AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed July 29, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-20-00063-CV
MOSHE FELDHENDLER AND LEAH FELDHENDLER, Appellants V. JULIE BLASNIK AND ALL OCCUPANTS OF 6608 CRESTLAND AVENUE DALLAS, TEXAS 75252, Appellees
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 1 Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 001-02486-2019
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Pedersen, III, Goldstein, and Smith Opinion by Justice Goldstein Landlords Moshe and Leah Feldhendler appeal the trial court’s judgment that
they take nothing on their claims against tenant Julie Blasnik. In four issues, the
Feldhendlers argue the trial court erroneously analyzed the underlying property lease
under property code section 92.006(e) instead of section 92.006(f); the trial court
erred in its analysis of paragraph 18 of the underlying lease; assuming the trial court
erred in its interpretation of the law and the underlying lease, the trial court further
erred in finding that Blasnik was not guilty of forcible detainer; and the trial court erred in failing to affirm a prior judgment of the justice court. We affirm the trial
court’s judgment.
On June 28, 2018, the Feldhendlers and Blasnik entered into a Texas
Association of Realtors form residential lease of the underlying property in Dallas.
Among other things, the lease provided that the landlords could apply funds received
from the tenant to non-rent obligations, including repairs, before applying the funds
to rent. Regarding repair requests, the lease provided the following:
Repair Requests: All requests for repairs must be in writing and delivered to Landlord. If Tenant is delinquent in rent at the time a repair notice is given, Landlord is not obligated to make the repair. In the event of an emergency related to the condition of the Property that materially affects the physical health or safety of an ordinary tenant, Tenant may call Landlord or, if applicable, the property manager . . . . Ordinarily, a repair to the heating and air conditioning system is not an emergency.
Regarding repair costs, paragraph 18(D) of the lease provided the following:
(1) Except as otherwise specified in this lease, Landlord will pay to repair or remedy conditions in the Property in need of repair if Tenant complies with the procedures for requesting repairs as described in this Paragraph 18. This includes, but is not limited to, repairs to the following items not caused by Tenant or Tenant's negligence:
(a) heating and air conditioning systems; (b) water heaters; or (c) water penetration from structural defects.
(2) Landlord will NOT pay to repair the following items unless caused by Landlord’s negligence:
(a) conditions caused by Tenant, an Occupant, or any guest or invitee of Tenant; (b) damage to doors, windows, and screens; (c) damage from windows or doors left open; –2– (d) damage from wastewater stoppages caused by foreign or improper objects in lines that exclusively serve the Property; (e) items that are cosmetic in nature with no impact on the functionality or use of the item; and (f) the following specific items or appliances: _____________________.
Blasnik completed a walk-through of the property and filled out a Residential
Lease Inventory and Condition Form. Blasnik made “Move-In Comments” on the
condition of many items in the property, but she did not comment on the condition
of the windows.
After Blasnik moved in, the Feldhendlers received notice from the city that a
window was broken at Blasnik’s apartment and a fence was leaning. The
Feldhendlers had the broken window repaired and sent a bill to Blasnik for $450.
When Blasnik did not pay the bill, the Feldhendlers deducted the amount of the
repair from Blasnik’s rent payment the following month and affixed a notice to
vacate to Blasnik’s door.
On June 25, 2019, the Feldhendlers filed a petition for forcible detainer in
justice court alleging that Blasnik failed to pay for the cost of repair to a broken
window; Blasnik failed to pay the $450 charge; and the Feldhendlers deducted that
amount from Blasnik’s June 2019 rent payment, thereby causing Blasnik’s June
2019 rent payment to be $450 below the total amount due. The Feldhendlers sought
an order granting them the right to possession of the property and attorney’s fees.
The justice court entered judgment for the Feldhendlers and awarded them $450 in
–3– back rent and $121 in court costs. The justice court did not award the Feldhendlers
possession of the property. Blasnik appealed the justice court judgment to Collin
County Court at Law.
At trial in October 2019, Moshe Feldhendler testified the window was not
broken when Blasnik moved in, and Blasnik did not list a broken window on the
inventory and condition form. Feldhendler testified Blasnik did not request repair
of the window, and the window “was required to be replaced by the city after it was
broken.” When asked what provision in the lease required Blasnik to pay for the
repair of the window, Feldhendler indicated the provision that “landlord will not pay
to repair the following items unless caused by landlord’s negligence” and the
inclusion of “damage to the windows” under this provision.
