clearly and unmistakably manifest in his will.. The bequest in item 5 is to E. S. Munford, as trustee for Mrs. Peeples, of the Etowah Development Co. stock, and to no other person. The language of the testator as expressed in the first part of this item was sufficient to vest in Mrs. Peeples the fee to the mining stock. The question- arises, does the subsequent language directing the trustee to pay Mrs. Peeples, “or to the heirs of her body should she be dead/'’ the dividends accruing on the stock, and the proceeds of the sale thereof, to be hers or theks absolutely, cut down the estate from an absolute fee to a lesser estate ? [38]*38We do not tliink so. Certainly not in the absence of some clause clearly limiting the interest of Mrs. Peeples to less than a fee. It is true that under § 3660’ of the Civil Code of 1910, limitations over to “ heirs,” ■ “ heirs of the body,” “ lineal heirs,” “ lawful heirs,” “issue,” or words of like import, shall be held to mean children, whether the parents be alive or dead; and under such words, children and the descendents of deceased children, by-representation, in being at the time of the vesting of the estate, shall take an estate in remainder. But in such case there must be a previous life-estate in the parent. But here the testator has not expressly bequeathed the stock in trust for Mrs. Peeples for and during her natural life, and at her death the remainder to her children. Had he done so, undoubtedly Mrs. Peeples would have taken only a life-estate, and on her death, leaving children surviving her, they would take the stock as remaindermen. But such is not the case. And this conclusion is borne out by the use of the language of the testator in other items of the will, with reference to other and different property devised, where the language creating a life-estate in Mrs. Peeples, with remainder over, is clear and unmistakable. It would have been as easy for the testator, by item 5, to create a life-estate in Mrs. Peeples in the mining stock, with remainder over, if he had so intended, as he did so clearly in items 6 and 10 of the will, where he expressly created a life-estate in Mrs. Peeples as trustee, with remainder over to her children, etc. See Craig v. Ambrose, 80 Ga. 134, 136, 137 (4 S. E. 1), where the devise was to a certain woman and “her bodily heirs.” It was held that at the death of the testator the fee vested in the woman. “A devise of real estate to ‘A or his heirs,’ gives to A. an estate in fee, the word or’ being read and.’” Hawkins on Wills, 180. An owner of land executed a deed to certain land to a named woman “ and her bodily heirs.” “This is to be distinctly understood: that this twenty acres is all that she will get of lot Ho.

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Bluebook (online)
108 S.E. 454, 152 Ga. 31, 1921 Ga. LEXIS 4, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/munford-v-peeples-ga-1921.