1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MERRICK MOORE, Case No.: 23-cv-194-GPC-DDL
12 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. SECOND MOTION TO APPOINT COUNSEL 14 J.J. DURAN, et al.,
15 Defendants. [Dkt. No. 57] 16 17 Before the Court is Plaintiff Merrick Moore’s Motion for Appointment of Counsel 18 (the “Motion”). Dkt. No. 57. This is Plaintiff’s second request for Court-appointed 19 counsel. See Dkt. Nos. 30, 34. For the reasons stated below, Plaintiff’s Motion is 20 DENIED. 21 I. 22 BACKGROUND 23 Plaintiff filed his complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on February 1, 2023, 24 alleging Defendants used excessive force and sexually assaulted him, in violation of his 25 Constitutional rights. Dkt. No. 1. Plaintiff’s complaint survived the screening required by 26 28 U.S.C. § 1915A and was subsequently served on Defendants. See Dkt. Nos. 4, 8, 21. 27 On September 29, 2023, the Court denied Plaintiff’s previous motion to appoint 28 counsel, finding that Plaintiff had not established exceptional circumstances for doing so 1 as required by controlling Ninth Circuit authority. Dkt. No. 34. The Court informed 2 Plaintiff he could renew his motion “if his situation changes such that he can make the 3 necessary showing that he is both likely to succeed on the merits of his claims, and unable 4 to competently articulate those claims.” See id. at 4. 5 On October 4, 2023, the Court held a Case Management Conference and entered a 6 scheduling order. Dkt. Nos. 37, 38. Since that time, the parties have engaged in discovery, 7 including significant motion practice, and have appeared before the undersigned for status 8 conferences, discovery hearings, and settlement proceedings. 9 On March 28, 2024, Plaintiff renewed his request for counsel by means of the 10 Motion now before the Court. As before, Plaintiff requests the Court appoint counsel to 11 represent him in this action because: (1) he cannot afford to retain a lawyer; (2) “counsel 12 would be better equipped to obtain, gather and retrieve” document discovery necessary to 13 Plaintiff’s case; (3) counsel would also be “better equipped to locate witnesses” and 14 conduct interviews and depositions; and (4) Plaintiff “continues to be subject to retaliation 15 by CDCR officials for filing grievances.” Id. at 1-2 (alterations omitted). 16 II. 17 LEGAL STANDARDS 18 “There is no absolute right to counsel in civil proceedings.” Hedges v. Resolution 19 Trust Corp., 32 F.3d 1360, 1363 (9th Cir. 1994).1 Where “exceptional circumstances” 20 exist, the Court may in its discretion appoint counsel to represent an indigent litigant. 21 Terrell v. Brewer, 935 F.2d 1015, 1017 (9th Cir. 1991). But, such “exceptional 22 circumstances” exist only where a plaintiff demonstrates both that he is likely to succeed 23 on the merits of his claims, and that he is unable to effectively articulate those claims. 24 Cano v. Taylor, 739 F.3d 1214, 1218 (9th Cir. 2014). 25 / / / 26 27 28 1 III. 2 DISCUSSION 3 The Court previously explained that plaintiff could renew his request for counsel “if 4 plaintiff’s circumstances change such that he can make the necessary showing that he is 5 both likely to succeed on the merits of his claims, and unable to competently articulate 6 those claims.” Dkt. No. 34 at 4. Plaintiff’s Motion does not demonstrate any change in 7 circumstances, but rather repeats arguments already considered and rejected by the Court. 8 Nevertheless, the Court has considered Plaintiff’s request for counsel anew, and finds 9 Plaintiff again fails to meet his burden of demonstrating exceptional circumstances to 10 warrant the appointment of counsel to represent him at taxpayer expense. 