Blasnik testified the break in the window at issue was “in the master bedroom
behind curtains and behind blinds, kind of high up.” The curtains and blinds were
provided by the landlord, and they were in place at the time Blasnik filled out the
inventory and condition form. Blasnik testified that, while she lived at the property,
there had been storms, and she sustained hail damage to her car. At the conclusion
of trial, the judge found in favor of Blasnik and awarded her attorney’s fees.
On November 8, 2019, the trial court held a hearing on the Feldhendlers’
motion for reconsideration. At the outset of the hearing, the trial court noted that the
Feldhendlers argued in their motion that the trial court’s “sole reason” for its ruling
was property code section 94.206. The trial court stated this was “incorrect” and the
–4– trial court “never said that was the sole reason.” Counsel for the Feldhendlers argued
the lease followed the provisions of property code section 92.006(f) for shifting the
responsibility for the costs of repairs from landlord to tenant. Counsel for Blasnik
argued that nothing in the lease required the tenant to “pay for things that were not
caused by the tenant.”
On November 21, 2019, the trial court signed a judgment ordering that the
Feldhendlers take nothing, Blasnik remain in possession of the property, and Blasnik
recover $5892.50 in attorney’s fees. On January 15, 2020, the trial court entered
findings of fact and conclusions of law finding, among other things, that Blasnik
never made a request to have the window repaired, and nothing in the lease required
Blasnik to pay for repairs to the property that were not requested by her and not
caused by her negligence. The trial court concluded, in relevant part, that the lease
did not require Blasnik to pay for the broken window, the Feldhendlers failed to
establish they met the requirements of property code section 92.006, and the lease
did not require Blasnik to pay for repairs to the property that were not requested by
her and were not caused by her negligence, carelessness, accident, and/or abuse.
This appeal followed.
Because it is dispositive of the appeal, we first address the Feldhendlers’
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AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed July 29, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-20-00063-CV
MOSHE FELDHENDLER AND LEAH FELDHENDLER, Appellants V. JULIE BLASNIK AND ALL OCCUPANTS OF 6608 CRESTLAND AVENUE DALLAS, TEXAS 75252, Appellees
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 1 Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 001-02486-2019
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Pedersen, III, Goldstein, and Smith Opinion by Justice Goldstein Landlords Moshe and Leah Feldhendler appeal the trial court’s judgment that
they take nothing on their claims against tenant Julie Blasnik. In four issues, the
Feldhendlers argue the trial court erroneously analyzed the underlying property lease
under property code section 92.006(e) instead of section 92.006(f); the trial court
erred in its analysis of paragraph 18 of the underlying lease; assuming the trial court
erred in its interpretation of the law and the underlying lease, the trial court further
erred in finding that Blasnik was not guilty of forcible detainer; and the trial court erred in failing to affirm a prior judgment of the justice court. We affirm the trial
court’s judgment.
On June 28, 2018, the Feldhendlers and Blasnik entered into a Texas
Association of Realtors form residential lease of the underlying property in Dallas.
Among other things, the lease provided that the landlords could apply funds received
from the tenant to non-rent obligations, including repairs, before applying the funds
to rent. Regarding repair requests, the lease provided the following:
Repair Requests: All requests for repairs must be in writing and delivered to Landlord. If Tenant is delinquent in rent at the time a repair notice is given, Landlord is not obligated to make the repair. In the event of an emergency related to the condition of the Property that materially affects the physical health or safety of an ordinary tenant, Tenant may call Landlord or, if applicable, the property manager . . . . Ordinarily, a repair to the heating and air conditioning system is not an emergency.
Regarding repair costs, paragraph 18(D) of the lease provided the following:
(1) Except as otherwise specified in this lease, Landlord will pay to repair or remedy conditions in the Property in need of repair if Tenant complies with the procedures for requesting repairs as described in this Paragraph 18. This includes, but is not limited to, repairs to the following items not caused by Tenant or Tenant's negligence:
(a) heating and air conditioning systems; (b) water heaters; or (c) water penetration from structural defects.
