2020 IL App (4th) 190531-U NOTICE This order was filed under Supreme FILED Court Rule 23 and may not be cited NO. 4-19-0531 May 15, 2020 as precedent by any party except in Carla Bender the limited circumstances allowed 4th District Appellate under Rule 23(e)(1). IN THE APPELLATE COURT Court, IL OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
DANIEL P. MUELLER, ) Appeal from the Petitioner-Appellant, ) Circuit Court of v. ) Sangamon County KAYLA A. CARTER, ) No. 17F434 Respondent-Appellee. ) ) Honorable ) Matthew Maurer, ) Judge Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court. Justices Knecht and DeArmond concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: Petitioner failed to present a complete record for review from the trial court’s denial of his motion for parenting time with his minor child and the court’s judgment is affirmed.
¶2 Petitioner, Daniel P. Mueller, an inmate in the Illinois Department of Corrections
(DOC), appeals from the trial court’s denial of his “motion for visitation” with his minor child in
the underlying parentage proceeding. On appeal, he argues the court erred by (1) denying his
petition for a writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum, seeking an order requiring DOC to bring him
before the court to testify; (2) denying his motion for the appointment of a guardian ad litem (GAL)
to represent the minor child’s interests; (3) failing to interview the minor child in camera;
(4) denying him parenting time with the minor child; and (5) denying his request for free hearing
transcripts. We affirm. ¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 Petitioner and respondent, Kayla A. Carter, are the parents of T.C., born January
29, 2010. In December 2012, petitioner was incarcerated on pending criminal charges. Currently,
he is serving a 30-year prison sentence for first-degree murder.
¶5 In May 2017, petitioner pro se filed a petition to establish parentage of T.C. He
named himself and respondent as T.C.’s parents, alleged that T.C. resided with respondent, and
asserted that there had been no previous finding or declaration of his paternity. Both petitioner and
respondent were self-represented during the entirety of the underlying proceedings.
¶6 In September 2017, petitioner filed a petition for writ of
habeas corpus ad testificandum, asking the trial court to enter an order directing DOC to have him
brought before the court to testify. He did not specify a date he desired to appear in court. Petitioner
also filed a “motion for visitation,” alleging he had been denied visitation with T.C. since
December 2012, that visitations could occur at the correctional facility where he was imprisoned,
maintaining contact with petitioner was in T.C.’s best interests, and that the denial of visitation
was damaging to T.C.’s mental and emotional health. Petitioner asked the court to order respondent
to transport T.C. to visit him in prison twice a month, provide him with pictures of and letters about
T.C. once a month, and inform him of T.C.’s “welfare, academic progress, and current address ***
at least once a month.”
¶7 In October 2017, petitioner filed a motion seeking the appointment of a GAL to
represent T.C.’s interests. He alleged he had attempted communication with T.C. but been denied
all contact. Petitioner asserted that the appointment of a GAL to represent T.C.’s interests was
“necessary and appropriate *** to help avoid the potential for vindictiveness, manipulation[,] and
-2- coercion of [T.C.] by any *** party in [the] action.”
¶8 Relevant to this appeal, the trial court conducted hearings on petitioner’s various
motions on April 19, May 24, and July 8, 2019. The record does not contain transcripts of any of
the hearings. However, the court’s docket entries show that petitioner was present for each hearing
by telephone and that respondent appeared in person. The docket entry for April 19, 2019, reflects
that, following admissions by the parties, the court “establishe[d] [p]etitioner’s paternity of [T.C.]”
It also denied petitioner’s writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum, set the matter for further
hearing, and stated petitioner “may participate by telephone.” On May 24, 2019, the court heard
and denied petitioner’s motion for the appointment of a GAL. Finally, on July 8, 2019, the court
conducted a hearing on petitioner’s “motion for visitation.” The court’s docket entry states
witnesses were sworn and evidence was presented. It shows that the court denied the motion and
awarded respondent sole decision-making authority over T.C. The court’s docket entry further
reflects that petitioner made a “request for a free transcript,” which the court also denied.
¶9 On July 9, 2019, the trial court filed a “Parental Responsibility Order,” in which it
set forth its factual findings and the factors it considered when rendering its decision as to the
allocation of decision-making responsibilities over T.C. and the issue of petitioner’s visitation, i.e.,
parenting time. The court’s decision states as follows:
“[T]he court specifically finds [T.C.] has not seen or heard from his father since he
was one year old. He has not had any relationship or interaction with his father in
8 1/2 years. [Petitioner] was abusive to [respondent] in the presence of [T.C.] When
[petitioner] showed up for parenting time after the party [sic] separation[,] he would
usually be intoxicated and [respondent] would deny the parenting time. [Petitioner]
-3- is serving a 30[-]year sentence for first-degree murder. [T.C.] is unaware that his
father is incarcerated. [T.C.] is happy and actively involved in extracurricular
activities. [Respondent] stated [T.C.] has a relationship with an individual he sees
as a father figure. [Respondent] stated that [T.C.] does not ask or inquire about his
father. She believes it would be harmful for him to learn that his father is
incarcerated and will be there for approximately the next 23 years.
