Dibell, C.
At the November, 1912, general election the contestant, C. O. Moon, and the contestee, J. O. Harris, were rival candidates for the office of register of deeds of Beltrami county. The contestee, Flarris, was declared elected by the county canvassing board by a majority of five. The contestant, Moon, appealed to the district court. Hpon trial had he was declared elected by a majority of three. The contestee appeals from the order denying his motion for a new trial.
1. The contestee attacks the sufficiency of the notice of appeal.
Section 336, R. L. 1905, as amended by Laws 1911, p. 78, c. 59, requires the notice of appeal to the district court in an election contest to specify “the points upon which the contest' will be made.”
[140]*140The notice of appeal stated that the contestant received a plurality of the votes cast for the office of register of deeds; that the ballots cast for the contestant were erroneously counted for the contestee in all of the precincts of the county and were erroneously returned to the county auditor as cast for the contestee; and that the ballots thus erroneously counted and returned, if correctly counted and returned, would have given a result in contestant’s favor.
These specifications, though shabbily framed, were sufficient to apprise the contestee of the claim made, and justified the court in ordering an inspection of the ballots. This court has never been averse to the allowance of a fair opportunity of ascertaining the actual result of an election. The important thing is that the truth be ascertained and the will of the voters be given effect; and the notice of appeal is intended as an aid, not a hindrance, to a fair investigation. We have not overlooked such cases as O’Gorman v. Richter, 31 Minn. 25, 16 N. W. 416; Soper v. County of Sibley, 46 Minn. 274, 48 N. W. 1112, and Lee v. Kratka, 94 Minn. 524, 102 N. W. 1134.
2. The contestee claims error in the allowance of an amendment of the notice of appeal. The contestant was allowed, over the objection of the contestee, to amend his notice of appeal by alleging that the ballots were erroneously counted and returned in all the precincts except in the precinct of Krohn and the precinct of Grant Valley; the attack on the returns of these two precincts being thus withdrawn. The statute which provides for the notice of appeal permits its amendment.
The amendment was offered and allowed after it was shown that the ballots of these two precincts could not be found. There was no error in allowing the amendment. It was an unnecessary one. The returns of the precinct officers were prima facie evidence of the ballots cast, and the contestant, though he alleged errors in these two precincts making against himself, and in favor of the contestee, necessarily accepted the official returns, unless he or the contestee offered proof showing errors. An allegation by the contestant that there were errors unfavorable to him in the count, without proof, did not change [141]*141the probative effect of tbe returns, and still less was it an admission of errors against tbe contestee in tbe returns.
3. Tbe contestee claims that tbe court was in error in finding that tbe contestant received a plurality of tbe votes cast.
■ There were 61 voting precincts in tbe county at tbe 1912 election. A recount of all tbe precincts except Frohn and Grant \ alley was bad. According to tbe finding of tbe county canvassing board, based of course upon precinct returns, Moon received 1,458 votes and Harris 1,463, a majority of 5 for Harris. Omitting tbe precinct returns for Frohn and Grant Valley, where Moon was given 52 votes and Harris 34, a majority of 18 for Moon, tbe official returns gave Moon 1406 and Harris 1429, a majority of 23 for Harris. Hpon a recount of all of tbe ballots, except in tbe precincts of Frohn and Grant Valley, where tbe ballots were missing, it was found that Moon bad 1,411 votes and Harris 1,426, a majority of 15 for Harris.
If tbe official returns from Frohn and Grant Valley are added to tbe result of tbe recount, Moon received 1,463 votes and Harris 1,460, a majority of 3 for Moon. Tbe court added tbe result of tbe recount of tbe 65 precincts to tbe official returns of tbe two precincts and found Moon elected by a plurality of three. If tbe returns and tbe result of tbe recount could be thus used Moon was elected; if they could not be, Harris was elected.
