IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 23-1736 Filed February 5, 2025
MONTRELL DESHONE ANDERSON, Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Linda M.
Fangman, Judge.
Montrell Anderson appeals the dismissal of his third application for
postconviction relief from his 2005 convictions for first-degree burglary and
second-degree sexual assault. AFFIRMED.
Joseph C. Glazebrook of Glazebrook Law, PLLC, Des Moines, for
appellant.
Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Louis S. Sloven, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Considered by Chicchelly, P.J., Buller, J., and Doyle, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206
(2025). 2
DOYLE, Senior Judge.
Montrell Anderson appeals the dismissal of his third application for
postconviction relief (PCR) from his 2005 convictions for first-degree burglary and
second-degree sexual assault.1 He filed his third application in November 2021,
claiming new evidence of material facts requires the court to vacate his convictions
in the interest of justice. See Iowa Code § 822.2(1)(d) (2021). Anderson provided
the following list of grounds and allegations of fact in support of his application:
“Police report that the DA withheld, new witness testimony, unrele[ased] medical
records, withheld text messages, new voice analyst, new evidence that support[s]
inef[f]ective legal counsel. New evidence that support[s] false statements by law
enforcement.” He did not identify or attach any evidence supporting his
application.
More than one year passed without further action on the application. So, in
April 2023, the PCR court scheduled a review hearing. Nine days later, the State
moved to dismiss the application as untimely under Iowa Code section 822.3.
Anderson did not file a written resistance but testified at the unreported hearing on
August 2. As summarized in the PCR court’s ruling, Anderson acknowledged one
of the grounds for his application—the victim recanting—was raised in a prior PCR
action. Anderson was also unable to state “with any specificity” the new facts his
application relies on. The PCR court granted Anderson until August 31 “to file a
1 This court affirmed Anderson’s convictions on direct appeal. State v. Anderson, No. 06-1212, 2007 WL 750561, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 14, 2007). It also affirmed the denial of Anderson’s first PCR application, Anderson v. State, No. 10-0182, 2010 WL 5394782, at *8 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec. 22, 2010), and the dismissal of his second PCR application, Anderson v. State, No. 16-1001, 2017 WL 2665109, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. June 21, 2017). 3
responsive pleading indicating what the new evidence was and why it could not
have been discovered in the appropriate time frame.” When Anderson failed to do
so, the PCR court granted the State’s motion for summary disposition and
dismissed the PCR application.
Anderson appeals the dismissal of his PCR application, which we review
for correction of errors at law. See Moon v. State, 911 N.W.2d 137, 142 (Iowa
2018). Dismissal is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to
interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show . . .
there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled
to a judgment as a matter of law.” Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa R. Civ.
P. 1.981(3)). The State, as the moving party, bears the burden of proving there
are no genuine issues of material fact. See id. We review the record in the most
favorable light to Anderson. See id.
The PCR court dismissed Anderson’s PCR application as untimely under
Iowa Code section 822.3, which requires that PCR applicants file their applications
within three years of the date the conviction is final or the date in which procedendo
is issued on appeal. Anderson’s application, filed more than fourteen years after
his direct appeal was resolved, falls outside that period. But Anderson argues that
his claims fall within the statutory exception for “a ground of fact or law that could
not have been raised within the applicable time period.” Iowa Code § 822.3.
Anderson bears the burden of showing both that the ground could not be raised
within the three-year limitation period and is relevant to the challenged conviction.
Moon, 911 N.W.2d at 143. Because Anderson “failed to file any pleading, brief, or 4
information regarding the new evidence or why it could not be discovered during
the appropriate timeframe,” the PCR court dismissed the application.
Anderson first contends the PCR court erred by dismissing his application
before discovery was complete, claiming he was “denied any reasonable
opportunity to present facts to back up his legally cognizable claims.” But the
record does not support Anderson’s claim. Anderson filed his PCR application in
November 2021, and the hearing on the State’s motion to dismiss was held in
August 2023, giving Anderson almost two years to develop his claims. Even after
the hearing was held, the PCR court gave Anderson another month to describe
the evidence he was relying on for PCR and explain why it was not discoverable
during the three-year limitation period. But Anderson neither seized that
opportunity nor asked the PCR court for more time. See Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.981(6)
(providing that the court may deny summary judgment or order a continuance to
permit further discovery when the opposing party cannot present facts justifying
opposition). Without identifying the evidence supporting his application or
explaining why it was unavailable earlier, Anderson failed in his burden of showing
his claims fall within an exception to section 822.3. On this basis, dismissal was
appropriate.
