1 WO 2 3 4 5
9 Anthony Mumphrey, No. CV-23-00923-PHX-ROS
10 Plaintiff, ORDER
11 v.
12 Good Neighbor Community Services LLC, et al., 13 Defendants. 14 15 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs 16 (“Motion”) (Doc. 15) seeking $4,400 in fees and $5,000 in costs. 18 Plaintiff filed this suit for unpaid overtime wages under the Fair Labor Standards 19 Act (“FLSA”). (Doc. 1). Defendants were properly served, (Docs. 7, 8, and 9), but failed 20 to answer or otherwise participate in the action. The Court granted default judgment 21 against Defendants in the amount of $2,430. (Docs. 13 and 14). 24 Plaintiff requests $4,400 in attorneys’ fees and $5,000 in costs in accordance with 25 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54, Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2, and 26 29 U.S.C. § 216(b)—the FLSA’s fee-shifting provision that “provides for attorney fees and 27 costs to a successful plaintiff.” Haworth v. State of Nev., 56 F.3d 1048, 1050 n.1 (9th Cir. 28 1995). The Court finds Plaintiff is eligible for, and entitled to, attorneys’ fees. 1 The FLSA requires courts to award reasonable attorneys’ fees to successful 2 plaintiffs. 29 U.S.C. § 216(b); see also Houser v. Matson, 447 F.2d 860, 863 (9th Cir. 3 1971) (“[The statute] provides that an award of attorney’s fee ‘shall’ be made to the 4 successful plaintiff. The award of an attorney’s fee is mandatory.”). As the prevailing 5 party in the present FLSA action, (Docs. 13 and 14), Plaintiff is entitled to an award of 6 attorneys’ fees. 7 Plaintiff argues he is entitled to attorney fees incurred in preparing the Motion for 8 Attorneys’ Fees and Costs. (Doc. 15 at 2-3). Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2(c)(2) 9 requires a plaintiff claiming “entitlement to fees for preparing the motion and 10 memorandum for award of attorneys’ fees” and costs “must cite the applicable legal 11 authority supporting” the request. Plaintiff cites Pure Wafer, Inc. v. City of Prescott as 12 support for the proposition that a “party that is entitled to an award of attorney fees is 13 entitled to compensation for time expended on an application for attorney’s fees.” (Doc. 14 15 at 2-3) (citing No. 13-08236, 2014 WL 3797850 at *11). The Ninth Circuit has noted 15 “federal courts, including our own, have uniformly held that time spent in establishing the 16 entitlement to and amount of the fee is compensable.” In re Nucorp Energy, Inc., 764 F.2d 17 655, 659-60 (9th Cir. 1985). And, more specifically, fees incurred in preparing fees 18 motions have been awarded in other FLSA cases within the District of Arizona. See, e.g., 19 Gary v. Carbon Cycle Ariz. LLC, 398 F. Supp. 3d 468 (D. Ariz. 2019). 20 The Court finds Plaintiff is entitled to recover fees, including those incurred in 21 preparing the present Motion. 23 While the FLSA mandates an award of attorneys’ fees to a successful plaintiff, 24 29 U.S.C. § 216(b), “the amount of the award is within the discretion of the court,” Houser 25 v. Matson, 447 F.2d 860, 863 (9th Cir. 1971). Courts “employ the ‘lodestar’ method to 26 determine a reasonable attorney’s fees award.” Kelly v. Wengler, 822 F.3d 1085, 1099 (9th 27 Cir. 2016) (citing Fischer v. SJB–P.D. Inc., 214 F.3d 1115, 1119 (9th Cir. 2000)). The 28 lodestar figure is calculated by “multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on 1 a case by a reasonable hourly rate.” Id. 2 After calculating the lodestar figure, a Court may reduce or