The court denies [petitioner’s] request for parenting time with [T.C.] The
court believes that any parenting time with [petitioner] would be harmful to the
minor child and not in his best interests.”
¶ 10 This appeal followed.
¶ 11 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 12 A. Accelerated Appeal Filing Deadline
¶ 13 Initially, we note that this is an accelerated appeal under Illinois Supreme Court
Rule 311 (eff. July 1, 2018). Under that rule, this court is required to issue its decision in an
accelerated case within 150 days after the filing of the notice of appeal unless there has been “good
cause shown.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 311(a)(5) (eff. July 1, 2018). Here, petitioner’s notice of appeal was
filed on July 26, 2019, and this court’s disposition was due to be filed by December 23, 2019. That
filing deadline has passed. However, we note that petitioner filed numerous motions with this court
on appeal. Significantly, he was granted three extensions of time to file his appellant’s brief.
Ultimately, petitioner’s brief was filed on December 18, 2019, only days before this court’s filing
deadline. Respondent was then given the opportunity to file an appellee’s brief, which she
ultimately elected not to do. Based upon these circumstances, we believe there is “good cause” for
-4- issuing our disposition in this case after the 150-day deadline.
¶ 14 B. Incomplete Record and Petitioner’s Request for Free Transcripts
¶ 15 A second preliminary matter that we must address on appeal concerns petitioner’s
failure to provide a complete record of the underlying proceedings for review.
“[A]n appellant has the burden to present a sufficiently complete record of the
proceedings at trial to support a claim of error, and in the absence of such a record
on appeal, it will be presumed that the order entered by the trial court was in
conformity with law and had a sufficient factual basis. Any doubts which may arise
from the incompleteness of the record will be resolved against the appellant.”
Foutch v. O’Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389, 391-92, 459 N.E.2d 958, 959 (1984).
¶ 16 As stated, the appellate record does not contain transcripts of any pertinent hearing
before the trial court. On appeal, petitioner argues he could not afford the cost of hearing transcripts
and, as a result, the trial court should have granted his request for free transcripts. Alternatively,
he argues that given the accelerated nature of his appeal, the trial court “abused its discretion” by
failing to ensure that hearing transcripts were prepared and transmitted to the appellate court
without advance payment.
¶ 17 First, petitioner does not cite any authority to support his alleged entitlement to free
hearing transcripts. We note that in lieu of presenting a hearing transcript, an appellant may present
a bystander’s report, or the parties may submit an agreed-upon statement of facts. Ill. S. Ct. R.
323(c), (d) (July 1, 2017). In civil cases, “where a verbatim transcript is not obtainable because of
[the] appellant’s inability to pay for it, a bystander’s report of proceedings could, and should be
substituted.” Hall v. Turney, 56 Ill. App. 3d 644, 649, 371 N.E.2d 1177, 1181 (1977).
-5- ¶ 18 Second, to support his assertion that the trial court acted improperly by failing to
ensure that hearing transcripts were prepared and submitted, petitioner cites Illinois Supreme Court
Rule 311 (eff. July 1, 2018), which, as stated, sets forth procedures applicable to accelerated cases.
That rule provides as follows:
“The record on appeal and the transcript of proceedings in a child custody or
allocation of parental responsibilities case shall be filed in the Appellate Court no
later than 35 days after the filing of the notice of appeal ***. Any request for
extension of the time for filing shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the court
clerk or court reporting personnel stating the reason for the delay, and shall be
served on the trial judge and the chief judge of the circuit. Lack of advance payment
shall not be a reason for noncompliance with filing deadlines for the record or
transcript. Any subsequent request for continuance shall be made to the appellate
court on motion with notice to all parties in accordance with rules.” (Emphasis
added.) Ill. S. Ct. R. 311(a)(4) (eff. July 1, 2018).
¶ 19 Although Rule 311(a)(4) does provide that the lack of advance payment will not
excuse compliance with filing deadlines for hearing transcripts, it does not set forth any obligations
or duties on the part of the trial court. Instead, for a hearing transcript to be included within the
appellate record, an appellant must “make a written request to the court reporting personnel ***
to prepare a transcript of the proceedings that [the] appellant wishes included in the report of
proceedings.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 323(a) (eff. July 1, 2017). The court reporting personnel then prepares
the requested transcript and files it with the clerk of the circuit court. Ill. S. Ct. R. 323(b) (eff. July
1, 2017). In this case, petitioner has not asserted that he made a proper request for hearing
-6- transcripts from court reporting personnel pursuant to Rule 323, nor does the record reflect any
such request.