Anderson also contends that the unreported hearing on the State’s motion
to dismiss amounts to structural error. He cites Iowa Code section 822.7, which
applies to hearings on the merits of the PCR application. But nothing in
chapter 822 requires that the PCR court hold a hearing on motions for summary
judgment. See Brown v. State, 589 N.W.2d 273, 275 (Iowa Ct. App. 1998) (holding
that “nothing prevents” the court from ruling on a motion for summary judgment on 5
PCR application without a hearing); Abdic v. State, No. 18-0321, 2018 WL
6707752, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec. 19, 2018) (“No hearing was held on the motion
to dismiss, but no hearing was required.”). And we are aware of no legal authority
holding that failure to report a hearing can amount to structural error. Thus, this
claim fails.2
Finally, Anderson contends the PCR court erred by denying his motion to
amend, enlarge, and reconsider its ruling. In his motion, Anderson implies that he
needed more time to respond because his counsel was limited to a thirty-minute
phone call with him on August 8 and could not schedule another call until
September 12.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 23-1736 Filed February 5, 2025
MONTRELL DESHONE ANDERSON, Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA, Respondent-Appellee. ________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Linda M.
Fangman, Judge.
Montrell Anderson appeals the dismissal of his third application for
postconviction relief from his 2005 convictions for first-degree burglary and
second-degree sexual assault. AFFIRMED.
Joseph C. Glazebrook of Glazebrook Law, PLLC, Des Moines, for
appellant.
Brenna Bird, Attorney General, and Louis S. Sloven, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Considered by Chicchelly, P.J., Buller, J., and Doyle, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206
(2025). 2
DOYLE, Senior Judge.
Montrell Anderson appeals the dismissal of his third application for
postconviction relief (PCR) from his 2005 convictions for first-degree burglary and
second-degree sexual assault.1 He filed his third application in November 2021,
claiming new evidence of material facts requires the court to vacate his convictions
in the interest of justice. See Iowa Code § 822.2(1)(d) (2021). Anderson provided
the following list of grounds and allegations of fact in support of his application:
“Police report that the DA withheld, new witness testimony, unrele[ased] medical
records, withheld text messages, new voice analyst, new evidence that support[s]
inef[f]ective legal counsel. New evidence that support[s] false statements by law
enforcement.” He did not identify or attach any evidence supporting his
application.
More than one year passed without further action on the application. So, in
April 2023, the PCR court scheduled a review hearing. Nine days later, the State
moved to dismiss the application as untimely under Iowa Code section 822.3.
Anderson did not file a written resistance but testified at the unreported hearing on
August 2. As summarized in the PCR court’s ruling, Anderson acknowledged one
of the grounds for his application—the victim recanting—was raised in a prior PCR
action. Anderson was also unable to state “with any specificity” the new facts his
application relies on. The PCR court granted Anderson until August 31 “to file a
1 This court affirmed Anderson’s convictions on direct appeal. State v. Anderson, No. 06-1212, 2007 WL 750561, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 14, 2007). It also affirmed the denial of Anderson’s first PCR application, Anderson v. State, No. 10-0182, 2010 WL 5394782, at *8 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec. 22, 2010), and the dismissal of his second PCR application, Anderson v. State, No. 16-1001, 2017 WL 2665109, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. June 21, 2017). 3
responsive pleading indicating what the new evidence was and why it could not
have been discovered in the appropriate time frame.” When Anderson failed to do
so, the PCR court granted the State’s motion for summary disposition and
dismissed the PCR application.
Anderson appeals the dismissal of his PCR application, which we review
for correction of errors at law. See Moon v. State, 911 N.W.2d 137, 142 (Iowa
2018). Dismissal is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to
interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show . . .
there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled
to a judgment as a matter of law.” Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Iowa R. Civ.
P. 1.981(3)). The State, as the moving party, bears the burden of proving there
are no genuine issues of material fact. See id. We review the record in the most
favorable light to Anderson. See id.