increase the award based 3 on a variety of factors. Those factors include: (1) the time and labor required, (2) the 4 novelty and difficulty of the legal questions involved, (3) the skill required to perform the 5 legal service properly, (4) other employment precluded due to acceptance of the case, (5) 6 the customary fee, (6) whether the fee is fixed or contingent, (7) time limitations imposed 7 by the client or the circumstances, (8) the amount involved and the results obtained, (9) the 8 experience, reputation, and ability of the attorneys, (10) the ‘undesirability’ of the case, 9 (11) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client, and (12) awards 10 in similar cases. Kerr v. Screen Extras Guild, Inc., 526 F.2d 67, 70 (9th Cir. 1975) (“Kerr 11 factors”).1 Some of these factors are normally subsumed in the lodestar calculation such 12 that they need not be considered again after the lodestar is determined. See Gonzalez v. 13 City of Maywood, 729 F.3d 1196, 1209 (9th Cir. 2013) (identifying factors often considered 14 when calculating lodestar). 15 A. Hourly Rates 16 The first question is whether Plaintiff’s asserted rate is reasonable. “A reasonable 17 hourly rate is ordinarily the prevailing market rate in the relevant community.” Sw. Fair 18 Hous. Council v. WG Scottsdale LLC, No. 19-00180, 2022 WL 16715613 at *3 (D. Ariz. 19 Nov. 4, 2022) (citing Kelly, 822 F.3d at 1099). And “the burden is on the fee applicant to 20 produce satisfactory evidence—in addition to the attorney’s own affidavits—that the 21 requested rates are in line with those prevailing in the community for similar services by 22 lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience, and reputation.” Blum v. Stenson, 465 23 U.S. 886, 895 n.11 (1984). 24 Plaintiff’s counsel, Jason Barrat, is a partner at Weiler Law PLLC with 11.5 years’ 25 experience as a litigator, almost exclusively handling FLSA cases. (Doc. 15 at 7, Doc. 15- 26 1). Plaintiff asserts a $400 billing rate for Mr. Barrat. (Doc 15 at 6). Plaintiff supports his 27 1 Local Rule 54.2 also lists factors the Court must address when determining the 28 reasonableness of the requested award. These factors are largely duplicative of the Kerr factors. 1 proffered rate with an affidavit from Mr. Barrat outlining his experience and stating the 2 $400 rate is reasonable, (Doc 15-1), a collection of rate determinations in other FLSA cases 3 in the District of Arizona for attorneys with similar experience, (Doc. 15 at 8-9), and an 4 expert report opining Mr. Barrat’s $400 billing rate is “well in line with other rates 5 approved by the Court,” (Doc 15-3). 6 In his affidavit, Mr. Barrat claims he has practiced law for over ten years and has 7 litigated approximately 200 employment-related lawsuits in that time. (Doc. 15-1 at 2-3). 8 Mr. Barrat asserts he acted as lead counsel for this matter and was responsible for the “day- 9 to-day activities of the lawsuit,” including case strategy, correspondence, and drafting 10 pleadings and motions. (Doc. 15-1 at 3). 11 In a 2019 FLSA case within the District of Arizona, the court approved Mr. Barrat’s 12 then-$325 per hour rate as reasonable. Gary v. Carbon Cycle Ariz. LLC, 398 F. Supp. 3d 13 468, 486 (D. Ariz. 2019). Roughly four years and 130 lawsuits later, Mr. Barrat’s rate has 14 risen to $400. 15 According to Mr.
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1 WO 2 3 4 5
9 Anthony Mumphrey, No. CV-23-00923-PHX-ROS
10 Plaintiff, ORDER
11 v.
