PD-0792-15 June 29, 2015 NO. -------
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS
SHAUN RAY MULLINAX, Appellant
vs.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
APPELLANT'S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
On Appeal No. 02-14-00237-CR From the Court of Appeals for the Second Judicial District at Fort Worth, Texas
Robert Sirianni, Esq. Counsel of Record Law Office of Robert L. Sirianni, Jr. 200 North New York Avenue Suite 201 Winter Park, Florida 32789 (407) 388-1900 Counsel for Petitioner TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES ................................................................................ ii
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT ........................................... 2
STATEMENT OF THE CASE ..................................................................2
STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY ................................................... 6
GROUND FOR REVIEW NUMBER ONE ......................................................... 7
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN HOLDING THAT THE APPELLANT FAILED TO TIMELY OBJECT TO THE COURT'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE TESTIMONY TO THE JURY AS REQUESTED.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF ......................................................................................... 9
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ............................................................................ 10
APPENDIX [Opinion] ......................................................................................... 11
i INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES:
Marin v. State , 851 S.W.2d 275 (Tex.Crim.App. 1993) ...................................... 8
Blue v. State , 41 S.W.3d 129, 131 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000) .................................. 8
TEXAS RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE
Rule 66.3(b).................................................................................................. 7
TEXAS RULES OF EVIDENCE
Rule 103 (d).................................................................................................. 8
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
AMENDMENT V, VI ................................................................................. 8
TEXAS CONSTITUTION
Article I, Section 10, 13 .............................................................................. 8
ii IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF TEXAS
SHAUN RAY MULLINAX, Appellant vs.
TO THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS:
Appellant, SHAWN MULLINAX, respectfully submits this Petition for
Discretionary Review and moves that this Honorable Court grant review of this
cause and offers the following in support thereof: STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
The Appellant does not request oral argument in this case.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On November 8, 2012, Z. M., a sixth grader, approached his school counselor
and reported that his father became angry and struck him after he failed to do the
dishes. RR. Vol. 2 at 104. The incident occurred the prior evening, after Z. M. had
returned from football practice. Id. at 116. Z. M. played linebacker, as well as on the
offensive and defensive line, and on several occasions returned from practice with
bruises on his forearms. Id. at 174-75, 206.
The school counselor observed that Z. M. had bruises on his left arm and a
bump on his head, but did not testify as to whether or not those injuries could have
been sustained during football practice. Id. at 93. Z. M. called his mother, who was
divorced from Mr. Mullinax. Id. at 132, 149. His mother drove from Floresville,
retrieved Z. M., and took him the Wise County Sheriff’s Office to file a report. Id. at
135-36.
On direct examination, Z. M. testified about a number of different uncharged
and unsubstantiated instances where his father abused him, including one incident
where his father pushed him on the bed, wrapped his hands around his neck, and
threatened to strangle him. RR. Vo. 2 at 108-12. Z. M. testified that his father would
2 punch him once a month. Id. at 109. Z. M. also testified that he feared he would be
seriously hurt or killed as a result of these uncharged acts. Id. at 111. Z. M. admitted
on cross-examination that he never reported these instances, and no other witness
substantiated his testimony regarding these uncharged allegations of prior abuse. Id.
at 114, 117.
Z. M. testified that on the evening in question Mr. Mullinax struck him on the
arm and the head. Id. at 107. The defense also introduced a recording of a telephone
conversation where Mr. Mullinax offered a general apology to his son. Id. at 140.
Mr. Mullinax did not specify in his apology what he did wrong. See id. at 209.
Mr. Mullinax testified in his defense. He denied ever abusing, hitting, or
strangling his son on any occasion. Id. at 209. He admitted that he had disciplined
his son with a belt and spanked him. Id. at 201. He also admitted that he disciplined
his son on the night in question; however, he explained that he did so because Z. M.
had lied to him about having done his homework and cleaned the dishes. Id. at
206.
Mr. Mullinax testified that there was no way he could have struck his son on
his left arm because, since Mr. Mullinax was left-handed, any injury would have been
sustained on Z. M.’s right arm. Id. at 204. Mr. Mullinax testified that he apologized
to his son for the emotional distress the situation had caused, not because Mr.