The PCR court dismissed Anderson’s PCR application as untimely under
Iowa Code section 822.3, which requires that PCR applicants file their applications
within three years of the date the conviction is final or the date in which procedendo
is issued on appeal. Anderson’s application, filed more than fourteen years after
his direct appeal was resolved, falls outside that period. But Anderson argues that
his claims fall within the statutory exception for “a ground of fact or law that could
not have been raised within the applicable time period.” Iowa Code § 822.3.
Anderson bears the burden of showing both that the ground could not be raised
within the three-year limitation period and is relevant to the challenged conviction.
Moon, 911 N.W.2d at 143. Because Anderson “failed to file any pleading, brief, or 4
information regarding the new evidence or why it could not be discovered during
the appropriate timeframe,” the PCR court dismissed the application.
Anderson first contends the PCR court erred by dismissing his application
before discovery was complete, claiming he was “denied any reasonable
opportunity to present facts to back up his legally cognizable claims.” But the
record does not support Anderson’s claim. Anderson filed his PCR application in
November 2021, and the hearing on the State’s motion to dismiss was held in
August 2023, giving Anderson almost two years to develop his claims. Even after
the hearing was held, the PCR court gave Anderson another month to describe
the evidence he was relying on for PCR and explain why it was not discoverable
during the three-year limitation period. But Anderson neither seized that
opportunity nor asked the PCR court for more time. See Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.981(6)
(providing that the court may deny summary judgment or order a continuance to
permit further discovery when the opposing party cannot present facts justifying
opposition). Without identifying the evidence supporting his application or
explaining why it was unavailable earlier, Anderson failed in his burden of showing
his claims fall within an exception to section 822.3. On this basis, dismissal was
appropriate.
Anderson also contends that the unreported hearing on the State’s motion
to dismiss amounts to structural error. He cites Iowa Code section 822.7, which
applies to hearings on the merits of the PCR application. But nothing in
chapter 822 requires that the PCR court hold a hearing on motions for summary
judgment. See Brown v. State, 589 N.W.2d 273, 275 (Iowa Ct. App. 1998) (holding
that “nothing prevents” the court from ruling on a motion for summary judgment on 5
PCR application without a hearing); Abdic v. State, No. 18-0321, 2018 WL
6707752, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec. 19, 2018) (“No hearing was held on the motion
to dismiss, but no hearing was required.”). And we are aware of no legal authority
holding that failure to report a hearing can amount to structural error. Thus, this
claim fails.2
Finally, Anderson contends the PCR court erred by denying his motion to
amend, enlarge, and reconsider its ruling. In his motion, Anderson implies that he
needed more time to respond because his counsel was limited to a thirty-minute
phone call with him on August 8 and could not schedule another call until
September 12. The motion then sets forth five allegations about what the victim
of his crimes “has recently done or said,” argues this conduct is “not the conduct
of an individual alleging rape,” and claims this evidence “was not discoverable at
the time of . . . [the] prior PCR hearing[].” But these bald assertions rely on
speculative inferences, lack supporting documentary evidence or affidavit, and are
not enough to generate a genuine issue of material fact. See Iowa R. Civ.
P. 1.981(5) (“When a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as
provided in this rule, an adverse party may not rest upon the mere allegations or
denials in the pleadings, but the response, by affidavits or as otherwise provided
in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for
2 Even if there were merit to Anderson’s claims that the PCR court prematurely
dismissed his application and erred by holding an unreported hearing on dismissal, Anderson failed to preserve error because he never raised those specific claims nor obtained a ruling on them. See Lamasters v. State, 821 N.W.2d 856, 862 (Iowa 2012) (“It is a fundamental doctrine of appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the district court before we will decide them on appeal.” (citation omitted)). 6
trial. If the adverse party does not so respond, summary judgment, if appropriate,
shall be entered.”); Castro v. State, 795 N.W.2d 789, 795 (Iowa 2011) (“An
inference to create a triable issue in response to a motion for summary judgment
cannot be based on conjecture or speculation.”); Slaughter v. Des Moines Univ.
Coll. of Osteopathic Med., 925 N.W.2d 793, 819 (Iowa 2019) (Appel, J., dissenting)
(“A moving party cannot shift the burden to the other party through a conclusory
motion for summary judgment not supported by undisputed facts.”).
Because Anderson failed to show the existence of new ground of fact that
is relevant to his convictions and could not be raised during the period set out in
section 822.3, we affirm the order dismissing his third PCR application.
AFFIRMED.