Morrison v. Wagner

714 N.E.2d 542, 305 Ill. App. 3d 885

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: June 30, 1999
• Docket: 4-98-0497
• Status: Published

Opinions

JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH

delivered the opinion of the court:

In September 1994, plaintiff Ronald Morrison filed this medical malpractice action in the circuit court of Adams County against defendants C.G. Wagner, M.D., a radiologist, St. Mary’s Hospital, Inc. (St. Mary’s), and Michael Feely, M.D., a neurosurgeon. Plaintiff Sharon Morrison filed counts for claims of loss of consortium against each defendant. In June 1997, plaintiffs filed a motion to voluntarily dismiss their case without prejudice, pursuant to section 2—1009 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2—1009 (West 1996)), which the trial court denied “pursuant to [Supreme Court] Rule 219(e)” (166 Ill. 2d R. 219(e)).

On October 6, 1997, St. Mary’s entered into a settlement agreement with plaintiffs, and the court entered an order of dismissal. Trial began on October 7, 1997, and on October 15 the court declared a mistrial as to defendant Feely. Trial resumed as to defendant Wagner, and on October 15, 1997, the jury returned a verdict in favor of Wagner. Plaintiffs filed motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (n.o.v.) and for a new trial. In May 1998, following a hearing, plaintiffs’ posttrial motions were denied.

On appeal, plaintiffs argue that (1) the trial court abused its discretion in denying plaintiffs’ motion for voluntary dismissal prior to trial, (2) the trial court erred in denying plaintiffs’ motion for judgment n.o.v., and (3) the trial court erred in denying plaintiffs’ motion for a new trial. We agree that the trial court abused its discretion in denying plaintiffs’ motion for voluntary dismissal.

I. BACKGROUND

In June 1997, pursuant to section 2—1009 of the Code, plaintiffs filed a motion to voluntarily dismiss their case without prejudice. At the time plaintiffs filed their motion for voluntary dismissal, the case had been pending for three years and was scheduled for trial in just a few months.

Plaintiffs failed to comply with numerous discovery requests over the three-year period until a motion to compel was filed in March 1997. In addition, in March 1997, plaintiffs failed to disclose expert witnesses in violation of court orders. In May 1997, shortly before the motion to voluntarily dismiss was filed, the court entered an order barring the testimony of two of plaintiffs’ opinion witnesses because of plaintiffs’ failure to disclose them in a timely manner. The court, noting the file was “replete with instances of dilatory conduct of plaintiffs’ counsel,” also limited the testimony of two other opinion witnesses.

Defendants St. Mary’s and Feely objected to the motion to dismiss because plaintiffs did not allege that costs had been tendered to defendants. Plaintiffs filed an amended motion in June 1997, alleging that plaintiffs had tendered payment of costs to each defendant. Wagner, not filing an objection to plaintiffs’ motion, filed instead a motion for an award of costs. After a hearing on the amended motion, the trial court denied the motion “pursuant to [Supreme Court] Rule 219(e).” 166 Ill. 2d R. 219(e). This appeal followed.

II. ANALYSIS

The crucial question on appeal is whether the trial court had the discretion, pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 219(e), to deny the motion. We find it did not.

Section 2—1009 of the Code provides as follows:

“(a) The plaintiff may, at any time before trial or hearing begins, upon notice to each party who has appeared or each such party’s attorney, and upon payment of costs, dismiss his or her action or any part thereof as to any defendant, without prejudice, by order filed in the cause.” 735 ILCS 5/2—1009(a) (West 1996).

This court has held this section provides an absolute right to dismissal, “regardless of the nature of counsel’s conduct.” Kilpatrick v. First Church of the Nazarene, 177 Ill. App. 3d 83, 88-89, 531 N.E.2d 1135, 1138-39 (1988); see also Gibellina v. Handley, 127 Ill. 2d 122, 137-38, 535 N.E.2d 858, 866 (1989) (trial court may hear and decide a motion which has been filed prior to a section 2—1009 motion and which, if favorably ruled on by the court, could result in a final disposition of the case. If that prior motion is without merit, the trial court must grant the subsequent section 2—1009 motion).

