Moya v. Declemente

2011 Ohio 5843

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 10, 2011
• Docket: 96733
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Moya v. Declemente, 2011-Ohio-5843.]

Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 96733

ALISON MOYA PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT

vs.

DAVID DECLEMENTE, ET AL. DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED AND REMANDED

Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court Case No. CV-735956

BEFORE: Boyle, J., Kilbane, A.J., and Sweeney, J.

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 10, 2011 2

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Michael C. Asseff 159 Crocker Park Boulevard Suite 400 Westlake, Ohio 44145

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES

For David DeClemente, et al.

Michael A. Jiannetti 6449 Wilson Mills Road Mayfield Village, Ohio 44143

For Cleveland Metropolitan School District, et al.

Wayne J. Belock David J. Sipusic Legal Counsel Cleveland Metropolitan School District 1380 East 6th Street, Room 203 Cleveland, Ohio 44114 3

MARY J. BOYLE, J.:

{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Alison Moya, appeals from the trial court’s decision

dismissing her claims against defendants-appellees, Cleveland Metropolitan School

District and Cleveland Metropolitan School District Board of Education (collectively

“school district”). Finding no merit to the appeal, we affirm.

Procedural History and Facts

{¶ 2} In September 2010, Moya commenced the underlying action, asserting

battery and intentional infliction of emotional distress claims against David DeClemente

and claims for respondeat superior and negligence against the school district.

{¶ 3} In her complaint, Moya alleged that she and DeClemente were both

employed by the school district as teachers at Almira Academy. She further alleged

that on September 9, 2009, DeClemente entered her classroom and “began to verbally

abuse her and to loudly criticize her teaching abilities in front of the students.” Moya

responded by telling DeClemente to “go ahead and file his grievance,” at which point he

“physically assaulted” her, “striking her on the shoulder and causing injury.” Based on

this incident, Moya asserted that the school district was negligent in hiring and

supervising DeClemente and that it is vicariously liable for the misconduct of

DeClemente.

{¶ 4} DeClemente answered the complaint and also filed a cross-claim against the

school district for indemnification. The school district moved to dismiss Moya’s 4

complaint as well as DeClemente’s cross-claim, arguing that it had blanket immunity to

the claims under R.C. Chapter 2744. Moya opposed the motion, asserting that the

school district’s actions of hiring and supervising its employees was more akin to a

“proprietary function” and therefore an exception to immunity applied. Moya further

argued, in the alternative, that, under R.C. 2744.09(B), her claims fell outside the scope

of immunity because her claims arose out of her employment relationship with the

school district. DeClemente similarly raised this argument in his brief in opposition

to the school district’s motion to dismiss his cross-claim.

{¶ 5} In a detailed journal entry, the trial court found that the school district was

entitled to immunity under R.C. Chapter 2744 and granted the district’s motion to

dismiss. The court specifically found that none of the exceptions to immunity applied,

rejecting Moya’s claim that the school district’s hiring and supervision of DeClemente

constitutes a “proprietary function.” The trial court further rejected Moya’s argument

that her claims arose out of her employment with the school district. Finally, after

finding that the school district is not liable to Moya, the trial court further held that the

school district cannot be liable to DeClemente for indemnification or contribution.

{¶ 6} Upon request of Moya, the trial court subsequently amended its decision,

designating it as a final appealable order by stating that there exists no just reason for

delay under Civ.R. 54(B) and R.C. 2505.02.

{¶ 7} From that decision, Moya appeals, raising the following assignment of error: 5

{¶ 8} “The trial court erred in granting defendants Cleveland Metropolitan School

District and Cleveland Metropolitan School District Board of Education’s motion to

dismiss by improperly applying R.C. 2744.02 analysis to plaintiff’s claims.”

Standard of Review

{¶ 9} A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be

granted is procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint. State ex rel. Hanson v.

Guernsey Cty. Bd. of Commrs. (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 545, 605 N.E.2d 378. It is well

settled that “when a party files a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, all factual

allegations of the complaint must be taken as true and all reasonable inferences must be

drawn in favor of the nonmoving party.” Byrd v. Faber (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 56, 60,

565 N.E.2d 584, citing Mitchell v. Lawson Milk Co. (1988), 40 Ohio St.3d 190, 192, 532

N.E.2d 753.