12 Good Neighbor Community Services LLC, et al., 13 Defendants. 14 15 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs 16 (“Motion”) (Doc. 15) seeking $4,400 in fees and $5,000 in costs. 18 Plaintiff filed this suit for unpaid overtime wages under the Fair Labor Standards 19 Act (“FLSA”). (Doc. 1). Defendants were properly served, (Docs. 7, 8, and 9), but failed 20 to answer or otherwise participate in the action. The Court granted default judgment 21 against Defendants in the amount of $2,430. (Docs. 13 and 14). 24 Plaintiff requests $4,400 in attorneys’ fees and $5,000 in costs in accordance with 25 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54, Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2, and 26 29 U.S.C. § 216(b)—the FLSA’s fee-shifting provision that “provides for attorney fees and 27 costs to a successful plaintiff.” Haworth v. State of Nev., 56 F.3d 1048, 1050 n.1 (9th Cir. 28 1995). The Court finds Plaintiff is eligible for, and entitled to, attorneys’ fees. 1 The FLSA requires courts to award reasonable attorneys’ fees to successful 2 plaintiffs. 29 U.S.C. § 216(b); see also Houser v. Matson, 447 F.2d 860, 863 (9th Cir. 3 1971) (“[The statute] provides that an award of attorney’s fee ‘shall’ be made to the 4 successful plaintiff. The award of an attorney’s fee is mandatory.”). As the prevailing 5 party in the present FLSA action, (Docs. 13 and 14), Plaintiff is entitled to an award of 6 attorneys’ fees. 7 Plaintiff argues he is entitled to attorney fees incurred in preparing the Motion for 8 Attorneys’ Fees and Costs. (Doc. 15 at 2-3). Local Rule of Civil Procedure 54.2(c)(2) 9 requires a plaintiff claiming “entitlement to fees for preparing the motion and 10 memorandum for award of attorneys’ fees” and costs “must cite the applicable legal 11 authority supporting” the request. Plaintiff cites Pure Wafer, Inc. v. City of Prescott as 12 support for the proposition that a “party that is entitled to an award of attorney fees is 13 entitled to compensation for time expended on an application for attorney’s fees.” (Doc. 14 15 at 2-3) (citing No. 13-08236, 2014 WL 3797850 at *11). The Ninth Circuit has noted 15 “federal courts, including our own, have uniformly held that time spent in establishing the 16 entitlement to and amount of the fee is compensable.” In re Nucorp Energy, Inc., 764 F.2d 17 655, 659-60 (9th Cir. 1985). And, more specifically, fees incurred in preparing fees 18 motions have been awarded in other FLSA cases within the District of Arizona. See, e.g., 19 Gary v. Carbon Cycle Ariz. LLC, 398 F. Supp. 3d 468 (D. Ariz. 2019). 20 The Court finds Plaintiff is entitled to recover fees, including those incurred in 21 preparing the present Motion. 23 While the FLSA mandates an award of attorneys’ fees to a successful plaintiff, 24 29 U.S.C. § 216(b), “the amount of the award is within the discretion of the court,” Houser 25 v. Matson, 447 F.2d 860, 863 (9th Cir. 1971). Courts “employ the ‘lodestar’ method to 26 determine a reasonable attorney’s fees award.” Kelly v. Wengler, 822 F.3d 1085, 1099 (9th 27 Cir. 2016) (citing Fischer v. SJB–P.D. Inc., 214 F.3d 1115, 1119 (9th Cir. 2000)). The 28 lodestar figure is calculated by “multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on 1 a case by a reasonable hourly rate.” Id. 2 After calculating the lodestar figure, a Court may reduce or increase the award based 3 on a variety of factors. Those factors include: (1) the time and labor required, (2) the 4 novelty and difficulty of the legal questions involved, (3) the skill required to perform the 5 legal service properly, (4) other employment precluded due to acceptance of the case, (5) 6 the customary fee, (6) whether the fee is fixed or contingent, (7) time limitations imposed 7 by the client or the circumstances, (8) the amount involved and the results obtained, (9) the 8 experience, reputation, and ability of the attorneys, (10) the ‘undesirability’ of the case, 9 (11) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client, and (12) awards 10 in similar cases. Kerr v. Screen Extras Guild, Inc., 526 F.2d 67, 70 (9th Cir. 1975) (“Kerr 11 factors”).1 Some of these factors are normally subsumed in the lodestar calculation such 12 that they need not be considered again after the lodestar is determined. See Gonzalez v. 13 City of Maywood, 729 F.3d 1196, 1209 (9th Cir. 2013) (identifying factors often considered 14 when calculating lodestar). 