In Gibellina, the defendants asked the court to correct what they saw as an abusive situation where voluntary dismissal motions were being used to evade the consequences of a failure to comply with discovery. The court, however, refused to deny a statutory right merely because one party was dissatisfied with the circuit court’s supervision of the litigation. Gibellina, 127 Ill. 2d at 133, 535 N.E.2d at 864.

Similarly, in Crawford v. Schaeffer, 226 Ill. App. 3d 129, 135-36, 590 N.E.2d 497, 501 (1992), the court recognized that “under current case law the right to nonsuit is virtually unassailable. Accordingly, we hesitate to impose any restrictions, no matter how warranted by circumstances and policy, absent guidance from the legislature or the supreme court.” (Emphasis added.) Similarly, in this case, absent guidance from the legislature or the supreme court, we cannot impose any restrictions on plaintiffs’ right to voluntarily dismiss.

The case law and statutory enactments reveal that nowhere has the legislature or the supreme court given the trial court the discretion to deny a plaintiffs right to voluntarily dismiss under section 2—1009 under these circumstances. Instead of taking away a plaintiffs right to obtain a voluntary dismissal, the supreme court has instead held plaintiffs accountable for discovery abuses. Accordingly, Supreme Court Rule 219, “Consequences of Refusal to Comply with Rules or Orders Relating to Discovery or Pretrial Conferences,” has been revised to read in part:

“A party shall not be permitted to avoid compliance with discovery deadlines, orders[,] or applicable rules by voluntarily dismissing a lawsuit. In establishing discovery deadlines and ruling on permissible discovery and testimony, the court shall consider discovery undertaken (or the absence of same), any misconduct, and orders entered in prior litigation involving a party.” 166 Ill. 2d R. 219(e).

A close reading of the first sentence of Rule 219(e), above, reveals that this language does not say a party is prohibited from voluntarily dismissing a lawsuit to avoid compliance with discovery. A party may voluntarily dismiss a suit but he must face the consequences which are set forth in the second sentence. In addition, the court may, in the case being voluntarily dismissed, assess expenses heretofore not permitted to be assessed—“an opposing partyfs] or parties!”] reasonable expenses incurred in defending the action including but not limited to discovery expenses, opinion witness fees, reproduction costs, travel expenses, postage, and phone charges.” 166 Ill. 2d R. 219(e).

In Wright v. Desate, Inc., 292 Ill. App. 3d 952, 686 N.E.2d 1199 (1997), the trial court barred the evidence deposition of plaintiffs expert. Plaintiff filed a motion to reconsider which the trial court denied. Approximately one month before trial, plaintiff filed a motion to voluntarily dismiss, which the court granted. Finding the first sentence of Rule 219(e) ambiguous, the court looked to the committee comments. After considering the committee comments to Rule 219(e), the court found that it was clear that it could not interpret the rule “as imposing any limitation on a plaintiffs right to voluntarily dismiss a case”; rather, the rule “merely orders the consideration of prior discovery misconduct and previously entered discovery orders in a subsequently filed suit.” Wright, 292 Ill. App. 3d at 954-55, 686 N.E.2d at 1201-02. Moreover, the court refused to read the rule as requiring, “as a condition precedent to voluntary dismissal, that the plaintiff agree to be bound by prior discovery orders upon refiling the case. Such a condition would clearly impose a limitation on the plaintiffs right to voluntarily dismiss.” Wright, 292 Ill. App. 3d at 955, 686 N.E.2d at 1201-02. Accordingly, it held “that the rule does not limit the plaintiffs right to voluntarily dismiss a suit.” Wright, 292 Ill. App. 3d at 954, 686 N.E.2d at 1201.

The first sentence of Rule 219(e) is subject to more than one interpretation. When a statute is susceptible to more than one reasonable interpretation, it is considered ambiguous. Wright, 292 Ill. App. 3d at 954, 686 N.E.2d at 1201, citing Snyder v. Olmstead, 261 Ill. App. 3d 986, 634 N.E.2d 756 (1994). If a statute or rule is ambiguous, a court may consider other sources, such as its committee comments, to ascertain the purpose of the rule. Scattered Corp. v. Midwest Clearing Corp., 299 Ill. App. 3d 653, 657-58, 702 N.E.2d 167, 170 (1998), citing Wright, 292 Ill. App. 3d at 954, 686 N.E.2d at 1201.