Tbe official returns are evidence of tbe votes cast. Tbe presumption is that they correctly state tbe result of an accurate count of tbe ballots. Tbe testimony of tbe precinct officers tended to show that tbe precinct returns were correctly made and were at tbe time of tbe trial in tbe condition when made. This evidence was offered to repel tbe attack made upon their integrity, because of tbe careless method of their keeping after their return to tbe county auditor. Tbe contestant, however, necessarily relied upon tbe legal presumption of their accuracy. There is no presumption that a recount would show a gain or loss either for Moon or for Harris. Tbe presumption is to tbe contrary. To make a successful contest it was necessary for Moon, by a recount of tbe ballots, to change tbe result declared by tbe canvassing board to a result in bis favor. It was not necessary to recount every precinct of tbe county. It was necessary [142]*142that he go far enough to show errors in the returns of certain precincts, which, when corrected and added to the presumptively correct official returns, gave him a plurality. And so when by a recount of the 65 precincts he reduced Harris’ vote by 3, and increased his vote by 5, thus reducing the plurality of Harris on the recount precincts to 15, and used the official returns of Grant Valley and Erohn, where he had a plurality of 18, he was elected by a plurality of three.
This result was reached by the trial court, and correctly, unless such suspicion attached to the keeping of the ballots and returns as required their exclusion, and this is a claim made by the contestee.
4. The contestee claims that the ballots and returns were so carelessly kept, and with so much opportunity of being tampered with, that they should not be received in evidence to overturn the finding of the county canvassing board.
The court found that the blue envelopes, containing the county ballots of the precincts of Erohn and Grant Valley, “were surreptitiously removed from the county auditor’s vault by some person whose identity the evidence does not disclose.” They disappeared during the progress of the recount.
There were a number of irregularities in the keeping of the ballots, in the way of stringing them, and in sealing them, and in returning them to the county auditor, and in keeping them after they were returned. Some seals were missing from the envelopes or were broken or were mutilated. The court specifically found that “the ballots were, when recounted by the inspectors, and when received in evidence herein, in the same condition as when counted by the judges of election.” It was specifically found that the votes cast in the precincts of Erohn and Grant Valley were as shown in the official returns. Upon the recount few errors were found. In only 12 of the 65 precincts recounted were errors discovered. In Teu strike there was an error of 5 due to a mistake in the tally sheet.
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Dibell, C.
At the November, 1912, general election the contestant, C. O. Moon, and the contestee, J. O. Harris, were rival candidates for the office of register of deeds of Beltrami county. The contestee, Flarris, was declared elected by the county canvassing board by a majority of five. The contestant, Moon, appealed to the district court. Hpon trial had he was declared elected by a majority of three. The contestee appeals from the order denying his motion for a new trial.
1. The contestee attacks the sufficiency of the notice of appeal.
Section 336, R. L. 1905, as amended by Laws 1911, p. 78, c. 59, requires the notice of appeal to the district court in an election contest to specify “the points upon which the contest' will be made.”
[140]*140The notice of appeal stated that the contestant received a plurality of the votes cast for the office of register of deeds; that the ballots cast for the contestant were erroneously counted for the contestee in all of the precincts of the county and were erroneously returned to the county auditor as cast for the contestee; and that the ballots thus erroneously counted and returned, if correctly counted and returned, would have given a result in contestant’s favor.
These specifications, though shabbily framed, were sufficient to apprise the contestee of the claim made, and justified the court in ordering an inspection of the ballots. This court has never been averse to the allowance of a fair opportunity of ascertaining the actual result of an election. The important thing is that the truth be ascertained and the will of the voters be given effect; and the notice of appeal is intended as an aid, not a hindrance, to a fair investigation. We have not overlooked such cases as O’Gorman v. Richter, 31 Minn. 25, 16 N. W. 416; Soper v. County of Sibley, 46 Minn. 274, 48 N. W. 1112, and Lee v. Kratka, 94 Minn. 524, 102 N. W. 1134.