(2) Landlord will NOT pay to repair the following items unless caused by Landlord’s negligence:
(a) conditions caused by Tenant, an Occupant, or any guest or invitee of Tenant; (b) damage to doors, windows, and screens; (c) damage from windows or doors left open; –2– (d) damage from wastewater stoppages caused by foreign or improper objects in lines that exclusively serve the Property; (e) items that are cosmetic in nature with no impact on the functionality or use of the item; and (f) the following specific items or appliances: _____________________.
Blasnik completed a walk-through of the property and filled out a Residential
Lease Inventory and Condition Form. Blasnik made “Move-In Comments” on the
condition of many items in the property, but she did not comment on the condition
of the windows.
After Blasnik moved in, the Feldhendlers received notice from the city that a
window was broken at Blasnik’s apartment and a fence was leaning. The
Feldhendlers had the broken window repaired and sent a bill to Blasnik for $450.
When Blasnik did not pay the bill, the Feldhendlers deducted the amount of the
repair from Blasnik’s rent payment the following month and affixed a notice to
vacate to Blasnik’s door.
On June 25, 2019, the Feldhendlers filed a petition for forcible detainer in
justice court alleging that Blasnik failed to pay for the cost of repair to a broken
window; Blasnik failed to pay the $450 charge; and the Feldhendlers deducted that
amount from Blasnik’s June 2019 rent payment, thereby causing Blasnik’s June
2019 rent payment to be $450 below the total amount due. The Feldhendlers sought
an order granting them the right to possession of the property and attorney’s fees.
The justice court entered judgment for the Feldhendlers and awarded them $450 in
–3– back rent and $121 in court costs. The justice court did not award the Feldhendlers
possession of the property. Blasnik appealed the justice court judgment to Collin
County Court at Law.
At trial in October 2019, Moshe Feldhendler testified the window was not
broken when Blasnik moved in, and Blasnik did not list a broken window on the
inventory and condition form. Feldhendler testified Blasnik did not request repair
of the window, and the window “was required to be replaced by the city after it was
broken.” When asked what provision in the lease required Blasnik to pay for the
repair of the window, Feldhendler indicated the provision that “landlord will not pay
to repair the following items unless caused by landlord’s negligence” and the
inclusion of “damage to the windows” under this provision.
Blasnik testified the break in the window at issue was “in the master bedroom
behind curtains and behind blinds, kind of high up.” The curtains and blinds were
provided by the landlord, and they were in place at the time Blasnik filled out the
inventory and condition form. Blasnik testified that, while she lived at the property,
there had been storms, and she sustained hail damage to her car. At the conclusion
of trial, the judge found in favor of Blasnik and awarded her attorney’s fees.
On November 8, 2019, the trial court held a hearing on the Feldhendlers’
motion for reconsideration. At the outset of the hearing, the trial court noted that the
Feldhendlers argued in their motion that the trial court’s “sole reason” for its ruling
was property code section 94.206. The trial court stated this was “incorrect” and the
–4– trial court “never said that was the sole reason.” Counsel for the Feldhendlers argued
the lease followed the provisions of property code section 92.006(f) for shifting the
responsibility for the costs of repairs from landlord to tenant. Counsel for Blasnik
argued that nothing in the lease required the tenant to “pay for things that were not
caused by the tenant.”
On November 21, 2019, the trial court signed a judgment ordering that the
Feldhendlers take nothing, Blasnik remain in possession of the property, and Blasnik
recover $5892.50 in attorney’s fees. On January 15, 2020, the trial court entered
findings of fact and conclusions of law finding, among other things, that Blasnik
never made a request to have the window repaired, and nothing in the lease required
Blasnik to pay for repairs to the property that were not requested by her and not
caused by her negligence. The trial court concluded, in relevant part, that the lease
did not require Blasnik to pay for the broken window, the Feldhendlers failed to
establish they met the requirements of property code section 92.006, and the lease
did not require Blasnik to pay for repairs to the property that were not requested by
her and were not caused by her negligence, carelessness, accident, and/or abuse.
This appeal followed.
Because it is dispositive of the appeal, we first address the Feldhendlers’
argument that the lease made Blasnik responsible to pay to repair the broken
window, and the trial court’s judgment to the contrary renders property code section
92.006(f) and paragraph 18(D)(2) of the lease meaningless. In making these
–5– arguments, the Feldhendlers challenge the trial court’s findings of fact and
conclusions of law.