¶ 20 Here, as the appellant, petitioner had the burden of presenting a complete record
for review. However, he failed to present transcripts for any pertinent hearing in his case; avail
himself of an acceptable alternative to the presentation of transcripts, such as a bystander’s report;
establish an entitlement to free transcripts; or demonstrate that he made any proper request for
transcripts from court reporting personnel. Accordingly, any doubts arising from the lack of the
hearing transcripts in this case will be resolved against him.
¶ 21 C. Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus Ad Testificandum
¶ 22 On appeal, petitioner challenges the trial court’s denial of his petition for writ of
habeas corpus ad testificandum. He contends the court erred by denying his petition without
allowing him to present any supporting argument. Petitioner also maintains that the court’s ruling,
which prevented him from appearing personally before the court and resulted in his participation
only by telephone, put him at a “distinct disadvantage” and “caused him severe prejudice.”
¶ 23 Section 10-135 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/10-135 (West 2016))
authorizes the trial court to enter an order of habeas corpus ad testificandum to bring an inmate
before the court to testify. People v. Freed, 328 Ill. App. 3d 459, 466, 766 N.E.2d 253, 259 (2002).
“The decision whether to grant a prisoner reprieve from his imprisonment and allow him to
personally appear in a civil proceeding is within the trial court’s discretion.” Beahringer v. Roberts,
334 Ill. App. 3d 622, 629, 776 N.E.2d 247, 254 (2002).
¶ 24 Here, petitioner sought an order of habeas corpus ad testificandum so that he could
attend some unspecified proceeding before the court and testify. During a hearing in April 2019,
-7- which petitioner attended by telephone, the trial court denied his request. Because there is no
transcript of that particular hearing, the record does not reflect what occurred at the hearing in
relation to the petition, whether petitioner sought to argue his petition and was refused, or the
court’s rationale for its denial of the petition.
¶ 25 As expressed above, because petitioner had the burden of presenting a complete
record, we resolve any doubts arising from the lack of a hearing transcript against him and presume
that the trial court’s denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum was in
conformity with the law. Additionally, we note that the record does show that petitioner was
present by telephone for each hearing. With respect to the hearing on his “motion for visitation”
the record reflects he testified on his own behalf and presented evidence, including exhibits, to the
court. Under these circumstances, we find no abuse of discretion by the court.
¶ 26 D. Motion for the Appointment of a GAL
¶ 27 On appeal, petitioner next argues the trial court abused its discretion by denying his
motion for the appointment of a GAL to represent T.C.’s interests. He asserts respondent had “been
maliciously and vindictively keeping” T.C. from him and, because she and T.C. had conflicting
interests, the appointment of a GAL was necessary to protect T.C.’s legal rights.
¶ 28 The Illinois Parentage Act of 2015 (Parentage Act) provides for the appointment of
a GAL to represent a minor if “the court finds that the interests of the child are not adequately
represented.” 750 ILCS 46/613(b) (West 2016). Additionally, under the Illinois Marriage and
Dissolution of Marriage Act (Dissolution Act), the trial court may, on its own motion or the motion
of a party, appoint an attorney to serve as a minor’s GAL “[i]n any proceedings involving the
support, custody, visitation, allocation of parental responsibilities, education, parentage, property
-8- interest, or general welfare of a minor or dependent child[.]” 750 ILCS 5/506(a) (West 2016). A
trial court’s failure to appoint a GAL is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. In re Marriage of
Ricketts, 329 Ill. App. 3d 173, 182, 768 N.E.2d 834, 841 (2002).
¶ 29 Here, in May 2019, the trial court conducted a hearing on petitioner’s motion for
the appointment of a GAL and denied the motion. Because petitioner failed to provide a complete
record of the underlying proceedings, the record, again, does not show the arguments presented to
the court or the rationale for its decision. Accordingly, petitioner cannot demonstrate error and we
must presume the court properly denied the motion.
¶ 30 E. The Trial Court’s Failure to Interview T.C.
¶ 31 Petitioner next argues the trial court erred by failing to conduct an in camera
interview of T.C. He asserts T.C.’s preferences regarding parenting time should not have been
overlooked and contends that interviewing T.C. would have “greatly aided the trial court” and
resulted in a different outcome.
¶ 32 The trial court may interview a minor in chambers to ascertain his or her wishes as
to the allocation of parental responsibilities. 750 ILCS 5/604.10(a) (West 2016). “[T]he standard
of review on the decision to conduct an in camera interview is abuse of discretion.” In re Marriage
of Bates, 212 Ill. 2d 489, 522, 819 N.E.2d 714, 732 (2004).