2. The contestee claims error in the allowance of an amendment of the notice of appeal. The contestant was allowed, over the objection of the contestee, to amend his notice of appeal by alleging that the ballots were erroneously counted and returned in all the precincts except in the precinct of Krohn and the precinct of Grant Valley; the attack on the returns of these two precincts being thus withdrawn. The statute which provides for the notice of appeal permits its amendment.
The amendment was offered and allowed after it was shown that the ballots of these two precincts could not be found. There was no error in allowing the amendment. It was an unnecessary one. The returns of the precinct officers were prima facie evidence of the ballots cast, and the contestant, though he alleged errors in these two precincts making against himself, and in favor of the contestee, necessarily accepted the official returns, unless he or the contestee offered proof showing errors. An allegation by the contestant that there were errors unfavorable to him in the count, without proof, did not change [141]*141the probative effect of tbe returns, and still less was it an admission of errors against tbe contestee in tbe returns.
3. Tbe contestee claims that tbe court was in error in finding that tbe contestant received a plurality of tbe votes cast.
■ There were 61 voting precincts in tbe county at tbe 1912 election. A recount of all tbe precincts except Frohn and Grant \ alley was bad. According to tbe finding of tbe county canvassing board, based of course upon precinct returns, Moon received 1,458 votes and Harris 1,463, a majority of 5 for Harris. Omitting tbe precinct returns for Frohn and Grant Valley, where Moon was given 52 votes and Harris 34, a majority of 18 for Moon, tbe official returns gave Moon 1406 and Harris 1429, a majority of 23 for Harris. Hpon a recount of all of tbe ballots, except in tbe precincts of Frohn and Grant Valley, where tbe ballots were missing, it was found that Moon bad 1,411 votes and Harris 1,426, a majority of 15 for Harris.
If tbe official returns from Frohn and Grant Valley are added to tbe result of tbe recount, Moon received 1,463 votes and Harris 1,460, a majority of 3 for Moon. Tbe court added tbe result of tbe recount of tbe 65 precincts to tbe official returns of tbe two precincts and found Moon elected by a plurality of three. If tbe returns and tbe result of tbe recount could be thus used Moon was elected; if they could not be, Harris was elected.
Tbe official returns are evidence of tbe votes cast. Tbe presumption is that they correctly state tbe result of an accurate count of tbe ballots. Tbe testimony of tbe precinct officers tended to show that tbe precinct returns were correctly made and were at tbe time of tbe trial in tbe condition when made. This evidence was offered to repel tbe attack made upon their integrity, because of tbe careless method of their keeping after their return to tbe county auditor. Tbe contestant, however, necessarily relied upon tbe legal presumption of their accuracy. There is no presumption that a recount would show a gain or loss either for Moon or for Harris. Tbe presumption is to tbe contrary. To make a successful contest it was necessary for Moon, by a recount of tbe ballots, to change tbe result declared by tbe canvassing board to a result in bis favor. It was not necessary to recount every precinct of tbe county. It was necessary [142]*142that he go far enough to show errors in the returns of certain precincts, which, when corrected and added to the presumptively correct official returns, gave him a plurality. And so when by a recount of the 65 precincts he reduced Harris’ vote by 3, and increased his vote by 5, thus reducing the plurality of Harris on the recount precincts to 15, and used the official returns of Grant Valley and Erohn, where he had a plurality of 18, he was elected by a plurality of three.
This result was reached by the trial court, and correctly, unless such suspicion attached to the keeping of the ballots and returns as required their exclusion, and this is a claim made by the contestee.
4. The contestee claims that the ballots and returns were so carelessly kept, and with so much opportunity of being tampered with, that they should not be received in evidence to overturn the finding of the county canvassing board.
The court found that the blue envelopes, containing the county ballots of the precincts of Erohn and Grant Valley, “were surreptitiously removed from the county auditor’s vault by some person whose identity the evidence does not disclose.” They disappeared during the progress of the recount.