3 Mullinax had inflicted any physical injury on his son. Id. at 209.
On cross-examination, counsel for the State asked Mr. Mullinax whether he had
been convicted of arson. Id. at 211. Mr. Mullinax admitted that he had. Id. Counsel
for the State asked Mr. Mullinax whether he had been sentenced to two years of
incarceration for violating his probation on that offense. Id. Mr. Mullinax admitted
that he had. Id. Counsel for the State then asked Mr. Mullinax whether he had ever
smoked marijuana. Mr. Mullinax admitted that he had. Id. at 215. Counsel for the
State inquired as to whether smoking marijuana was one of the reasons that Mr.
Mullinax had his probation revoked and was sent to the penitentiary. Id. Mr. Mullinax
admitted that it was. Id.
On recross-examination, counsel for the State again raised Mr. Mullinax’s
conviction for arson, though the subject never arose on redirect-examination, and
elicited testimony regarding the actual circumstances that led to his arrest and
prosecution. Id. at 216. Defense counsel did not object to any of the references of
prior bad act evidence introduced by the State. Because there was no objection, the
evidentiary basis for introducing the extraneous prior bad acts was unclear. However,
in its pretrial notice, the State explained that it intended to introduce the prior bad act
evidence to show that “the character and reputation for being truthful, law abiding,
and peaceful of Shaun Ray Mullinax . . . are bad.” CR. at 19.
4 During rebuttal arguments, the State highlighted the prior bad acts, and
implored the jury to consider the fact that Mr. Mullinax was a convicted felon: “Do
you believe a convicted felon who’s got a lot to lose, or do you believe Z. M.?” RR.
Vol. 3 at 16. The State also highlighted the other prior instances where Mr. Mullinax
purportedly struck his son: “But it’s not an isolated incident. It’s not happened just
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PD-0792-15 June 29, 2015 NO. -------
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS
SHAUN RAY MULLINAX, Appellant
vs.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
APPELLANT'S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
On Appeal No. 02-14-00237-CR From the Court of Appeals for the Second Judicial District at Fort Worth, Texas
Robert Sirianni, Esq. Counsel of Record Law Office of Robert L. Sirianni, Jr. 200 North New York Avenue Suite 201 Winter Park, Florida 32789 (407) 388-1900 Counsel for Petitioner TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES ................................................................................ ii
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT ........................................... 2
STATEMENT OF THE CASE ..................................................................2
STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY ................................................... 6
GROUND FOR REVIEW NUMBER ONE ......................................................... 7
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN HOLDING THAT THE APPELLANT FAILED TO TIMELY OBJECT TO THE COURT'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE TESTIMONY TO THE JURY AS REQUESTED.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF ......................................................................................... 9
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ............................................................................ 10
APPENDIX [Opinion] ......................................................................................... 11
i INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES:
Marin v. State , 851 S.W.2d 275 (Tex.Crim.App. 1993) ...................................... 8
Blue v. State , 41 S.W.3d 129, 131 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000) .................................. 8
TEXAS RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE
Rule 66.3(b).................................................................................................. 7
TEXAS RULES OF EVIDENCE
Rule 103 (d).................................................................................................. 8
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
AMENDMENT V, VI ................................................................................. 8
TEXAS CONSTITUTION
Article I, Section 10, 13 .............................................................................. 8
ii IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF TEXAS
SHAUN RAY MULLINAX, Appellant vs.
TO THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS:
Appellant, SHAWN MULLINAX, respectfully submits this Petition for
Discretionary Review and moves that this Honorable Court grant review of this
cause and offers the following in support thereof: STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
The Appellant does not request oral argument in this case.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On November 8, 2012, Z. M., a sixth grader, approached his school counselor
and reported that his father became angry and struck him after he failed to do the
dishes. RR. Vol. 2 at 104. The incident occurred the prior evening, after Z. M. had
returned from football practice. Id. at 116. Z. M. played linebacker, as well as on the
offensive and defensive line, and on several occasions returned from practice with
bruises on his forearms. Id. at 174-75, 206.
The school counselor observed that Z. M. had bruises on his left arm and a
bump on his head, but did not testify as to whether or not those injuries could have
been sustained during football practice. Id. at 93. Z. M. called his mother, who was
divorced from Mr. Mullinax. Id. at 132, 149. His mother drove from Floresville,
retrieved Z. M., and took him the Wise County Sheriff’s Office to file a report. Id. at
135-36.