11 First, plaintiff has not shown a likelihood of success on the merits. Plaintiff states 12 he has “identif[ied] facts to support a finding that he may succeed on the merits of his 13 claims” and refers the Court to his complaint. Dkt. No. 57 at 2-3. The question for the 14 Court, however, is whether Plaintiff is likely to succeed his claims. Cano, 739 F.3d at 15 1218. “[W]hile Plaintiff may have sufficiently pleaded a plausible . . . claim at this 16 preliminary stage of the proceedings, he has yet to demonstrate, and it is too soon to tell, 17 whether he is likely to succeed on the merits.” Hucker v. Daub, No. 21-CV-577 JLS 18 (AHG), 2021 WL 2550089, at *6 (S.D. Cal. June 22, 2021) (denying motion for counsel); 19 see also Delena v. Lara, No. 323CV00345JAHVET, 2024 WL 1145168, at *2 (S.D. Cal. 20 Mar. 15, 2024) (noting “the threshold for a complaint to survive screening is ‘low,’ . . . and 21 therefore does not determine whether Plaintiff is likely to succeed on the merits of his 22 claim”). In other words, at this point in the proceedings, the allegations in Plaintiff’s 23 complaint remain unproven assertions of fact, and the Court has no basis upon which to 24 predict Plaintiff’s ability to prove those facts at trial. “A plaintiff that provides no evidence 25 of his likelihood for success at trial fails to satisfy the first factor of the [exceptional 26 circumstances] test.” Torbert v. Gore, No. 14cv2911-BEN-NLS, 2016 WL 1399230, at *1 27 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 8, 2016). Therefore, the Court reaffirms its determination that this factor 28 / / / 1 weighs against a finding of exceptional circumstances warranting the appointment of 2 counsel. See Dkt. No. 34 at 3. 3 Second, Plaintiff has not shown that he lacks the ability to pursue his claims. 4 Plaintiff asserts without explanation that his claims will “likely turn on complex medical 5 questions of competing treatment regimens and causation,” and that he is “incapable” of 6 articulating these complex medical issues. Dkt. No. 57 at 2. The Court is skeptical that 7 Plaintiff’s excessive force claims will indeed “turn on complex medical questions.” See 8 Dkt. No. 4 at 2 (describing elements of excessive force claim). Setting that aside, however, 9 the Court notes that it previously considered, and rejected, Plaintiff’s claim that counsel 10 should be appointed due to the complexity of Plaintiff’s claims. See Dkt. No. 34 at 3. The 11 Court likewise considered, and rejected, Plaintiff’s assertion that his “incarceration makes 12 it almost impossible to secure important evidence needed to substantiate his claims.” Dkt. 13 No. 57 at 3; see also Dkt. No. 34 at 4. Finally, the Court considered Plaintiff’s assertion 14 that unnamed “prison officials” have obstructed his ability to litigate his case and 15 concluded Plaintiff had not not shown how this alleged conduct “interfered with his ability 16 to litigate on his own behalf” such as to warrant appointment of counsel. Dkt. No. 34 at 3. 17 Plaintiff “respectfully disagree[s]” with the Court’s prior determination that his allegations 18 are unsubstantiated, Dkt. No. 57 at 3, but has not proffered a reason for the Court to 19 reconsider its findings, nor does the record reveal one. See CivLR 7.1.i.1 (noting that an 20 application for reconsideration of any order must set forth “new or different facts and 21 circumstances . . . which did not exist, or were not shown” previously). 22 To reiterate, Plaintiff has brought a relatively straightforward Eighth Amendment 23 claim. That Plaintiff will be required to marshal discovery to prove his claim is not 24 exceptional, because “practically all cases . . . require [the] development of further facts 25 during litigation.” Wilborn v.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MERRICK MOORE, Case No.: 23-cv-194-GPC-DDL
12 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. SECOND MOTION TO APPOINT COUNSEL 14 J.J. DURAN, et al.,
15 Defendants. [Dkt. No. 57] 16 17 Before the Court is Plaintiff Merrick Moore’s Motion for Appointment of Counsel 18 (the “Motion”). Dkt. No. 57. This is Plaintiff’s second request for Court-appointed 19 counsel. See Dkt. Nos. 30, 34. For the reasons stated below, Plaintiff’s Motion is 20 DENIED. 21 I. 22 BACKGROUND 23 Plaintiff filed his complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on February 1, 2023, 24 alleging Defendants used excessive force and sexually assaulted him, in violation of his 25 Constitutional rights. Dkt. No. 1. Plaintiff’s complaint survived the screening required by 26 28 U.S.C. § 1915A and was subsequently served on Defendants. See Dkt. Nos. 4, 8, 21. 