Upon consideration of the committee comments to Rule 219(e), it is clear that when amending Rule 219, the drafters did not intend in any way to compromise a plaintiffs right to a voluntary nonsuit. Specifically, the committee comments to Rule 219(e) state in relevant part: “This paragraph does not change existing law regarding the right of a party to seek or obtain a voluntary dismissal.” (Emphasis added.) 166 Ill. 2d R. 219(e), Committee Comments, at cxiv. A clear indication that it was not the intent to abolish the right to a voluntary dismissal but merely to hold plaintiffs accountable is found in the comments on the instruction to the trial court when a case is refiled:

“[T]his paragraph does clearly dictate that when a case is refiled, the court shall consider the prior litigation in determining what discovery will be permitted, and what witnesses and evidence may be barred.” (Emphasis added.) 166 Ill. 2d R. 219(e), Committee Comments, at cxiv.

While not taking away a plaintiffs right to voluntarily dismiss, the supreme court has armed the trial court with the discretion and authority to impose sanctions upon a plaintiff for noncompliance with discovery orders and abuses of discovery. The sanctions range from assessing monetary penalties, to dismissing the action with or without prejudice, to the court in a subsequent suit considering orders entered in prior litigation. 166 Ill. 2d Rs. 219(c), (e); see also Clymore v. Hayden, 278 Ill. App. 3d 862, 869, 663 N.E.2d 755, 758 (1996) (case dismissed with prejudice due to plaintiffs repeated failure to abide by discovery requests and orders). In Clymore, this court noted that the changes in the supreme court rules, effective January 1, 1996, “both tighten the discovery process and give trial courts greater authority to govern it.” Clymore, 278 Ill. App. 3d at 869, 663 N.E.2d at 759. Specifically, the court referred to Supreme Court Rule 219(c), which sets forth the sanctions available for violations of court orders or discovery rules in civil cases. Clymore, 278 Ill. App. 3d at 869, 663 N.E.2d at 759.

In Scattered Corp., 299 Ill. App. 3d at 660, 702 N.E.2d at 171, the court held that “Rule 219(e) does not act as a bar to a plaintiffs statutory right to a voluntary dismissal. [Citations.] Rule 219(e) does, however, curtail a plaintiffs use of the voluntary dismissal as a dilatory tactic.” Furthermore, the court determined that when faced with a party’s failure to comply with discovery and court orders regarding discovery, Rule 219(e) clearly dictates that the trial court, in a refiled case, is to consider the previous litigation in determining what discovery will be permitted and what evidence and witnesses will be barred. Scattered Corp., 299 Ill. App. 3d at 658, 702 N.E.2d at 170.

In the present case, plaintiffs filed a motion to voluntarily dismiss pursuant to section 2—1009. Interestingly, the only objection to this motion by defendants St. Mary’s Hospital and Michael Feely, was on the ground that plaintiffs failed to allege that costs had been tendered to defendants; therefore, the motion should be denied. Wagner never objected at all. None of the defendants argued that plaintiffs were not entitled to the right to voluntarily dismiss.

If the trial court felt that plaintiffs, in this case, violated court orders and discovery rules, it had ample opportunity, and the authority, to dismiss this case under Rule 219(c) (166 Ill. 2d R. 219(c)). See Clymore, 278 Ill. App. 3d at 869, 663 N.E.2d at 759 (commending the trial court for having the courage to dismiss when confronted with deliberate noncompliance of court orders and rules); see also Sander v. Dow Chemical Co., 166 Ill. 2d 48, 71, 651 N.E.2d 1071, 1082 (1995) (the trial court had authority to sanction party per Rule 219(c) for violation of discovery rules and for violation of trial court’s orders).

We conclude the trial court had no discretion, pursuant to Rule 219(e), to deny the plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss. Because we find the trial court had no discretion to deny plaintiffs’ motion to dismiss, we need not address plaintiffs’ other two issues.

III. CONCLUSION

Accordingly, for the reasons stated, we vacate the judgment and remand with directions to the trial court for a hearing on plaintiffs’ costs to defendants.

Vacated and remanded.

COOK, J., concurs.