On direct examination, Z. M. testified about a number of different uncharged
and unsubstantiated instances where his father abused him, including one incident
where his father pushed him on the bed, wrapped his hands around his neck, and
threatened to strangle him. RR. Vo. 2 at 108-12. Z. M. testified that his father would
2 punch him once a month. Id. at 109. Z. M. also testified that he feared he would be
seriously hurt or killed as a result of these uncharged acts. Id. at 111. Z. M. admitted
on cross-examination that he never reported these instances, and no other witness
substantiated his testimony regarding these uncharged allegations of prior abuse. Id.
at 114, 117.
Z. M. testified that on the evening in question Mr. Mullinax struck him on the
arm and the head. Id. at 107. The defense also introduced a recording of a telephone
conversation where Mr. Mullinax offered a general apology to his son. Id. at 140.
Mr. Mullinax did not specify in his apology what he did wrong. See id. at 209.
Mr. Mullinax testified in his defense. He denied ever abusing, hitting, or
strangling his son on any occasion. Id. at 209. He admitted that he had disciplined
his son with a belt and spanked him. Id. at 201. He also admitted that he disciplined
his son on the night in question; however, he explained that he did so because Z. M.
had lied to him about having done his homework and cleaned the dishes. Id. at
206.
Mr. Mullinax testified that there was no way he could have struck his son on
his left arm because, since Mr. Mullinax was left-handed, any injury would have been
sustained on Z. M.’s right arm. Id. at 204. Mr. Mullinax testified that he apologized
to his son for the emotional distress the situation had caused, not because Mr.
3 Mullinax had inflicted any physical injury on his son. Id. at 209.
On cross-examination, counsel for the State asked Mr. Mullinax whether he had
been convicted of arson. Id. at 211. Mr. Mullinax admitted that he had. Id. Counsel
for the State asked Mr. Mullinax whether he had been sentenced to two years of
incarceration for violating his probation on that offense. Id. Mr. Mullinax admitted
that he had. Id. Counsel for the State then asked Mr. Mullinax whether he had ever
smoked marijuana. Mr. Mullinax admitted that he had. Id. at 215. Counsel for the
State inquired as to whether smoking marijuana was one of the reasons that Mr.
Mullinax had his probation revoked and was sent to the penitentiary. Id. Mr. Mullinax
admitted that it was. Id.
On recross-examination, counsel for the State again raised Mr. Mullinax’s
conviction for arson, though the subject never arose on redirect-examination, and
elicited testimony regarding the actual circumstances that led to his arrest and
prosecution. Id. at 216. Defense counsel did not object to any of the references of
prior bad act evidence introduced by the State. Because there was no objection, the
evidentiary basis for introducing the extraneous prior bad acts was unclear. However,
in its pretrial notice, the State explained that it intended to introduce the prior bad act
evidence to show that “the character and reputation for being truthful, law abiding,
and peaceful of Shaun Ray Mullinax . . . are bad.” CR. at 19.
4 During rebuttal arguments, the State highlighted the prior bad acts, and
implored the jury to consider the fact that Mr. Mullinax was a convicted felon: “Do
you believe a convicted felon who’s got a lot to lose, or do you believe Z. M.?” RR.
Vol. 3 at 16. The State also highlighted the other prior instances where Mr. Mullinax
purportedly struck his son: “But it’s not an isolated incident. It’s not happened just
once. It rose to the level that Z. M. was fearful of his life.” Id. at 17.
The State then sought to shift the burden of proof by arguing that, to find Mr.
Mullinax not guilty, the jury would have to disbelieve the witnesses for the State:
If you were to find him not guilty, you’re saying that Mr. Bates was mistaken or being untruthful when he said the Defendant called him and he said, I'm glad Z. M. had somebody to talk to so this would stop.
Officer Golden, Deputy Reynolds -- Investigator Reynolds, they both believed that an offense has happened. CPS -- CPS would be wrong, law enforcement is wrong, the D.A.’s office is wrong, we're all wrong.
Id.
Then, the State argued that Mr. Mullinax should be convicted because finding
him innocent would place Z. M. in danger:
You’re Z. M.’s safety net. You’re his last hope to keep him from going back to his dad. His dad’s fighting like the dickens to get him. You’re Z. M.’s hope. Please don't let him down and find the Defendant guilty. Thank you.
Id. at 18. Defense counsel did not object to these comments.