27 On September 29, 2023, the Court denied Plaintiff’s previous motion to appoint 28 counsel, finding that Plaintiff had not established exceptional circumstances for doing so 1 as required by controlling Ninth Circuit authority. Dkt. No. 34. The Court informed 2 Plaintiff he could renew his motion “if his situation changes such that he can make the 3 necessary showing that he is both likely to succeed on the merits of his claims, and unable 4 to competently articulate those claims.” See id. at 4. 5 On October 4, 2023, the Court held a Case Management Conference and entered a 6 scheduling order. Dkt. Nos. 37, 38. Since that time, the parties have engaged in discovery, 7 including significant motion practice, and have appeared before the undersigned for status 8 conferences, discovery hearings, and settlement proceedings. 9 On March 28, 2024, Plaintiff renewed his request for counsel by means of the 10 Motion now before the Court. As before, Plaintiff requests the Court appoint counsel to 11 represent him in this action because: (1) he cannot afford to retain a lawyer; (2) “counsel 12 would be better equipped to obtain, gather and retrieve” document discovery necessary to 13 Plaintiff’s case; (3) counsel would also be “better equipped to locate witnesses” and 14 conduct interviews and depositions; and (4) Plaintiff “continues to be subject to retaliation 15 by CDCR officials for filing grievances.” Id. at 1-2 (alterations omitted). 16 II. 17 LEGAL STANDARDS 18 “There is no absolute right to counsel in civil proceedings.” Hedges v. Resolution 19 Trust Corp., 32 F.3d 1360, 1363 (9th Cir. 1994).1 Where “exceptional circumstances” 20 exist, the Court may in its discretion appoint counsel to represent an indigent litigant. 21 Terrell v. Brewer, 935 F.2d 1015, 1017 (9th Cir. 1991). But, such “exceptional 22 circumstances” exist only where a plaintiff demonstrates both that he is likely to succeed 23 on the merits of his claims, and that he is unable to effectively articulate those claims. 24 Cano v. Taylor, 739 F.3d 1214, 1218 (9th Cir. 2014). 25 / / / 26 27 28 1 III. 2 DISCUSSION 3 The Court previously explained that plaintiff could renew his request for counsel “if 4 plaintiff’s circumstances change such that he can make the necessary showing that he is 5 both likely to succeed on the merits of his claims, and unable to competently articulate 6 those claims.” Dkt. No. 34 at 4. Plaintiff’s Motion does not demonstrate any change in 7 circumstances, but rather repeats arguments already considered and rejected by the Court. 8 Nevertheless, the Court has considered Plaintiff’s request for counsel anew, and finds 9 Plaintiff again fails to meet his burden of demonstrating exceptional circumstances to 10 warrant the appointment of counsel to represent him at taxpayer expense. 11 First, plaintiff has not shown a likelihood of success on the merits. Plaintiff states 12 he has “identif[ied] facts to support a finding that he may succeed on the merits of his 13 claims” and refers the Court to his complaint. Dkt. No. 57 at 2-3. The question for the 14 Court, however, is whether Plaintiff is likely to succeed his claims. Cano, 739 F.3d at 15 1218. “[W]hile Plaintiff may have sufficiently pleaded a plausible . . . claim at this 16 preliminary stage of the proceedings, he has yet to demonstrate, and it is too soon to tell, 17 whether he is likely to succeed on the merits.” Hucker v. Daub, No. 21-CV-577 JLS 18 (AHG), 2021 WL 2550089, at *6 (S.D. Cal. June 22, 2021) (denying motion for counsel); 19 see also Delena v. Lara, No. 323CV00345JAHVET, 2024 WL 1145168, at *2 (S.D. Cal. 20 Mar. 15, 2024) (noting “the threshold for a complaint to survive screening is ‘low,’ . . . and 21 therefore does not determine whether Plaintiff is likely to succeed on the merits of his 22 claim”). In other words, at this point in the proceedings, the allegations in Plaintiff’s 23 complaint remain unproven assertions of fact, and the Court has no basis upon which to 24 predict Plaintiff’s ability to prove those facts at trial. “A plaintiff that provides no evidence 25 of his likelihood for success at trial fails to satisfy the first factor of the [exceptional 26 circumstances] test.” Torbert v. Gore, No. 14cv2911-BEN-NLS, 2016 WL 1399230, at *1 27 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 8, 2016). Therefore, the Court reaffirms its determination that this factor 28 / / / 1 weighs against a finding of exceptional circumstances warranting the appointment of 2 counsel. See Dkt. No. 34 at 3. 