{¶ 10} While the factual allegations of the complaint are taken as true,

“[u]nsupported conclusions of a complaint are not considered admitted * * * and are not

sufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss.” State ex rel. Hickman v. Capots (1989), 45

Ohio St.3d 324, 324, 544 N.E.2d 639. In light of these guidelines, in order for a court

to grant a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, it must appear “beyond doubt that

the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to

relief.” O’Brien v. Univ. Comm. Tenants Union, Inc. (1975), 42 Ohio St.2d 242, 245,

327 N.E.2d 753. 6

Application of R.C. 2744.09(B) and Sampson Decision

{¶ 11} The gravamen of Moya’s assignment of error is that the trial court erred in

failing to recognize that blanket immunity conferred under R.C. 2744.02(A)(1) does not

apply in this case because R.C. 2744.09(B) governs her claims. R.C. 2744.09(B)

provides as follows:

{¶ 12} “This chapter does not apply to, and shall not be construed to apply to, the

following:

{¶ 13} “* * *

{¶ 14} “(B) Civil actions by an employee, or the collective bargaining

representative of an employee, against his political subdivision relative to any matter that

arises out of the employment relationship between the employee and the political

subdivision[.]”

{¶ 15} Relying on this court’s decision in Sampson v. Cuyahoga Metro. Hous.

Auth., 188 Ohio App.3d 250, 2010-Ohio-3415, 935 N.E.2d 98,1 Moya contends that her

claims are fully excepted from immunity because they are causally connected to her

employment and therefore constitute an exception to immunity under R.C. 2744.09(B).

We find her argument unpersuasive.

The Ohio Supreme Court accepted review of this decision and the case is currently 1

pending. See Sampson v. Cuyahoga Metro. Hous. Auth., 127 Ohio St.3d 1460, 2010-Ohio-6008, 938 N.E.2d 362. 7

{¶ 16} In Sampson, we found that the plaintiff’s claims, including her claim for

intentional infliction of emotional distress, clearly arose out of his employment

relationship, thereby barring the defendant from asserting immunity pursuant to R.C.

2744.09(B). The facts of Sampson, however, are distinguishable from the instant case.

In Sampson, the plaintiff’s claims arose from conduct planned and sanctioned by his

employer, defendant-CMHA. Specifically, Sampson was ordered to report for a

meeting where he, along with some other CMHA employees, were arrested and

handcuffed in front of their co-workers for allegedly stealing. As we noted in the

decision, “CMHA intended this meeting to serve as an example to other employees,

demonstrating that if caught stealing, they too would be placed on display and arrested,

searched, handcuffed, and taken away in a patrol car before hundreds of their fellow

workers.” Id. at ¶35.

{¶ 17} Here, Moya’s claims arise out of alleged misconduct of a fellow teacher.

There are no factual allegations demonstrating that the school district orchestrated such

conduct. Moreover, the allegations of the complaint fail to establish that Moya’s claims

arise out of her employment relationship with the school district. Instead, the claims

arise out of Moya’s relationship with DeClemente. We therefore do not find R.C.

2744.09(B) or Sampson to be controlling.

{¶ 18} Instead, we agree with the trial court that the traditional three-tier immunity

analysis applies to this case. See Colbert v. Cleveland, 99 Ohio St.3d 215, 8

2003-Ohio-3319, 790 N.E.2d 781. And under this analysis, we find that the school

district is entitled to immunity.

{¶ 19} First, there is no dispute that the school district is a political subdivision.

See R.C. 2744.02(A)(1). Second, none of the five exceptions to immunity listed in

R.C. 2744.02(B) apply. Notably, this court, applying the three-tier immunity analysis,

recently reiterated that a claim for respondeat superior does not overcome a political

subdivision’s immunity. See Scott v. Dennis, 8th Dist. No. 94685, 2011-Ohio-12.

Moreover, in the absence of any allegations that the political subdivision exercised its

discretion with malicious purpose, in bad faith, or in a wanton or reckless manner, a

claim for negligent hiring and supervision is barred under the statutory defenses for

immunity contained in R.C. 2744.03(A)(5). See Dennis, supra; Daniel v. Cleveland

Metro. School Dist., 8th Dist. No. 83541, 2004-Ohio-4632. Here, we find that the

complaint, which asserts a negligence claim against the school district for its hiring and

supervision of DeClemente, fails to allege sufficient facts to negate the immunity

defense contained in R.C. 2744.03(A)(5).

{¶ 20} Moya’s sole assignment of error is overruled.

{¶ 21} Judgment affirmed and case remanded for the resolution of the remaining

claims between Moya and DeClemente.

It is ordered that appellees recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 9

It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment

into execution.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

MARY J. BOYLE, JUDGE

MARY EILEEN KILBANE, A.J., and JAMES J. SWEENEY, J., CONCUR