15 A. Hourly Rates 16 The first question is whether Plaintiff’s asserted rate is reasonable. “A reasonable 17 hourly rate is ordinarily the prevailing market rate in the relevant community.” Sw. Fair 18 Hous. Council v. WG Scottsdale LLC, No. 19-00180, 2022 WL 16715613 at *3 (D. Ariz. 19 Nov. 4, 2022) (citing Kelly, 822 F.3d at 1099). And “the burden is on the fee applicant to 20 produce satisfactory evidence—in addition to the attorney’s own affidavits—that the 21 requested rates are in line with those prevailing in the community for similar services by 22 lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience, and reputation.” Blum v. Stenson, 465 23 U.S. 886, 895 n.11 (1984). 24 Plaintiff’s counsel, Jason Barrat, is a partner at Weiler Law PLLC with 11.5 years’ 25 experience as a litigator, almost exclusively handling FLSA cases. (Doc. 15 at 7, Doc. 15- 26 1). Plaintiff asserts a $400 billing rate for Mr. Barrat. (Doc 15 at 6). Plaintiff supports his 27 1 Local Rule 54.2 also lists factors the Court must address when determining the 28 reasonableness of the requested award. These factors are largely duplicative of the Kerr factors. 1 proffered rate with an affidavit from Mr. Barrat outlining his experience and stating the 2 $400 rate is reasonable, (Doc 15-1), a collection of rate determinations in other FLSA cases 3 in the District of Arizona for attorneys with similar experience, (Doc. 15 at 8-9), and an 4 expert report opining Mr. Barrat’s $400 billing rate is “well in line with other rates 5 approved by the Court,” (Doc 15-3). 6 In his affidavit, Mr. Barrat claims he has practiced law for over ten years and has 7 litigated approximately 200 employment-related lawsuits in that time. (Doc. 15-1 at 2-3). 8 Mr. Barrat asserts he acted as lead counsel for this matter and was responsible for the “day- 9 to-day activities of the lawsuit,” including case strategy, correspondence, and drafting 10 pleadings and motions. (Doc. 15-1 at 3). 11 In a 2019 FLSA case within the District of Arizona, the court approved Mr. Barrat’s 12 then-$325 per hour rate as reasonable. Gary v. Carbon Cycle Ariz. LLC, 398 F. Supp. 3d 13 468, 486 (D. Ariz. 2019). Roughly four years and 130 lawsuits later, Mr. Barrat’s rate has 14 risen to $400. 15 According to Mr. Barrat, his $400 rate is commensurate with his experience level 16 and is “well within the standard hourly rates charged by other law firms in the Phoenix 17 Metropolitan Area, particularly given the skill level and time commitment required to 18 successfully litigate a FLSA lawsuit.” (Doc. 15-1 at 4). The submitted expert report 19 (prepared for and submitted in another matter) seeks to bolster the $400 rate’s 20 reasonableness by analyzing comparator billing rates in FLSA cases filed in the District of 21 Arizona in the past ten years. (Doc. 15-3). The report posits a mean billing rate of $406.26 22 and a median rate of $389.19 in similar cases. (Doc. 15-3 at 5-6). The report concludes 23 Mr. Barrat’s $400 billing rate is reasonable for an attorney of his skill level in an FLSA 24 case in the District of Arizona. (Doc. 15-3 at 6). 25 The Court is persuaded the prevailing rates for FLSA cases in the District of Arizona 26 and Mr. Barrat’s experience support the requested hourly rate. The Court finds the $400 27 hourly rate reasonable. 28 B. Hours Expended 1 Under the lodestar method, the prevailing party is generally entitled to recover fees 2 for “every item of service which, at the time rendered, would have been undertaken by a 3 reasonable and prudent lawyer to advance or protect his client’s interest.” Gary v. Carbon 4 Cycle Ariz. LLC, 398 F. Supp. 3d 468, 486 (D. Ariz. 2019) (quoting Twin City Sportservice 5 v. Charles O. Finley & Co., 676 F.2d 1291, 1313 (9th Cir. 1982)). Courts may “exclude 6 from this initial fee calculation hours that were not reasonably expended.” Hensley v. 7 Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433-34 (1983) (internal quotations removed); see also McKown 8 v. City of Fontana, 565 F.3d 1097, 1102 (9th Cir. 2009) (“In determining the appropriate 9 number of hours to be included in a lodestar calculation, the district court should exclude 10 hours that are excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.”). 