Moore v. Moore

379 So. 2d 1153
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedJanuary 22, 1980
Docket14023
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 379 So. 2d 1153 (Moore v. Moore) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Moore v. Moore, 379 So. 2d 1153 (La. Ct. App. 1980).

Opinion

379 So.2d 1153 (1980)

James M. MOORE, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Tammie L. MOORE, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 14023.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.

January 22, 1980.

Neil Martin Trichel, Shreveport, for plaintiff-appellee.

R. Clyde Lawton, Jr., Vivian, for defendant-appellant.

Before HALL, MARVIN and JONES, JJ.

JONES, Judge.

Tammie Moore, mother and plaintiff-in-rule, appeals a judgment sustaining an exception of lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter to her rule seeking a reduction of the father's visitation privileges and an increase in child support contained in a New Mexico divorce judgment. This exception was filed by James Moore, father and defendant-in-rule.

The October 18, 1978 New Mexico divorce judgment awarded custody of the three year old child born of the marriage to the mother and gave the father visitation privileges for three months each summer, every Thanksgiving and Easter, and one-half of the Christmas vacation. The judgment ordered the father to pay $95.00 per month child support. The mother filed in March, 1979 a rule to show cause why the visitation should not be reduced and the child support increased to $200.00 per month. The trial judge dismissed the rule because he found that under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (L.R.S. 13:1700, et seq.), hereinafter referred to as the UCCJ Act, the Louisiana court lacked jurisdiction to modify the New Mexico judgment.

The mother had left the matrimonial domicile in New Mexico with the child in July, 1978 and established a domicile with her mother in Louisiana. The child and mother had lived in Louisiana for a period of eight months at the time she filed the rule to modify the New Mexico judgment.

After a trial on the visitation and support issues the trial judge sustained the exception of jurisdiction.

The issues are (1) whether the UCCJ Act denies jurisdiction to a Louisiana court over this matter, and (2) if there is jurisdiction whether this court should change the visitation provisions and increase the child support.

The UCCJ Act went into effect on October 1, 1978. The general purposes of the Act are to avoid jurisdictional disputes with courts of other states in matters of child custody and to assure that child custody litigation takes place in the state with the *1154 closest connection to and most substantial evidence about the child and its family. LSA-R.S. 13:1700(A). The basic goals of the Act do not appear to vitiate completely the broad grant of jurisdiction by LSA-C. C.P. Art. 10(A)(5)[1] over the status of the custody of a minor who is domiciled in, or is in, this state except in certain particular circumstances. See LSA-R.S. 13:1705 (simultaneous proceedings in other states); 13:1706 (forum non conveniens); 13:1707 (jurisdiction declined because of a wrongful taking of the child); and 13:1713 (no modification of another state's custody decree unless the other state no longer has jurisdiction or has declined jurisdiction). The Oregon Supreme Court in Settle v. Settle, 276 Or. 759, 770, 556 P.2d 962, 968 (1976), makes the following observation concerning the purpose of the UCCJ Act which had been adopted by Oregon:

"A close reading of the Act discloses a schizophrenic attempt to bring about an orderly system of decision and at the same time to protect the best interests of the children who may be immediately before the court. When put to the test of a factual situation presenting an irreconcilable conflict between those two interests, we read the Act as making predominant the best interests of the children before the court."

Considering the Act's overriding concern with the best interests of the child now presently before the court, we find it does not deny jurisdiction to the Louisiana court but rather mandates its exercise of jurisdiction over this cause.

Louisiana has traditionally exercised its jurisdiction over the status of minors present in the state regardless of the method of their arrival here. See State ex rel. Girtman v. Ricketson, 221 La. 691, 60 So.2d 88 (1952), which holds that a Louisiana court has jurisdiction over a minor in order to determine his legal custody when the minor is domiciled in, or is in, Louisiana. The jurisprudence has interpreted the provisions of the later Art. 10(A)(5) of the Code of Civil Procedure to mean that mere physical presence without more and without regard to the means used to achieve such presence suffices to give a Louisiana court power to decide the custody of a minor. Jones v. Larkins, 347 So.2d 508 (La.App.4th Cir. 1977); Lucas v. Lucas, 195 So.2d 771 (La.App.3d Cir. 1966); Rafferty v. Rafferty, 313 So.2d 356 (La.App.4th Cir.1975); Miller v. Miller, 363 So.2d 724 (La.App.2d Cir. 1978). Even after the UCCJ Act had gone into effect, at least one Louisiana appellate court has without discussing the new Act ruled that on the basis of LSA-C.C.P. Art. 10(A)(5) a Louisiana court had jurisdiction to determine if a Virginia custody decree should be modified. Folsom v. Folsom, 372 So.2d 769 (La.App.4th Cir. 1979). Here the trial court determined the question of custody of three minors, all of whom were domiciled in Virginia, but two of whom were present in Louisiana, and one of whom was still in Virginia. The Fourth Circuit held that as to the custody determination of the child in Virginia, the trial court was without jurisdiction (basing its decision on LSA-C.C.P. Art. 10(A)(5) and Rafferty and Jones, supra.) Without considering the UCCJ Act the Fourth Circuit affirmed on the merits the trial court's decision to allow custody to remain with the mother of one of the boys who was domiciled in Virginia but was present in Louisiana. By affirming on the merits the court necessarily determined that the trial court did have jurisdiction to decide the child's custody because of Article 10(A)(5), Rafferty and Jones.

The broad custody jurisdiction granted by Art. 10(A)(5) appears to be not substantially diminished by passage of the UCCJ Act. However, it is clear from the general goals of the Act that mere physical presence without more should not now suffice to give a Louisiana court jurisdiction either to determine custody or modify a foreign custody decree. In order for a Louisiana court *1155 to have jurisdiction the home state test of R.S. 13:1702(A)(1)[2] must be met or the best interest of the child test of 1702(A)(2)[3] must be satisfied. Since the minimal requirement of physical presence has led to the very child-snatching incidents which the Act seeks to prevent, the goals of the Act, plus its jurisdictional requirements ensure that mere presence of the minor in Louisiana without more will not be enough to give a Louisiana court power to determine the custody of that minor. For a good discussion of this change in Louisiana custody jurisdiction and of the Act in general see Ann Lastilla's article in 39 Law Review, 107, Legislative Symposium, pp. 107-121.

The issue is does Louisiana have jurisdiction to modify the custody decree of New Mexico?

Under R.S. 13-1702(A)(1) of the Act, Louisiana is competent to make a child custody determination by modification because Louisiana was the child's home state at the time of commencement of the proceeding, March, 1979. "Home state" is defined in § 1701(5) as being "the state in which the child immediately preceding the time involved lived with ... a parent ...

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Bluebook (online)
379 So. 2d 1153, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/moore-v-moore-lactapp-1980.