Moore v. Matthews

69 F.R.D. 406, 23 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 88, 1975 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14808
CourtDistrict Court, D. Massachusetts
DecidedDecember 16, 1975
DocketCiv. A. No. 75-2555-T
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 69 F.R.D. 406 (Moore v. Matthews) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Massachusetts primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Moore v. Matthews, 69 F.R.D. 406, 23 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 88, 1975 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14808 (D. Mass. 1975).

Opinion

[407]*407MEMORANDUM

TAURO, District Judge.

Plaintiff, a recipient of benefits under the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, brings this action on behalf of all similarly situated Massachusetts SSI recipients, seeking to compel the defendants to promptly replace SSI checks which have either been lost or stolen or which the government has mistakenly failed to issue. The plaintiff claims that continuing delays in receiving replacement checks not only leave class members destitute and pose a threat to their health but also deprive them of their statutory right to SSI benefits and their constitutional right to due process and equal protection.

Currently pending is the plaintiff’s motion for class action certification. The defendants oppose certification, because (1) the action of the named plaintiff has become moot and, (2) the proposed class fails to meet the requirements of Rule 23.

I.

The plaintiff has been receiving monthly SSI benefits of $287 since the inception of the program in January 1974. That grant, plus a $103 monthly disability payment under Title II of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 401 et seq. make up his sole source of support.1

In March 1975, the plaintiff arranged with the Social Security Administration to have both checks sent directly to his bank rather than to his home. By May 1975, however, that request had not been complied with. Then on June 1, 1975, the plaintiff received his disability check at home, but neither he nor his bank received his SSI check for the month. On June 2, 1975, after checking again at home and at the bank, the plaintiff reported the problem to the Charlestown District Office of the Social Security Administration. He was told that the Office would attempt to locate the missing SSI check. On June 10, 1975, the Office informed the plaintiff that his June SSI check had been lost. The plaintiff filled out a lost check form and was told that a replacement would be issued at the earliest by June 24, 1975. On June 25, 1975, the plaintiff had still not received his check, and instituted this lawsuit that day. His June SSI cheek was replaced on June 27,1975.

II.

All parties concede that had this action been maintained on behalf of the named plaintiff alone, it would now be moot. The plaintiff has received from the agency the relief he originally sought in the courts. Nevertheless, the plaintiff argues that there remains a live controversy between the members of the proposed class and the defendants, and that certification at this time is not barred by mootness.

The plaintiff’s theory is based upon the Supreme Court’s recent decisions in Sosna v. Iowa, 419 U.S. 393, 95 S.Ct. 553, 42 L.Ed.2d 532 (1975) and Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103, 95 S.Ct. 854, 43 L.Ed.2d 54 (1975). In Sosna, the plaintiff brought a class action in federal district court challenging, on constitutional grounds, the one year Iowa durational residency requirement for divorces. At the time the district court certified the class, the named plaintiff had not yet met the residency requirement. By the time the matter reached the Supreme Court, however, she had met the residency requirement. Nevertheless, the Court held that the case had not become moot because there remained a live controversy between the defendants and the class of persons plaintiff sought to represent. Moreover, the Court noted that, as a practical matter, a finding of mootness in this situation would result in “a significant class of federal claims [remaining] unredressed for want of a [408]*408spokesman who could retain a personal adversary position throughout the course of the litigation.” Sosna v. Iowa, supra, 419 U.S. at 401, n. 9, 95 S.Ct. at 558.

In dicta, the Court restated what seemed to have been the settled rule that

[t]here must ... be a named plaintiff who has ... a case or controversy at the time the . . . class action is certified by the District Court pursuant to Rule 23 . . . .

Id. at 402, 95 S.Ct. at 559.

Then in a footnote, the Court made the following observation.

There may be cases in which the controversy involving the named plaintiffs is such that it becomes moot as to them before the District Court can reasonably be expected to rule on a certification motion. In such instances, whether the certification can be said to “relate back” to the filing of the complaint may depend upon the circumstances of the particular case and especially the reality of the claim that otherwise the issue would evade review.

Id. at 402, n. 11, 95 S.Ct. at 559.

About a month later, the Court had occasion to apply footnote 11. In Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103, 95 S.Ct. 854, 43 L.Ed.2d 54 (1975), the plaintiffs brought a class action challenging a Florida procedure which allowed criminal defendants to be held for trial pursuant to a prosecutor’s information, without any judicial determination of probable cause. By the time the ease reached the Supreme Court, the named plaintiffs had been convicted and the record did not indicate whether they were still confined at the time the District Court certified the class. Nevertheless, the Court held that even if the named plaintiffs’ confinement had ended prior to certification, the case would not have become moot.

At the time the complaint was filed, the named respondents were members of a class of persons detained without a judicial probable cause determination, but the record does not indicate whether any of them were still in custody awaiting trial when the District Court certified the class. Such a showing ordinarily would be required to avoid mootness under Sosna. But this case is a suitable exception to that requirement, [citations omitted.]
The length of pretrial custody cannot be ascertained at the outset, and it may be ended at any time by release on recognizance, dismissal of the charges, or a guilty plea, as well as by acquittal or conviction after trial. It is by no means certain that any given individual, named as plaintiff, would be in pretrial custody long enough for a district judge to certify the class. Moreover, in this case the constant existence of a class of persons suffering the deprivation is certain.

Gerstein v. Pugh, supra, 420 U.S. at 110, n. 11, 95 S.Ct. at 861.

As the Court noted, “[t]he claim, in short, is one that is distinctly ‘capable of repetition, yet evading review.’ ” Id. See also Frost v. Weinberger, 515 F.2d ,57, 62-65 (2d Cir. 1975). But cf. Cichetti v. Lucey, 514 F.2d 362 (1st Cir. 1975).

This case, like Gerstein, seems to fall within that narrow class of cases which do not become moot merely because the .named plaintiff’s dispute has been resolved before the class action has been certified.

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Bluebook (online)
69 F.R.D. 406, 23 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 88, 1975 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14808, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/moore-v-matthews-mad-1975.