There were a number of irregularities in the keeping of the ballots, in the way of stringing them, and in sealing them, and in returning them to the county auditor, and in keeping them after they were returned. Some seals were missing from the envelopes or were broken or were mutilated. The court specifically found that “the ballots were, when recounted by the inspectors, and when received in evidence herein, in the same condition as when counted by the judges of election.” It was specifically found that the votes cast in the precincts of Erohn and Grant Valley were as shown in the official returns. Upon the recount few errors were found. In only 12 of the 65 precincts recounted were errors discovered. In Teu strike there was an error of 5 due to a mistake in the tally sheet. In none of the other precincts was there an error greater than a gain or loss of one for either candidate. The difference between the total vote shown by the returns and upon the recount was only two. In referring to the ballots the trial court, in its memorandum, said:
“I am fully satisfied that they are intact and genuine, and that [143]*143they are the identical ballots cast by the voters and are now in the same condition in every respect as when voted. This conclusion is based upon all of the testimony of the case, including that of two of the inspectors, as well as upon my own careful inspection of the envelopes and ballots.”
The books are replete with cases stating, in one form or another, that the ballots are the primary or the best evidence in a contest of an election; but that to overcome the result of an official canvass by a resort to the ballots it must be shown that they are intact and genuine and have not been tampered with. Newton v. Newell, 26 Minn. 529, 6 N. W. 346; Stemper v. Higgins, 38 Minn. 222, 37 N. W. 95; Caldwell v. Mc Elvain, 184 Ill. 552, 56 N. E. 1012; Hartman v. Young, 17 Ore. 150, 20 Pac. 17, 2 L.R.A. 596, 11 Am. St. 787; Albert v. Twohig, 35 Neb. 563, 53 N. W. 582.
The question whether the ballots have been so preserved that they may be safely used to defeat the result shown by the returns is a question of fact, the decision of which is with the trial court. The court found that the ballots and the returns, when offered in evidence, were in their original condition. It was in a better position than we can he for making a correct finding; and we hold that it was properly made.
5. Allied to the question just discussed is the contestant’s claim that Moon, because he had access to the ballots, and an opportunity to tamper with them, should not be permitted to make use of them in overturning the finding of the county canvassing board.
Moon was a deputy auditor. He was substantially in custody of the ballots as they were returned from the precincts. He, more than the auditor, seems to have had to do with them. Propriety should have kept him away from them. He was openly in charge.
The trial court considered the claim now made and in connection with it cited Murphy v. Lentz, 131 Iowa, 328, 108 N. W. 530, and Coglan v. Beard, 67 Cal. 303, 7 Pac. 738. It found that there had been no tampering with the ballots or the returns and that as offered in evidence they were as when returned to the county auditor.
We are of the opinion that Moon should not be prevented from making use of the ballots and returns for the purposes of his contest. [144]*144It is a matter of public concern, and not merely tbe interest of contesting aspirants for office, that the will of tbe voters be given effect. Tbe statute which gives a right of contest permits any elector to institute one, regardless of tbe wishes of tbe candidate defeated on tbe face of tbe returns, and evinces a purpose, as does tbe trend of our decisions, to give effect to tbe actual vote cast.
It is likely true that in some jurisdictions ballots kept as these were would not be allowed in evidence to overturn tbe result of an official canvass, and that a contestant as close to tbe ballots as Moon was would not be permitted to overturn tbe official count by their use. We think that under the finding the trial court was right in receiving them.
Tbe election was very close. A slight change in tbe two uncounted precincts would give tbe election to Harris; but tbe presumption is against such change. A slight tampering with tbe ballots might bring tbe same result; but tbe finding is that there was no tampering. Tbe finding of the trial court that Moon was elected by a majority of three is supported by tbe evidence.
Order affirmed.