11 Plaintiff submits a log of time Mr. Barrat expended on the present case, (Doc. 15-2), 12 and notes that although other support staff spent approximately three hours working on the 13 case at $100 per hour, these fees have been written off in their entirety, (Doc. 15 at 5). The 14 activity log states Mr. Barrat expended 11.1 hours in total, including 2.3 hours researching 15 Defendants and other background information, 1.4 hours drafting the complaint, 1.1 hours 16 drafting the default judgment motion, and 1.9 hours drafting the present fees motion. (Doc. 17 15-2). Having carefully considered the time and labor reasonably required for each task 18 on Plaintiff’s activity log, the Court finds that each of the entries are reasonable. 19 C. Lodestar Figure and Adjustment 20 Having found Plaintiff’s submitted rate and hours reasonable, the Court determines 21 the lodestar figure is $4,400 (11.1 hours at a rate of $400). 22 Despite a “strong assumption that the ‘lodestar’ method represents a reasonable 23 fee,” Corrales-Gonzalez v. Speed Auto Wholesalers LLC, 2023 WL 3981139, at *7 (D. 24 Ariz. June 13, 2023), the Court “has discretion to adjust the lodestar upward or downward” 25 based on the Kerr factors not subsumed in the lodestar calculation, Stetson v. Grissom, 821 26 F.3d 1157, 1166-67 (9th Cir. 2016). Courts must assess these factors and must articulate 27 “with sufficient clarity the manner in which it makes its determination.” Carter v. Caleb 28 Brett LLC, 757 F.3d 866, 869 (9th Cir. 2014). Several of these factors are subsumed in the 1 above lodestar analysis, including the time and labor required by counsel, skill required to 2 perform the legal service properly, customary fees in similar matters, and the experience 3 and reputation of counsel. The Court considers the remaining factors here and finds none 4 justify adjusting the lodestar figure. 5 a. Preclusion of Other Employment 6 Plaintiff avers the case was “not particularly burdensome and did not preclude 7 Plaintiff’s Counsel from accepting other clients.” (Doc. 15 at 5). Plaintiff concedes this 8 factor does not require modification to the lodestar figure. (Doc. 15 at 5). 9 b. Nature of Fee Arrangement 10 Plaintiff asserts he retained counsel on a “pure contingency fee arrangement under 11 which Plaintiff would owe nothing to counsel, and counsel would not have received 12 reimbursement from Plaintiff for attorneys’ fees, were they not to prevail.” (Doc. 15 at 13 10). The Court finds this factor supports awarding the full lodestar amount. 14 c. Time Limitations 15 Plaintiff submits there were no time limitations imposed in this case. (Doc. 15 at 16 10). This factor is neutral. 17 d. Results Obtained 18 “Where a plaintiff has obtained excellent results, his attorney should recover a fully 19 compensatory fee.” Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 435-36 (1983). Plaintiff submits 20 counsel “has obtained excellent results” because “he was awarded his full damages.” (Doc 21 15 at 10). Since the Court awarded Plaintiff all his claimed FLSA damages, this factor 22 weighs in favor of awarding the full lodestar amount. 23 e. Novelty and Difficulty of the Claims 24 Plaintiff submits the “claims were straight-forward” in this case. (Doc. 15 at 5). 25 This factor is neutral. 26 f. Undesirability of the Case 27 Plaintiff argues FLSA cases are generally undesirable because they involve 28 significant financial risk for counsel based on contingent fee arrangements (standard in 1 FLSA cases) and no guarantee of collection on an eventual judgment. (Doc. 15 at 10-11). 2 While the Court agrees that this factor supports Plaintiff’s award of fees, the Court finds 3 this factor does not justify an adjustment to the lodestar amount. 4 g. Nature of the Attorney-Client Relationship 5 Plaintiff has never been represented by Weiler Law PLLC before this case. (Doc. 6 15 at 11). This factor is neutral. 7 h. Awards in Similar Cases 8 Finally, the Court considers awards in similar cases. Plaintiff cites to two cases he 9 argues demonstrate similar awards in similar cases. (Doc. 15 at 11). In Vazquez v. 10 Johnson, an FLSA plaintiff was awarded $11,514 in attorneys’ fees after default judgment 11 based on a $445 hourly rate. No. 22-01720, 2023 WL 4205126 (D. Ariz. June 27, 2023). 12 And in Hetland v. Hirsch, an FLSA plaintiff was awarded $5,188.88 in attorneys’ fees after 13 default judgment based on a $378.75 hourly rate. No. 21-00487, 2022 WL 2953064 (D. 14 Ariz. July 26, 2022). The Court finds these cases are sufficiently similar to the present case 15 to weigh in favor of awarding the full lodestar amount. 