In the jury charge, the trial court instructed the jury to only consider testimony
5 regarding other prior offenses “in determining the state of mind of the defendant and
the child and the previous and subsequent relationship between the defendant and the
child, if any, in connection with the offenses, if any, alleged in the indictment in this
case, and for no other purpose.” CR. at 33.
The trial court sentenced Mullinax in accordance with jury’s recommendation
during the punishment phase. Id. at 28-29. This timely appeal follows.
The issues presented are: (1) whether the Court of Appeals failed to conduct
a meaningful legal sufficiency analysis; and (2) whether the Court of Appeals
erred in holding that one of the issues raised on appeal was not preserved for
appellate review because the Appellant failed to voice a timely objection.
STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On May 28, 2015, the Court of Appeals for the Second District entered an
opinion in Case No. 02-14-00237-CR, denying Appellant’s appeal. No motion for
rehearing was filed. This Petition for Discretionary Review was timely filed with
the Court of Criminal Appeals by placing such Petition in the United States Mail on
June 26, 2015
6 GROUND FOR REVIEW NUMBER ONE
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN HOLDING THAT ISSUE TWO RAISED BY THE APPELLANT WAS NOT PRESERVED FOR APPELLATE REVIEW.
The Appellant would submit that the Court of Appeals has decided an
important question of state law in conflict with the applicable decisions of this
Court and, accordingly, this Court should grant review of the case. See Rule
66.3(b), Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. More specifically, the Appellant
would urge that the Court of Appeals erred in holding that the issues raised on
appeal was not preserved for appellate review.
In the Court of Appeals the Appellant argued that reversible error was
committed when the trial court allowed two prior bad acts to come into evidence
during the proceedings below based on the rules of criminal procedure. Such
admission of prior bad acts was harmful because it deprived the Appellant of due
process and a fundamentally fair trial.
The Court of Appeals overruled this issue by stating the Appellant did not
did not object or file a motion for new trial based on the prior bad acts. (Opinion 6).
7 Errors may be raised for the first time on appeal if the complaint is that the
trial court disregarded an absolute or systemic requirement, Marin v. State , 851
S.W.2d 275, 280 (Tex.Crim.App. 1993).
Appellant submits that the two prior bad acts in question did not require
an absolute objection under the code of criminal procedure. Appellant contends
that his due process rights were violated under the Fifth and Sixth
Amendment to the United States Constitution as applied to the states under the
Fourteenth amendment and his right to a fair trial and due course of law under
articles 1 section 10 and 13 of the Texas Constitution.
Although, there was no objection made by trial counsel below, the Appellant
contends that his fundamental due processes were denied. The State presented
evidence of a prior arson and cannabis charge that are unrelated to the current
underlying crime; this fundamental error necessitating no objection for
preservation. Relying upon Texas Rule of Evidence 103(d), this Court of Criminal
Appeals explained in Blue v. State, 41 S.W.3d 129, 131 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000),
that Courts are authorized to "tak[e] notice of fundamental errors affecting
substantial fights although they were not brought to the attention of the court." Id.
Furthermore, as this Court previously stated,
8 "Some rights are widely considered so fundamental to the proper functioning of our adjudicatory process as to enjoy special protection in the system. A principle characteristic of these rights is that they cannot be forfeited. That is to say, they are not extinguished by inaction alone. Instead, if a defendant wants to relinquish one or more of them, he must do so expressly." (Internal citations omitted) (Id).
This error was pervasive in the trial because the two prior crimes were 10
years or older; had no nexus to the current charges; and prejudiced the adjudicatory
process due to the constant reminder by the prosecution during closing argument.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
For the reasons stated above, it is respectfully submitted that the Court
of Criminal Appeals of Texas should grant this Petition for Discretionary
Review.
Dated June 25, 2015
Respectfully submitted,
/s/Robert L. Sirianni, Jr.___ ROBERT SIRIANNI, JR, Esquire Texas Bar Number 24086378 Counsel of Record 201 North New York Avenue Suite 200 Winter Park, Florida 32789 (407) 388-1900 Robert@brownstonelaw.com
9 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
The undersigned attorney hereby certifies that a true and correct copy of
the foregoing Petition for Discretionary Review has been mailed by United
States mail to the following: the Office of Greg Lowry, Criminal District
Attorney, 101 North Trinity, Suite 200, Decatur, Texas 76234.
/s/Robert L. Sirianni, Jr._______ ROBERT SIRIANN, JR., ESQ
10 11 12 13 14 15 16