We review findings of fact for factual and legal sufficiency. See Wells Fargo
Bank, N.A. v. HB Regal Parc, LLC, 383 S.W.3d 253, 260 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012,
no pet.). When, as here, a party challenges the legal sufficiency of the evidence
supporting an adverse finding on an issue on which it has the burden of proof, that
party can prevail only if it demonstrates that the evidence conclusively establishes
all vital facts in support of the issue. Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237,
241 (Tex. 2001). We reverse the ruling for factual insufficiency of the evidence only
if the ruling is so against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence as to
be manifestly erroneous or unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex. 1986).
We review de novo the trial court’s legal conclusions based on the findings of fact
to determine their correctness. BMC Software Belgium, N.V. v. Marchand, 83
S.W.3d 789, 794 (Tex. 2002).
Section 92.006(f) of the property code “specifically authorizes the parties to
shift by contract costs of repairs for certain damages from the landlord to the tenant
irrespective of whether the damage was caused by the tenant.” Philadelphia Indem.
Ins. Co. v. White, 490 S.W.3d 468, 481 (Tex. 2016) (quoting Churchill Forge, Inc.
v. Brown, 61 S.W.3d 368, 372–73 (Tex. 2001)). In arguing that paragraph 18(D) of
the lease at issue here required Blasnik to pay for the window repair, the
–6– Feldhendlers cite Churchill Forge extensively. However, the leases in both
Churchill Forge and White provided in relevant part:
Unless the damage or wastewater stoppage is due to our negligence, we're not liable for–and you must pay for–repairs, replacements and damage to the following if occurring during the Lease Contract term or renewal period: (1) damage to doors, windows, or screens . . . .
See White, 490 S.W.3d at 472; Churchill Forge, 61 S.W.3d at 370 (emphasis
added).1 The lease in this case omits the “and you must pay for” language. Thus,
neither White nor Churchill Forge is instructive here because the lease in this case
only states that the landlord “will NOT pay to repair . . . damage to doors, windows,
and screens”; the lease does not specifically require or shift the burden to the tenant
to pay for any repairs to doors, windows, or screens. The parties might have imposed
on Blasnik the responsibility to pay for repairs to doors, windows, or screens, but
they included no such language in the lease. Further, Blasnik did not request the
repair of the window, and there was no evidence presented that Blasnik knew the
window was broken. Instead, the city, a third party not mentioned in the lease,
required the repair. Under the particular facts and circumstances of this case, we
conclude, as did the trial court, that the evidence established the lease did not require
Blasnik to pay for the broken window, the Feldhendlers failed to establish they met
1 The section of the Texas Property Code relied upon by the Feldhendlers also specifically requires language mandating the duty to pay. TEX. PROP. CODE § 92.006(f) (A landlord and tenant may agree that, except for those conditions caused by the negligence of the landlord, the tenant has the duty to pay for repair of the following conditions that may occur during the lease term or a renewal or extension…(2) damages to doors, windows, or screens…) (emphasis added). We therefore decline to find ambiguity. –7– the requirements of property code section 92.006, and the lease did not require
Blasnik to pay for repairs to the property that were not requested by her and were
not caused by her negligence, carelessness, accident, or abuse. See Marchand, 83
S.W.3d at 794. Because of our disposition of these issues, we need not further
address the Feldhendlers’ issues.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/Bonnie Lee Goldstein/ BONNIE LEE GOLDSTEIN JUSTICE
200063F.P05
–8– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MOSHE FELDHENDLER AND On Appeal from the County Court at LEAH FELDHENDLER, Appellants Law No. 1, Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 001-02486- No. 05-20-00063-CV V. 2019. Opinion delivered by Justice JULIE BLASNIK AND ALL Goldstein. Justices Pedersen, III and OCCUPANTS 6608 CRESTLAND Smith participating. AVENUE DALLAS, TEXAS 75252, Appellees
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that appellee JULIE BLASNIK AND ALL OCCUPANTS 6608 CRESTLAND AVENUE DALLAS, TEXAS 75252 recover their costs of this appeal from appellant MOSHE FELDHENDLER AND LEAH FELDHENDLER.
Judgment entered this 29th day of July 2022.
–9–