3 Second, Plaintiff has not shown that he lacks the ability to pursue his claims. 4 Plaintiff asserts without explanation that his claims will “likely turn on complex medical 5 questions of competing treatment regimens and causation,” and that he is “incapable” of 6 articulating these complex medical issues. Dkt. No. 57 at 2. The Court is skeptical that 7 Plaintiff’s excessive force claims will indeed “turn on complex medical questions.” See 8 Dkt. No. 4 at 2 (describing elements of excessive force claim). Setting that aside, however, 9 the Court notes that it previously considered, and rejected, Plaintiff’s claim that counsel 10 should be appointed due to the complexity of Plaintiff’s claims. See Dkt. No. 34 at 3. The 11 Court likewise considered, and rejected, Plaintiff’s assertion that his “incarceration makes 12 it almost impossible to secure important evidence needed to substantiate his claims.” Dkt. 13 No. 57 at 3; see also Dkt. No. 34 at 4. Finally, the Court considered Plaintiff’s assertion 14 that unnamed “prison officials” have obstructed his ability to litigate his case and 15 concluded Plaintiff had not not shown how this alleged conduct “interfered with his ability 16 to litigate on his own behalf” such as to warrant appointment of counsel. Dkt. No. 34 at 3. 17 Plaintiff “respectfully disagree[s]” with the Court’s prior determination that his allegations 18 are unsubstantiated, Dkt. No. 57 at 3, but has not proffered a reason for the Court to 19 reconsider its findings, nor does the record reveal one. See CivLR 7.1.i.1 (noting that an 20 application for reconsideration of any order must set forth “new or different facts and 21 circumstances . . . which did not exist, or were not shown” previously). 22 To reiterate, Plaintiff has brought a relatively straightforward Eighth Amendment 23 claim. That Plaintiff will be required to marshal discovery to prove his claim is not 24 exceptional, because “practically all cases . . . require [the] development of further facts 25 during litigation.” Wilborn v. Escalderon, 789 F.2d 1328, 1331 (9th Cir. 1986). That it 26 would be easier for an attorney to do so on Plaintiff’s behalf is also “not enough to 27 demonstrate exceptional circumstances.” See id. (exceptional circumstances not shown 28 because a prisoner-plaintiff is “seldom . . . in a position to investigate easily the facts 1 ||necessary to support the case”). Moreover, the record before the Court belies any assertion 2 || that Plaintiffis not capable of pursuing his claims. To date, Plaintiff has: filed a complaint 3 || that survived screening; prepared a discovery plan; moved for service of his complaint, to 4 ||compel discovery, for leave to serve a subpoena, for the appointment of counsel (twice), 5 to amend the pretrial schedule; objected to various filings by Defendants; and 6 || participated in two status conferences, a discovery hearing and two settlement conferences. 7 || Throughout these filings and proceedings, Plaintiff has demonstrated to the Court that he 8 understands basic litigation procedure and can competently petition the Court for relief. 9 || The Court thus reaffirms its finding that this factor weighs against appointing counsel. 10 Based on the foregoing, the Court finds, again, that Plaintiff has not demonstrated 11 exceptional circumstances as required for the appointment of counsel, because he has not 12 ||shown that he is likely to succeed on the merits of his claims or that he is unable to 13 ||competently articulate those claims. See Cano, 739 F.3d at 1218. 14 IV. 15 CONCLUSION 16 For the reasons stated above, Plaintiff's Motion for Appointment of Counsel [Dkt. 17 ||No. 57] is DENIED. Plaintiff may renew his request if his situation changes such that he 18 |}can make the necessary showing that he is both likely to succeed on the merits of his claims, 19 unable to competently articulate those claims. 20 || IT ISSO ORDERED. 21 || Dated: April 22, 2024 ene 22 Cb! lobue 23 Hon. David D. Leshner United States Magistrate Judge 25 26 27 28