Moore v. State

51 Ark. 130

• Court: Supreme Court of Arkansas
• Decided: November 15, 1888
• Status: Published

Opinion

Cockrill, C. J.

The appellant was indicted for assault with intent to murder. There was a nol. pros, as to the felony, when he interposed a plea of former conviction. A demurrer to the plea was sustained, and that is assigned here as error. But there is no plea in the record and therefore nothing from which we can draw the deduction that the court erred in sustaining the demurrer.

1. Evidence: Docket entry of justice Upon the call of the indictment for trial, a jury was waiv-i. ed and the cause submitted by consent to the court. There ' was incontestible proof of the assault, and the defendant to meet it offered in evidence what purported to be the docket entry of a justice of the peace imposing a fine on him for an assault upon the person named in the* indictment It was not a certified copy from the justice’s record, nor was it. accompanied by an offer to prove its genuineness. Error cannot be laid to the rejection of the proposed evidence.

2. Criminal Procedure: Failure to enter plea.

Practice on appeal. But ^ judgment should be reversed because the record fails to disclose that a plea was entered by the defendant, ^ ¡s not essential that a defendant should enter a plea to the indictment — a plea of not guilty may be entered by the court for him if he declines to plead. And if the court treats the cause as at issue without a formal entry of the plea, and he acquiesces in the court’s action by availing himself of every privilege that could be accorded him under the plea, no substantial right has been affected ; but only an irregularity of the most technical character has been countenanced. Where the objection is technical and the thing complained of might have been obviated by the mere mention at the time the irregularity occurred, and it has been productive of no injury, it would be inconsistent with the intelligence that ought to govern-the whole course of judicial proceedings, to arrest the judgment on account of it. Indeed, we are commanded by the statute, which regulates the practice on appeal in misdemeanors, to reverse no judgment except for errors apparent on the record to the prejudice of the appellant. Mansfield’s Dig., sec. 2468.

No prejudice has resulted from a failure to enter a formal plea in this case. The appellant voluntarily submitted to the trial, and precisely the same proceedings were had as if he had formally entered a plea of not guilty. The cause was treated by both parties as though the issue was made on the plea of not guilty. The formal plea was thereby waived. See State v. Ward, 48 Ark., 39; State v. Hayes, 67 Iowa, 27; State v. Cassady, 12 Kan., 550; Ransom v. State, 49 Ark., 176.

The judgment was for a simple assault and it is affirmed.