Mullins v. Mullins

274 So. 3d 513
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedJune 7, 2019
DocketCase No. 5D18-1672
StatusPublished

This text of 274 So. 3d 513 (Mullins v. Mullins) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Mullins v. Mullins, 274 So. 3d 513 (Fla. Ct. App. 2019).

Opinion

BERGER, J.

Robert Mullins appeals a summary final judgment ordering the partition and sale of the residence he and his siblings, Kenneth Mullins and Carla Mullins, inherited from their mother, Sarah Jane Mullins. He argues that the trial court erred when, in ordering the partition, it relied solely on an order determining homestead instead of the directive in his mother's will bequeathing him and his brother Kenneth a life estate in the property and providing Carla with a remainder interest. Robert contends that his mother's will establishes the sibling's interest in the property, not the homestead order. We agree and reverse.

Ms. Mullins died testate in Orange County, Florida, leaving behind her three surviving children, the parties in this case. Her Last Will and Testament devised her homestead property to Robert, Kenneth, and Carla, in equal shares, subject to the following:

A. My sons, Robert F. Mullins and Kenneth D. Mullins shall be allowed to live in the property with the use of the furnishings as long as either one of them desires to live there: and
B. Robert F. Mullins and Kenneth D. Mullins shall each pay a share of the expense of maintaining the property while they are residing at the property, including, but not limited to, ad valorem taxes, insurance comparable to the insurance that I carried on the property during my lifetime, regular ordinary maintenance, and such other expenses as may be necessary to maintain the property in a condition comparable to the condition that it was in at the time of my death; and
C. If either Robert F. Mullins or Kenneth D. Mullins lives in the house for any period of time and then moves the son who moved shall pay a share of the expenses of maintaining the property based upon a pro rata share for the time period that he was living at the house. If both of my sons vacate the house then all of my surviving children shall pay a pro rata share of the cost of maintaining the property until the home is disposed of as agreed by them.

The probate court later entered an order determining homestead (Homestead Order), wherein it determined that the homestead property was properly devised and exempt from administration of the estate or the claims of Ms. Mullins's creditors. The Homestead Order reflects that the homestead property was devised in equal shares to Ms. Mullins's three children, but it neglects to mention the existence of Robert and Kenneth's life estates in the property. The significance of the failure to include the life estates in the Homestead Order is at issue in this case.

Prior to and immediately following their mother's death, Robert and Kenneth resided together on the property. Kenneth alleges that Robert's actions forced him to vacate the property. Currently, Robert resides *516there with two tenants. As a result, Kenneth and Carla filed a complaint to partition the property. They alleged that the siblings own the property in equal parts as corroborated by the Homestead Order. Because Robert had made it impossible for anyone else to occupy the property, specifically Kenneth, Carla and Kenneth asked the trial court to partition and sell the property so that each sibling could receive their just and proper share.

Robert countered that their mother's will established the siblings' interest in the property, not the Homestead Order. He attached their mother's will to his answer to demonstrate as much. In response, Kenneth and Carla amended their complaint. In it they acknowledged that their mother's will gave Kenneth and Robert life estates, but asked, in the alternative, that the trial court extinguish the life estates based on Robert's actions.

Both parties filed competing motions for summary judgment, which were denied. The Honorable John E. Jordan recognized that the three children's equal shares in the property were subject to Robert and Kenneth living in the property for as long as either desired to live there, essentially agreeing with Robert that he and Kenneth possess a life estate interest in the property. Consequently, Judge Jordan found that although Kenneth could seek a partition against Robert, Carla could not because she had no current possessory interest in the property. Ultimately, however, Judge Jordan concluded that he could not enter summary judgment in favor of Robert because Kenneth presented evidence in support of partition and had a statutory right to petition for it. Kenneth and Carla's motion was denied because a genuine issue of material fact existed as to whether equity required premature termination of Robert's life estate so as to permit partition of the property. Specifically, Robert refuted Kenneth and Carla's allegation that Robert made it impossible for Kenneth to exercise his life estate.

Undeterred, Kenneth and Carla filed a second amended motion for summary judgment, claiming that the title report prepared by Commonwealth Land Title Insurance Company confirms that the Homestead Order is the only document that creates title in the property and it does not mention any life estate. This time, the parties appeared before a different judge and the motion was granted. This judge found:

[I]f there is a difference between the will that was admitted to probate and the actual Order Determining Homestead, it was cured by the consent of all three parties to this action as a matter of law, everybody agreeing to it, when the Plaintiff and Defendant executed and filed consents to the form of the Order. Therefore, the Order Determining Homestead entered on February 7, 2011 is entitled to be given the respect it deserves and therefore it controls. All three parties consented to the entry of that Order.

This judge further found that the Homestead Order is presently the only document of record that pertains to the parties' title to the real property. Accordingly, it ordered that the property be partitioned and sold, with each party getting a one-third interest. This was error.

The question for this Court is the impact the Homestead Order has on Robert and Kenneth's interests as set forth in the will. First, Kenneth and Carla assert that the consents to the Homestead Order altered the parties' individual interests in the estate. Second, Kenneth and Carla suggest that the Homestead Order constitutes a title transaction within the meaning of section 712.01(3), Florida Statutes (2011), and thereby extinguished the life estates in the *517property. We disagree. We conclude, as Judge Jordan did in his order denying summary judgment, that the Homestead Order did not eradicate Robert and Kenneth's life estates.

In this case, the siblings all agree that their mother's will granted Robert and Kenneth a life estate in the homestead property. As set forth below, the Homestead Order did not create any new rights, and the consents thereto did not alter the parties' property rights established by the will. "[A]ny person to whom homestead property is devised under a will and who is categorized as an 'heir' in the intestacy statute, regardless of whether that person would be next in line had the decedent died intestate, receives protected homestead property under the Florida Constitution." McKean v. Warburton, 919 So. 2d 341, 345 (Fla. 2005), as revised on denial of reh'g (Jan.

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Bluebook (online)
274 So. 3d 513, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mullins-v-mullins-fladistctapp-2019.