16 i. Final Lodestar Adjustment 17 After consideration, The Court determines the Kerr factors do not justify an 18 adjustment to the lodestar amount. 19 D. Conclusion 20 The Court finds Mr. Barrat’s $400 hourly rate and 11.1 hours spent on the case to 21 be reasonable, yielding a lodestar amount of $4,400. No adjustment to the lodestar amount 22 is necessary. Thus, the Court will award attorneys’ fees in the amount of $4,400. 24 In addition to attorneys’ fees, Plaintiff requests $5,000 for anticipated collection 25 efforts. (Doc. 15 at 11). Plaintiff submits exhibits of itemized collection costs incurred by 26 Mr. Barrat’s firm in other FLSA cases—approximately $14,000 in one case, $9,500 in 27 another, and $5,500 in a third. (Docs. 15 at 12-13, 15-4, 15-5, and 15-6). Plaintiff has ably 28 demonstrated his counsel has incurred significant collection costs in these select past 1 matters, including contact and service attempts, obtaining debtor’s examinations, 2 coordinating writs of execution with local authorities, and retaining private investigators. 3 (Docs. 15-4, 15-5, and 15-6). 4 But Plaintiff has not demonstrated that he will incur any specific collection costs in 5 this case. In support of this request, Plaintiff simply states he “will have to initiate 6 collections” which will result in “an additional amount [he] will need to incur.” (Doc. 15 7 at 11-12). Plaintiff cites two FLSA cases within the District of Arizona where his counsel 8 received $2,000 and $3,000 for potential collection costs. (Doc. 15 at 12 (citing Davis v. 9 Shri Hari Hotels LLC, No. 22-00756, Doc. 18 (D. Ariz. Aug. 4, 2022) and Garcia et al. v. 10 Elite Prop. Serv. LLC et al., No. 21-01848, Doc. 25 (D. Ariz. June 7, 2022)). These cases 11 award advance collection costs with little or no analysis. Given the absence of analysis, 12 the Court is not persuaded these authorities support Plaintiff’s request. 13 Plaintiff fails to identify any facts suggesting any of these various collection 14 methods or services will be required to collect from Defendants. Although Defendants 15 failed to appear and participate in this action, this alone does not support a finding that 16 Defendants will resist payment. See Stamper v. Freebird Logistics Inc., No. 22-00155, 17 2022 WL 4448457, at *4 (D. Ariz. Sept. 23, 2022) (citing Farm Credit of Nw. Fla., ACA 18 v. R & B Const. of S. Ala., Inc., No. 08-00439, 2009 WL 4456340, at *5 n.7 (S.D. Ala. 19 Nov. 24, 2009)). The Court recognizes that Plaintiff may incur costs in collecting from 20 Defendants. But any award of collection costs before they are incurred is necessarily 21 speculative. And where the requested collection costs are unsupported by specific facts, 22 as here, an advance award of anticipated collection costs is particularly improper. See, e.g. 23 Stamper, 2022 WL 4448457 at *4 (denying anticipated collection costs as “speculative” 24 and “unreasonable”); F.D.I.C. v. Thornton, No. 12-00218, 2014 WL 4174037, at *4 (M.D. 25 Tenn. Aug. 20, 2014) (finding a $5,000 award for anticipated post-judgment collection 26 costs “speculative and therefore unreasonable” where requesting party did not “explain its 27 anticipated collection efforts”); Farm Credit, 2009 WL 4456340 at *5 n.7 (denying 28 anticipated collection fees where plaintiff did “not link his opinions to any evidence 1 || concerning the financial status or anticipated resistance to collection efforts”); Akula v. 2|| Airbee Wireless, Inc., No. 08-00421, 2009 WL 122795, at *2 (E.D. Va. Jan. 14, 2009) || (denying advance collection fees where “the necessity and amount of future attorney’s fees requested by Plaintiff are too speculative at this point in the collection process’). 5 The Court finds an advance award of $5,000 in anticipated collection costs || unreasonable. Plaintiff is free to seek collection costs or additional attorneys’ fees once they are actually incurred. 8 Accordingly, 9 IT IS ORDERED Plaintiff's Motion for an Award of Attorneys’ Fees and Costs 10|| (Doc. 15) is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART. Plaintiff is awarded $4,400 11 || in attorneys’ fees. 12 Dated this 15th day of December, 2023. 13 fo - 14 C . ES 15 Honorable Ros yn ©. Silver 16 Senior United States District Judge 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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