¶ 33 Here, the record fails to reflect that either party sought an in camera interview of
T.C. or to have his testimony presented to the trial court in any capacity. Additionally, in its written
order, the court found “nothing to suggest that [T.C.] ha[d] the maturity or ability to express
reasoned and independent preferences as to *** parenting time.” The record contains nothing to
contradict the court’s finding and we find no abuse of its discretion from the lack of an in camera
-9- interview.
¶ 34 F. Parenting Time
¶ 35 Finally, petitioner argues the trial court erred by denying his request for parenting
time with T.C. He contends that maintaining a relationship with him is in T.C.’s best interest.
¶ 36 Under the Parentage Act, the trial court applies standards set forth in the Dissolution
Act when allocating parenting time. 750 ILCS 46/802(a) (West 2016). According to the
Dissolution Act, the court must “allocate parenting time according to the child’s best interests.”
750 ILCS 5/602.7(a) (West 2016). When determining the child’s best interests, the court is
required to consider all relevant factors, including the following:
“(1) the wishes of each parent seeking parenting time;
(2) the wishes of the child, taking into account the child’s maturity and ability to
express reasoned and independent preferences as to parenting time;
(3) the amount of time each parent spent performing caretaking functions with
respect to the child in the 24 months preceding the filing of any petition for
allocation of parental responsibilities or, if the child is under 2 years of age, since
the child’s birth;
(4) any prior agreement or course of conduct between the parents relating to
caretaking functions with respect to the child;
(5) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with his or her parents and
siblings and with any other person who may significantly affect the child’s best
interests;
(6) the child’s adjustment to his or her home, school, and community;
- 10 - (7) the mental and physical health of all individuals involved;
(8) the child’s needs;
(9) the distance between the parents’ residences, the cost and difficulty of
transporting the child, each parent’s and the child’s daily schedules, and the ability
of the parents to cooperate in the arrangement;
(10) whether a restriction on parenting time is appropriate;
(11) the physical violence or threat of physical violence by the child’s parent
directed against the child or other member of the child’s household;
(12) the willingness and ability of each parent to place the needs of the child ahead
of his or her own needs;
(13) the willingness and ability of each parent to facilitate and encourage a close
and continuing relationship between the other parent and the child;
(14) the occurrence of abuse against the child or other member of the child’s
household;
(15) whether one of the parents is a convicted sex offender or lives with a convicted
sex offender ***;
(16) the terms of a parent’s military family-care plan ***; and
(17) any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant.” Id. § 602.7(b).
¶ 37 Additionally, a court may restrict parenting time if, following a hearing, it “finds
by a preponderance of the evidence that a parent engaged in any conduct that seriously endangered
the child’s mental, moral, or physical health or that significantly impaired the child’s emotional
development.” 750 ILCS 5/603.10 (West 2016). On review, the trial court’s decision will not be
- 11 - overturned “unless the court abused its considerable discretion or its decision is against the
manifest weight of the evidence.” In re Marriage of Whitehead, 2018 IL App (5th) 170380, ¶ 15,
97 N.E.3d 566.
¶ 38 Once again, review of this issue is hampered by petitioner’s failure to provide a
complete record of the underlying proceedings. The record shows that in July 2019, the trial court
conducted a hearing on petitioner’s request for “visitation,” i.e. parenting time, with T.C. The
court’s docket entry reflects that witnesses were sworn and evidence was presented. Because
petitioner presented no transcript of the hearing or bystander’s report, we cannot fully review the
evidence presented at those proceedings and petitioner is unable to support his arguments on
appeal with citations to the evidence he believes supports his claims.
¶ 39 In its written order, the trial court did summarize the evidence presented by the
parties and set forth specific findings as to each statutory factor. Ultimately, the court denied
petitioner’s request for parenting time, finding a restriction on petitioner’s parenting time was
warranted under section 603.10 of the Dissolution Act and that parenting time with petitioner was
not in T.C.’s best interest. On this record, petitioner is unable to demonstrate error in the trial
court’s factual findings and the record presented does not show an abuse of discretion.
¶ 40 Additionally, we note that in arguing error on appeal, petitioner relies heavily on
the Second District’s decision in Frail v. Frail, 54 Ill. App. 3d 1013, 370 N.E.2d 303 (1977), for
the proposition that a parent should be deprived of visitation in only very extreme circumstances.
In that case, the court determined it was in the minor children’s best interests to visit their mother
in prison. Id. at 1015. In so holding, the court relied, in part, on an established “strong parent-child
relationship” between the mother and her children. Id. Here, the court’s written order reflects
- 12 - findings of the lack of any significant parent-child relationship between petitioner and T.C. In
particular, the court determined that T.C. had not seen petitioner since he was one year old and
that there had been no interaction between the two in eight and a half years. Thus, the facts as
found by the trial court in this case, which petitioner is unable to contradict due to the incomplete
record, are clearly distinguishable from those presented in Frail.
¶ 41 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 42 For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
¶ 43 Affirmed.
- 13 -